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Transcript of WWII. Totalitarianism – state has complete control CommunismFascism – bundle of rods AAims to...
WWII
Totalitarianism – state has complete control
Communism Fascism – bundle of rods
Aims to create a classless society – all people equal
No private property
Working class should overthrow the wealthy minority
Sole Focus: the people
Stresses loyalty to the state
Believes in class superiority
Forbids/puts down opposition
Uses violence and war to invigorate the people
Sole Focus: the state
DICTATORSHIP – When a government is ruled by one, single, person
USSR: Josef Stalin (Communist)
Italy: Benito Mussolini (Fascist)
Japan: Emperor Hirohito (Fascist)
Germany: Adolf Hitler (Fascist)
Italy
Inflation- Rising Prices Unemployment Communist Led Strikes Middle & Upper Class demand
leader 1922 – Mussolini organizes
fascist group: “Black Shirts” Marches to Rome
King appoints Mussolini head of Government
“Il Duce”
Soviet Union
1917 Bolshevik Revolution – led by Lenin When Lenin died USSR on its way to prosperity
Land Bread Peace
Economy began to slow, low production led to starvation and disease
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY- Government owned all large business, private ownership of small business
1924: Stalin ends private ownership
Japan
Living Room – Japanese need more space
Military seizes Manchuria Racial superiority leads to
horrible crimes Rape of Nanking
League of Nations condemns Japan
Japan quits League of Nations
Germany
Inflation – rising Prices 1914: 4.2 Marks = $1 1919: 8.9 Marks = $1 1923: 4.2 BILLION MARKS = $1
6 Million unemployed
Treaty of VersaillesTook away coloniesTook away border territories
RhinelandSudetenlandPoland
Germany took SOLE responsibility
Weimar RepublicNot strong, military unhappy
Hitler’s Rise to Power
1889: Born in Austria 1907: Failed Art Student 1918: Decorated veteran of WWI 1919: National Socialist Party (Nazis) 1923: Wanted to imitate Mussolini’s March
to Rome Marched to Munich, Arrested, Sent to Jail
1925: “Mein Kampf” My struggle 1932: Elected, quickly moves up to
“Chancellor” 1933: Uses crisis of Reichstag Fire to be
given more control 1934: Fuhrer
Axis Powers
Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hideki Tojo, Josef Stalin
March 1936
Rhineland – Along Rhine River (between France, Germany)
Austria
March 1938
Anschluss – union – with Austria
Austria
September 1938
SUDETENLAND – Czechoslovakia
Austria
MUNICH AGREEMENT – Hitler can have Sudetenland
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini APPEASEMENT: GIVING IN TO KEEP
PEACE
"You were given the choice between war and dishonor. You chose dishonor and
you will have war."
March1939 – all of Czechoslovakia
March1939
Result: England & France Draw the line…
Versailles Treaty Checklist- Who’s next?
?Austria
France & England vow to protect Poland
September 1, 1939
England & France Declare War against Germany
September 1, 1939
BLITZKRIEG – Lightning War (throwing everything you got at ‘em)
Invading Poland might threaten whom?
NONAGGRESSION PACT: Germany & USSR Germany: I’ll leave you alone, you stay out
of my way In return I’ll give you some of the pie
ALLIES – Great Britain & France Color allied powers with blue stripes Who is next??
SITZKRIEG – “Phony War”
Winter 1939 – 1940… um…
MAGINOT LINE – Defense between France and Germany
April 1940: Germany (and Italy) attack France
June 1940 – France Falls
VICHY FRANCE – Controlled by French officials who cooperate with Hitler
1940 Allies versus Axis Powers
Who’s Hitler’s next target?
Battle of Britain - 1940
LUFTWAFFE (German Air Force) bombed London
British Royal Air Force(RAF) Fought back
Children were sent away for the “Blitz”
RADAR: detectedLuftwaffe planes
Battle of the Atlantic
"When you think how easy it is to sink ships at sea, and how hard it is to build them, and when you realise that we never had less than 2000 ships afloat, and 300 to 400 in the danger zone, and of the great Armies we are nuturing,and reinforcing in the East, and of the world wide traffic we have to carry on, when you think of all this, can you wonder that it is the Battle of the Atlantic which holds the first place in the thoughts of those upon whom the responsibility for final Victory rests.”
Allies did not have enough ships to form Convoys
Germany formed WOLF PACKS of U Boats to hunt Allied Carriers
Allied Powers used aircraft and RADAR to prevent U-Boat
attacks
Battle of Stalingrad
Summer 1941: Hitler breaks the Nonaggression Pact Invades Soviet Union USSR thus joins Allies!
Blitzkrieg quickly moves through Russia August, 1942: Nazis invade Stalingrad
Germans surrender in 1943
1,120,000 Russians Dead
850,000 Germans KIA
100,000 German POWs
6,000 POWs survivedTURNING POINT OF WAR IN EUROPE
Where is the USA??
America was staying NEUTRAL! After WWI, Americans did not want to go to
WAR again NEUTRALITY LAWS
1st: No WEAPONS for countries at WAR 2nd: CASH & CARRY: could buy weapons
with CASH LEND-LEASE
Americans would lend England WEAPONS for FREE
Pearl Harbor
TRIPARTITE PACT: Germany, Italy, Japan would help each other create a “new order”
America placed an embargo on Japanbecause of aggression
Japanese wanted toneutralize Americans
December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor is attacked FDR’s Address to America
“A day that will live in infamy”
USS Enterprise
USS Lexington
USS Saratoga
2,400 American Dead1,200 Wounded
300 planes damaged or destroyed
18 warships sunk or damaged
Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa
After France fell, the fight shifted to whom would control the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, and the Suez Canal
Italy, in Libya, tried to flush out the British from Egypt They failed
Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa
Erwin Rommel“Desert Fox”
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Operation Torch – the fight for North Africa
Rommel led brilliantly But the British won a decisive battle at
El Alamein The US entered the fight in 1941 at
Morocco, and swept east, Brits swept west
On to Italy
Do you want to “die for Mussolini and Hitler, or live for Italy and civilization?”
Italians chose life, Turned over Mussolini
Hitler pushed back Tuskegee Airmen:
segregated unit of African Americans, first pilots
Slowed towards Rome Americans landed at Anzio,
got stuck, southern troops freed them
D-Day
Operation Overlord
June 6, 1944 Paratroopers Fired on beaches 5 Beaches
Omaha - US Utah -US Gold -UK Sword -UK Juno –Can
Battle of the Bulge
December 1944 Hitler wanted to push
Allies Back during Winter!
Goal: Neutralize the Western Front
American pilots dropped supplies and bombed Axis
US causalities: 19,000 dead, 62,000 wounded
German causalities: 84,000
The Home Front
RATIONING: Conserving at home to help the war effort Fats & Oils – gunpowder and armaments Rubber Gas Metal Nylons Sugar Meat Butter
VICTORY GARDENS: to help conserve Ration Books & Points: You were only allowed to buy so
much of the above each week. Your Ration book helped you keep track
Women’s Role
VICTORY BONDS: Invest in the nation/war effort now, get your savings back later
Knitting, Collection Drives WAVES: "Women Accepted for
Volunteer Emergency Service” Joined the NAVY
Employment Women took the jobs men left
when they went to war Rosie the Riveter: propaganda
figure meant to encourage women to take men’s jobs
Propaganda
Look at your Propaganda poster with A PARTNER
Answer the questions in the Cartoon Analysis questions
Change letter D to: What TACTIC did they use to convince the
viewer? Fear Patriotism Encouragement Other?
The Problem with Propaganda…
Stand in the Place Where you… Strongly Disagree
Disagree
Strongly Agree
Agree
The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe
Anti-
Semitism
•Prejudice towards the Jewish Race
•SCAPEGOAT: person who takes blame
Nuremburg
Laws
•Aim: To humiliate the Jews
•Examples: Star of David, citizenship taken away
Kristallnacht
•German for: “Night of the Broken Glass”
•Germans broke Jewish store windows and burned synagogues
The Final Solution: Hitler’s plan to eliminate all Jews from Europe
Ghettos
•Purpose: to separate the Jews from society
•Description: Crowded, little food, thousands of killings
Concentratio
n Camps
•Purpose: kill millions Jews by work & murder
•Description: Little food, filthy, disease, crematoriums, shootings, gassings
Holocaus
t
•Definition: the systematic killing of Jews, gypsies, disabled, Communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Catholics, Homosexuals, and other groups during WWII
The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire race, ethnicity, or religious group
Genocide
How to Analyze a Primary Source
WATCHING NEIGHBORS
AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, JUNE 20, 1943
Jews assembled for transport to theWesterbork transit camp (a way station to the Auschwitz killing center), in a photograph taken clandestinely from a nearby building. Neighborhood boys watch from the corner (left) and other local residents from their window (center).
Do Now:
You should
be working quietly,
as individuals, for about 5 minutes
Group work
should be
productive and
ON TASK
Analyze your primary source Observe it without writing
anything down for about a minute
Answer the questions on your form
If your question doesn’t apply to you write N/A
When everyone is done, share what you know about the image, and how it was a sign of the coming genocide
Evaluating the Evidence
Which one piece of evidence will you bring to
FDR?
What 3 questions
will he ask?
Which images are
most powerful/least powerful?
Millions of Europeans (and Americans) did nothing when these initial steps to the holocaust began in 1935. Had the Europeans stepped forward and done something when the Jews were being humiliated and separated, the Holocaust might have been prevented. Knowing this now, how can this knowledge help you change the culture of our school in regards to bullying, hazing, and ostracizing others?
Reflection Collins Type I
Internment Camps
Executive order 9066 Armed forces power to establish military zones Forced people to leave zones Remove Japanese Americans from Western US
Camps in Southwest Only factor was racial background
Internment Camps: only allowed to bring what they could carry. Homes, businesses, left behind Life was hard – harsh climate, barbed wire, armed guards
442nd Regimental Combat Team: highest awarded regiment in history Lost 800 men saving Texan 1st Batallian Received more than 18,000 individual decorations
Yalta Conference – January 1945 FDR (elected for the FOURTH time) Churchill Stalin Meet in resort town in Russia What do we do with Germany when we win??
Divide the country into SECTORS US Soviets British French
Elections in Poland USSR would declare war on Japan within 3
months of German defeat
Crossing the Rhine - March 1945
April 12, 1945
Eisenhower decides to allow USSR to take Berlin
After Hitler’s death, German armies scattered
May 7 Germans agree to a surrender VE DAY: MAY 8, 1945, Victory in Europe
Day
April 30, 1945
Island Hopping – US strategy in Pacific, targeting weaker islands to reach Japan
Douglas MacArthur – led men to defend Philippines, forced to leave men “I will return.” Bataan Death March: 5 days marching to RR, thousands killedMay, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea: Aircraft Carriers, 1st stop in Japanese AdvanceJune, 1942 , Midway: Japanese lured US into sea battle by attacking island, we knew planFebruary 1945, Iwo Jima: rugged terrain, caves & tunnels – 7000 US, 20,000 JapaneseAugust, 1942: Guadalcanal: 6 months, bloody fighting: put Japan on the run!April, 1945: Okinawa launching pad for final invasion of Japan 110,000 Japanese killed – would fight to last manOctober, 1944: Leyete Gulf – Return to Philippines, largest Naval Battle…Kamikaze (divebombers)December 7, 1941: limited US ability to strike back, major boost for Japanese pride
US Strengths:Focus on Weaker IslandsSoviets eased pressure in EuropeWar ProductionNavajo Code Talkers!
Fought bravely without support10,000 US
60,000 FilipinoRetreat
1st naval battle where ships didn’t see each other
Use of Aircraft – from ships!Turning Point of the War!
Major Blow to Japanese Navy
TOKYO EXPRESS:Japanese would load and
supply ships in the middle of the night
7,000 US20,000 Japanese Died
Japanese would hold fire until US soldiers were close
Mt. Suribachi
US Casualties: 75,00094 % Japanese soldiers died
150,000 civilians died
Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein comes to America! Writes a Letter describing atomic
bomb to FDR Los Alamos, New Mexico Top-Secret American program to
build Atomic Bomb Motivated by the idea that Germany
was already working on a bomb of their own
HARRY S TRUMAN – knew nothing about the project
July 26 – issued a demand for Japan’s surrender
Hiroshima –August 6, 1945
ENOLA GAY – American B-29 dropped “Little Boy”
80,000 people died immediately
35,000 injured 2/3 of the citiy’s 90,000
buildings destroyed Japan’s leaders took no
action to end the war
Nagasaki –August 9, 1945
“Fat Boy” 40,000 dead Emperor Hirohito
favored surrender Military leaders resisted VJ DAY- August 15