VLSM (Subnetting Classless)
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Transcript of VLSM (Subnetting Classless)
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Subnetting:
Mtodo para poder dividir una red principal desde una perspectiva lgica
Puede ser de 2 tipos:
Subnetting Classfull Divisin lgica igual para todas las subredes
Subnetting Classless Divisin lgica diferente en cada subred segn sea necesari
Entonces para esto se requiere manejar un nuevo concepto: VLSM
VLSM Variable Length Subnetting
Mscara de Subred de Longitud Variable
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Requerimiento: Enrutamiento RIP v2
Clase "B": 172.16.0.0 (Id Red) Cul es el valor de "n"?
255.255.0.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 16
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la red especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 16) - 2 = 65,534 hosts
Paso 1: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 8,000 hosts
(2 ^ n) - 2 >= 8,000
2 ^ n >= 8,002
n ~ 13
Entonces:
Paso 2: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Predeterminada /16 255.255.0.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 32
0 0 0
1 1 1
128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 3: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (1 Subnetting) para 8,000 hosts
Id Red Principal 172.16.0.0 Clase "B"
N Subredes Totales = 2 m =
N Subredes Disponibles = (2 m) - 2 =
m = 3
Red Principal "B" : 172.16.0.0
m = 16 bits - 13 bits (n)
m = 3
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6 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 32
0 0 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 32
FI
S1 172.16.0.0 + 32
S2 172.16.32.0 + 32
S3 172.16.64.0 + 32
S4 172.16.96.0 + 32
S5 172.16.128.0 + 32
S6 172.16.160.0 + 32
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 n) - 2
IP's Validas x Subred:
S1 172.16.32.0 /19
Paso 4: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (2 Subnetting) para 4,000 hosts
Subred elegida: 172.16.64.0 /19
Subred: 172.16.64.0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?
255.255.224.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 13
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 13) - 2 = 8,190 hosts
Paso 4a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 4,000 hosts
(2 ^ n) - 2 >= 4,000
2 ^ n >= 4,002
n ~ 12
m = 3
Subred elegida:
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Entonces:
Paso 4b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /19 255.255.224.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 32
1 1 1
1 1 1
128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 4c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 2 Subnetting para 4,000 hosts
Id Subred 172.16.64.0
N Subredes Totales = 2 m =
2 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 32
0 1 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 16
FIS1 172.16.64.0 + 0
S2 172.16.64.0 + 16
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 n) - 2 =
Subred elegida:
m = 13 bits - 12 bits (n)
m = 1
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IP's Validas x Subred:
Primer Host
S1 172.16.64.0 /20 172.16.64.1
Paso 5: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (3 Subnetting) para 2,000 hosts
Subred elegida: 172.16.80.0 /20
Subred: 172.16.80.0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?
255.255.240.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 12
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 12) - 2 = 4,094 hosts
Paso 5a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 2,000 hosts
(2 n) - 2 >= 2,000
2 ^ n >= 2,002
n ~ 11
Entonces:
Paso 5b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /20 255.255.240.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 32
1 1 1
1 1 1
128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 5c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 3 Subnetting para 2,000 hosts
m = 12 bits - 11 bits (n)
m = 1
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Id Subred 172.16.80.0
N Subredes Totales = 2 m =
2 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 32
0 1 0
FI: Factor de Incremento: 8
FIS1 172.16.80.0 + 0
S2 172.16.80.0 + 8
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 n) - 2 =
IP's Validas x Subred:
Primer HostS1 172.16.80.0 /21 172.16.80.1
Paso 6: Calcular las Subredes respectivas (4 Subnetting) para 2 hosts
Subred: 172.16.88.0 /21
Subred: 172.16.88.0 (Id Subred) Cul es el valor de "n"?
255.255.248.0 (Mascara Subred) Entonces n = 11
Cuntos hosts vlidos puede tener la subred especificada?
(2 ^ n) - 2 = (2 ^ 11) - 2 = 2,046 hosts
Paso 6a: Calcular el valor de "n" necesario para tener 2 hosts
(2 ^ n) - 2 >= 2
Subred elegida:
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2 ^ n >= 4
n ~ 2
Entonces:
Paso 6b: Calcular el nuevo valor de la mscara de subred
M. Subred Personalizada /21 255.255.248.0
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
128 64 32
1 1 1
1 1 1
128 64 32
M. Subred Personalizada: 255 255
Paso 6c: Calcular las Subredes respectivas del 4 Subnetting para 2 hosts
Id Subred 172.16.88.0
N Subredes Totales = 2 m =
N Subredes Disponibles = (2 m) - 2 =
510 Subredes: 172 16
128 64 32 16
0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1128 64 32 16
Factor de Incremento: 4 (Cuarto Octeto)
S1 172.16.88.0
S2 172.16.88.0
( Tercer
m = 11 bits - 2 bits (n)
m = 9 bits
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S3 172.16.88.4
S4 172.16.88.8
S5 172.16.88.12
S512
N hosts vlidos x subred: (2 n) - 2
IP's Validas x Subred:
S1 172.16.88.4 /30
S2 172.16.88.8 /30
S3 172.16.88.12 /30
Sub
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(n = N bits del Id Host)
0 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
224
224 0 CIDR: /19
2 ^ 3 = 8 subredes
(2 3) - 2 = 6 subredes
/16
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0 0
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
172.16.32.0
172.16.64.0
172.16.96.0
172.16.128.0
172.16.160.0
172.16.192.0
172.16.32.0
= (2 ^ 13) - 2 = 8,190 hosts
Primer Host Ultimo Host
172.16.32.1 ~ 172.16.63.254 8190 Hosts
(n = N bits del Id Host)
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224 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
m = 1
1
16 240
240 0 CIDR: /20
2 ^ 1 = 2 subredes
64 0
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
1
m = 1
172.16.64.0 /20
/20
172.16.64.0 /20
(2 12) - 2 = 4,094 hosts
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Ultimo Host
~ 172.16.79.254 4094 Hosts
(n = N bits del Id Host)
240 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0
m = 11 1
16 8 248
248 0 CIDR: /21
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2 ^ 1 = 2 subredes
80 0
16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 0 0
1
m = 1
172.16.80.0 /21
172.16.88.0 /21
172.16.80.0 /21
(2 11) - 2 = 2,046 hosts
Ultimo Host~ 172.16.87.254 2046 Hosts
(n = N bits del Id Host)
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248 0 (base 10)
16 8 4 2 1 128 64
1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 255 1 1
16 8 4 2 1 128 64
255 252 CIDR: /30
2 ^ 9 = 512 subredes
(2 9) - 2 = 510 subredes
88 0
8 4 2 1 128 64 32
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 08 4 2 1 128 64 32
FI
+ 0 172.16.88.0 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.4 /30
m = 9
m = 9
Octeto)
( Tercer Octeto)
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+ 4 172.16.88.8 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.12 /30
+ 4 172.16.88.16 /30
+ 4 /30
172.16.88.4 /30172.16.88.8 /30
172.16.88.12 /30
= (2 ^ 2) - 2 = 2 hosts
Primer Host Ultimo Host
172.16.88.5 ~ 172.16.88.6 2 Hosts
172.16.88.9 ~ 172.16.88.10 2 Hosts
172.16.88.13 ~ 172.16.88.14 2 Hosts
redes elegidas:
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32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 252
32 16 8 4
16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 016 8 4
( Cuarto Octeto)
( Cuarto Octeto)
