WWIWWI“THE “THE

GREAT GREAT WAR”WAR”

KingKing George VGeorge V of of EnglandEngland & & CzarCzar Nicholas IINicholas II of of RussiaRussia

Kaiser Kaiser William II William II of of GermanyGermany & & CzarCzar NicholasNicholas IIII of of RussiaRussia

M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI

MilitarismMilitarism

As this occurs, rivals feel threatened and As this occurs, rivals feel threatened and build up their build up their militarymilitary strength toostrength too..

•Nations Nations increase increase

their their military military

strength to strength to reach their reach their

goals.goals.

Alliances• Defense agreements

between nations to aid

each other, especially

during war.

Imperialism•A

nation’s desire to grow and expand its territories.

Nationalism The

feeling of intense

pride and loyalty to

one's countryTwo wounded British soldiers walk with wounded German soldier.

IE: Intense patriotism to the IE: Intense patriotism to the point that one is willing to point that one is willing to

sacrifice and even lay down sacrifice and even lay down their life.their life.

Short Term Cause of WWI

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austro-

Hungarian Empire, was the

spark that caused the war,

on June 28, 1914.

The Archduke The Archduke was killed by was killed by 19 year old 19 year old

Gavrilio Princip Gavrilio Princip member of the member of the ““Black Hand,Black Hand,”” a a

SerbianSerbian nationalist nationalist group who group who believed believed Austro-Austro-

Hungarian rule Hungarian rule would destroy would destroy his homeland.his homeland.

Picture during the arrest. Picture during the arrest.

Watch the Dominos

Fall !!!

Austro-Hungarian

Empire sent demands to

Serbian government.Serbia rejected

demands.

With the help of

Germany, the Austro-

Hungarian Empire

declared war on Serbia…

Germany declared war

on Russia (ally of

Serbia)…

Germany declared war on France (ally of

Russia) and marched on

neutral Belgium and

Luxemburg.

Great Britain declared war on Germany (ally

sworn to protect

Belgium).

Central Powers Central Powers versus the Alliesversus the Allies

Allied PowersAllied Powers France British Empire Serbia Belgium Russia 1917 United States

Central Powers Central Powers versus the Alliesversus the Allies

Central Powers German Empire Austro-

Hungarian Empire

Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

Pictured: Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany, Pictured: Kaiser Wilhelm II, Germany, Enver Pasha Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Enver Pasha Ottoman Empire (Turkey),

Emperor Franz Joseph, Austro Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph, Austro Hungarian Empire (Austria/Hungary). Empire (Austria/Hungary).

Reasons for United States

Involvement in WWI The U.S. could The U.S. could

no longer no longer remain remain neutralneutral

in face of in face of increasing increasing

threatsthreats to its to its national national

interests.interests.

1. The U.S. could no longer remain neutral; 2. the U.S. had close economic

and political ties to England.

What were the 4 reasons the United States entered

into World War I?

3. German 3. German unrestrictedunrestricted submarinesubmarine warfare (to warfare (to prevent supplies prevent supplies from reaching from reaching England): sinking England): sinking of the of the LusitaniaLusitania

German unrestricted submarine German unrestricted submarine warfarewarfareThe Germans shot at any ships The Germans shot at any ships without warning — a violation of without warning — a violation of international lawinternational law

Interception of the Interception of the Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram

4. The Zimmerman Telegram offered Mexico the land it lost to the U.S. during the Mexican War if Mexico would align itself with Germany in the event that the U.S. entered the War.

This outraged Americans.

April 6, April 6, 1917:1917: Congress Congress declared declared war war on on GermanyGermany

What occurred when What occurred when American troops went to war?American troops went to war?

President Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

provided leadership during the war, along with his commander,

General John Pershing, who led the American

Expeditionary Force of American soldiers, called

doughboys, in Europe.

On October 4, 1918 -the Germans

requested an

armistice, or an

agreement to end

the fighting.

The armistice began on November 11, 1918.11th day, 11th month, 11thhour

United States United States leadership as leadership as the war endedthe war ended

January 1919 January 1919 – world leaders gather in Paris, France for a

peace conference.

At the end of World War I,

President Wilson prepared a peace plan, called the

Fourteen Points.

This plan called for the

formation of the League of

Nations, which would be a

peacekeeping organization.

The Allies disagreed on how to The Allies disagreed on how to ““punishpunish” the” the Central Central Powers.Powers. Wilson did not want to punish them – Wilson did not want to punish them –

other allies sought other allies sought revengerevenge..

Eventually, Germany was forced to accept responsibility for the war and agree to pay money for war damages…

No more weapons.No more colonies.

U. S. President Wilson Britain David Lloyd George France George Clemenceau Italy Victorio Orlando

Countries who made up the Treaty of Versailles and their

leaders…

American Opposition Wilson presented the

Treaty of Versailles to the U.S. Senate in July 1919 for ratification. The Senate had to approve

the treaty before the U.S could officially accept it.

Many Americans did not trust the idea of a League of Nations.

American Opposition The Treaty of

Versailles was rejected in 1920 by the United States. The U.S. did NOT join the

League of Nations.

In 1921 the U.S. signed a separate treaty with each of the Central Powers, officially ending the war.

World War I EndsWorld War I Ends