WRAP Fugitive Dust Emission Summary and Evaluation (AoH Phase II/TSS Task 7b)

WRAP Fugitive Dust EmissionSummary and Evaluation

(AoH Phase II/TSS Task 7b)

ENVIRON International Corporation

15 November 2005

Tempe, AZ

Outline

• Project Objectives• Fugitive Dust Source Categories• Emission Estimation Methodologies• 2002 Annual County-level Summaries• 2002 Annual Gridded Summaries• PM2.5/PM10 Ratios• Next Steps

Project Objectives• Summarize all fugitive dust emission sources

• Evaluate dust emissions for reasonableness and consistency– Review estimation methodologies (AP-42, State/local studies,

regional models, etc..)

– Review fine fraction (PM10/PM2.5)

• Develop SCC-level summaries:– County-level– Model-ready, gridded

• Develop summaries by geographic region• Consider 2002 and 2018 EIs

Fugitive Dust Source Categories• Agricultural Dust

– Harvesting– Tilling– Transport– Feedlots

• Construction Dust– Mining/Quarrying– Road Construction– Residential– Industrial/Commercial/Institutional

• Road Dust– Paved– Unpaved

• Windblown Dust

Estimation Methodologies

• Agricultural Tilling– 2002 NEI grown from 1998

• Growth factors vary by tilling type (0.77 – 1.16)– Activity is acres tilled by type and crop (from CTIC)– EF = 4.8*k*s0.6*p

• k=particle size multiplier (PM10 = 0.21; PM2.5 = 0.042)• S = silt content (USDA data; varies by soil type)• P = # of passes/tilling per year (varies by crop)

– E = EF * A


• Construction – Residential– Emissions are function of acres disturbed and volume of soil

excavated (varies by type of structure)– Activity data (housing starts by structure type) from Dept. of

Commerce – Emission factors vary by structure type and duration of

construction (0.011 tons PM10/acre-month – 0.11 tons PM10/acre-month)

– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control efficiency


• Construction – Non-Residential– Emissions are function of acres disturbed – Activity data (value of construction in $MM, allocated from

national to county based on employment statistics) from Dept. of Commerce

– Number of acres disturbed estimated as 1.55 acres/$MM applied to county-level construction valuation data

– Emission factor = 0.19 tons/acre/month (assumed 11 month construction duration)

– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control efficiency


• Road Construction – Emissions are function of acres disturbed; developed from

FHWA data– State-level new miles of road construction from 2002 FHWA

state expenditure data by road type– Converted to $/mile using NCDOT conversion data; converted

to acres disturbed/mile by road type– State data allocated to county based on residential building

starts– Emission factor = 0.42 tons/acre/month; assumed 12 month

duration– Adjustments applied for soil moisture, silt content and control

efficiency

Estimation Methodologies• Paved Road Dust

– Uncontrolled emissions estimated at state level by roadway class and month– Calculated as State/Roadway class VMT * TAF * EF– Spatially allocated to counties based using VMT surrogate– Controls applied to Non-Attainment counties – EF = [k*(sL/2)0.65 *(W/3)1.5-C]*[1-P/(4*N)]

• k= particle size multiplier (PM10 = 7.3;PM2.5 = 1.8)• sL = silt loading • W= avg. vehicle weight• C = EF for 1980 fleet• N= # days in month• P= # days with precip. > 0.01 in

– Annual VMT data from FHWA Statistics– County emissions = State Emissions * (VMTcounty/VMTState)– Assumed control measure: Vacuum sweeping twice/month; 79% control

efficiency.; Rule penetration varies by roadway class and NA status; 100% Rule Effectiveness

Estimation Methodologies• Unpaved Road Dust

– Uncontrolled emissions estimated at state level by roadway class and month

– Calculated as State/Roadway class VMT * TAF * EF– Spatially allocated to counties based using 1990 rural population surrogate– Controls applied to Non-Attainment counties – EF = [k*(s/12)a *(SPD/30)b]/(M/0.5)c-C

• k= particle size multiplier (PM10 = 0.27;PM2.5 = 1.8)• s = silt loading • SPD = mean vehicle speed• M = moisture content• C = EF for 1980 fleet• a,b,c = empirical constants

– EF adjusted for precip: Efcorr= EF * [(D-p)/D)]• D = # days in month• P = # days with precip > 0.01 in.


• Unpaved Road Dust (continued)– Annual VMT data from FHWA Statistics

• Separate estimates for county and non-county roadways• County-maintained VMT by road type and ADTV• State/Federal-maintained VMT by arterial classification;

county-maintained VMT used

– Annual VMT estimates allocated seasonally and monthly– County emissions = State Emissions * (Rural Pop.county/Rural

Pop.State)

– Assumed control measures vary by Non-Attainment classification (paving and/or chemical stabilization). Control efficiency, rule penetration and rule effectiveness vary


• Windblown Dust– WRAP Phase II WB Dust Model– 2000 Landuse/Landcover data

• BELD3 county-level crop percentages– STATSGO Soils data– 2002 MM5 Meteorology (36- and 12-km)– Latest Transport Fractions (EPA, 2005)– PMC/PMF = 0.9/0.1

RPO-Specific Revisions/Enhancements• WRAP

– Road Dust – Developed by ENVIRON. • CA emissions interpolated from previous EI development• Unpaved VMT based on NET96 updated with state survey

results• VMT data adjusted based on Clark Co. ADTV revisions factor• Silt loading from IL State Water Survey• Precipitation data from NCDC• Applicable control measures from State survey results

– Agricultural Dust - Developed by ERG based on 2002 draft NEI (gap-filled by EPA/Pechan). Additional state submissions included as part of WRAP EI Update process.

– Construction Dust - 2002 NEI estimates submitted by States

RPO-Specific Revisions/Enhancements• CENRAP

– Agricultural Dust – Developed by STI based on local activity data, county-level silt loading and tilling practices, monthly allocation by state. Includes some livestock feedlot dust emissions

– Construction and Road Dust from 2002 NEI

• VISTAS– 2002 NEI State submissions for all sources

• MWRPO– Agricultural and Construction Dust (IL & IN only) - Based on 2002 State CERR

data – Road Dust – WRAP 2002 inventory data – All Fugitive dust emissions dramatically reduce through application of transport

fractions (90%-97%). Based on monitoring data analyzed by LADCO

• MANE-VU– 2002 NEI for all dust sources

2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory

All PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000A

KA

ZC

AC

O ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY

AR IA KS

LA

MN

MO

NE

OK

TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH

NJ

NY

PA R

IV

T IL IN AL

FL

GA

KY

MS

NC

SC TN

VA

WV

Ca

na

da

ME

XIC

O

WRAP CENRAP MANE-VU MW VISTAS

State

PM

10

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads -

Construction

Agricultural

All PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000A

KA

ZC

AC

O ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY

AR IA KS

LA

MN

MO

NE

OK

TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH

NJ

NY

PA R

IV

T IL IN AL

FL

GA

KY

MS

NC

SC TN

VA

WV


State

PM

10

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads -

Construction

Agricultural



All PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

AK

AZ

CA

CO ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY

AR IA KS

LA

MN

MO

NE

OK

TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH

NJ

NY

PA R

IV

T IL IN AL

FL

GA

KY

MS

NC

SC TN

VA

WV

Ca

na

da

ME

XIC

O


State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads -

Construction

Agricultural

All PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

AK

AZ

CA

CO ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY

AR IA KS

LA

MN

MO

NE

OK

TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH

NJ

NY

PA R

IV

T IL IN AL

FL

GA

KY

MS

NC

SC TN

VA

WV


State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads -

Construction

Agricultural



WRAP 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group

Agricultural32%

Construction23%

Paved Roads3%

Unpaved Roads42%


WRAP PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

AK AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

10

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads

Construction

Agricultural


WRAP PM2.5 Dust Emissions (tpy)

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

AK AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads

Paved Roads

Construction

Agricultural


Agricultural PM10 Dust Emissions (tpy) by State

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

10

(tp

y)

Agriculture - Crops - Transport

Agriculture - Crops - Tilling

Agriculture - Crops - Harvesting


Agricultural PM2.5 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

AZ CA CO ID MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

2.5

(tp

y)





Construction PM10 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

10

(tp

y)

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional -Total

Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - AllProcesses - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - RoadConstruction - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Vehicle Traffic

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Total


Construction PM2.5 Dust Emissions by State (tpy)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY

WRAP

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional -Total

Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - AllProcesses - Total


Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Vehicle Traffic

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Residential - Total


PM10 Road Dust Emissions (tpy)

WRAP States

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

AZ CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID

State

PM

10

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads - All UnpavedRoads - Total: Fugitives

Paved Roads - All Paved Roads -Total: Fugitives


PM2.5 Road Dust Emissions (tpy)

WRAP States

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

AZ CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID

State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads - All UnpavedRoads - Total: Fugitives

Paved Roads - All Paved Roads -Total: Fugitives


2002 Agricultural PM10 Dust Emissions

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

AL

AR

CT

DC

DE FL

GA IA IL IN KS

KY LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH NJ

NY

OH

OK PA RI

SC

TN TX VA

VT WI

WV

State

PM

10 (

tpy)

Beef cattle - finishing operations onfeedlots (drylots) Agriculture - Crops - Transport




2002 Agricultural PM2.5 Dust Emissions

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

AL

AR

CT

DC

DE FL

GA IA IL IN KS

KY LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH NJ

NY

OH

OK PA RI

SC

TN TX VA

VT WI

WV

State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Beef cattle - finishing operations onfeedlots (drylots) Agriculture - Crops - Transport




2002 Construction/Mining PM10 Dust Emissions

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

AL

AR

CT

DC

DE

FL

GA IA IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH

NJ

NY

OH

OK

PA R

IS

CT

NT

XV

A VT

WI

W

State

PM

10 (

tpy)

Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - VehicleTraffic

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 -Industrial/Commercial/Institutional - Total


2002 Construction/Mining PM2.5 Dust Emissions

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

AL

AR

CT

DC

DE

FL

GA IA IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH

NJ

NY

OH

OK

PA R

IS

CT

NT

XV

A VT

WI

W

State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction - Total

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential - VehicleTraffic




2002 Road Dust PM10 Emissions

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000A

LA

RC

TD

CD

EF

LG

A IA IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH

NJ

NY

OH

OK

PA R

IS

CT

NT

XV

A VT

WI

W

State

PM

10 (

tpy)

Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads -Total: Fugitives

Paved Roads - All Paved Roads - Total:Fugitives

2002 Fugitive Dust Inventory2002 Road Dust PM2.5 Emissions

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

AL

AR

CT

DC

DE

FL

GA IA IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME MI

MN

MO

MS

NC

NE

NH

NJ

NY

OH

OK

PA R

IS

CT

NT

XV

A VT

WI

W

State

PM

2.5

(tp

y)

Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads -Total: Fugitives


CENRAP 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group

Agricultural24%

Construction11%

Paved Roads7%

Unpaved Roads58%

MANEVU 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group

Agricultural6%

Construction22%

Paved Roads33%

Unpaved Roads39%

MW 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group

Agricultural93%

Construction7%

VISTAS 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by Group

Agricultural0%

Construction0%

Paved Roads29%

Unpaved Roads71%


Total 2002 Dust PM10 Emissions by RPO

WRAP21%

CENRAP50%

MW5%

MANE-VU9%

VISTAS15%

Gridded PM10 Fugitive Dust Emissions

(includes Transport Fractions)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000 A

L A

R A

Z C

A C

O C

T D

E F

L G

A IA ID IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME

MI

MN

MO

MS

MT

NC

ND

NE

NH

NJ

NM

NV

NY

OH

OK

OR

PA R

I S

C S

D T

N T

X U

T V

A V

T W

A W

I W

V W

Y

State

Ton

s/Y

ea

r

Ag/Const/MiningRoad DustWindblown Dust

Gridded PM2.5 Fugitive Dust Emissions


0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000 A

L A

R A

Z C

A C

O C

T D

E F

L G

A IA ID IL IN KS

KY

LA

MA

MD

ME

MI

MN

MO

MS

MT

NC

ND

NE

NH

NJ

NM

NV

NY

OH

OK

OR

PA R

I S

C S

D T

N T

X U

T V

A V

T W

A W

I W

V W

Y

State

Ton

s/Y

ea

r


Gridded PM10 Fugitive Dust Emissions


0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

AZ

CA

CO ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD

UT

WA

WY

State

Ton

s/Y

ea

r


Gridded PM2.5 Fugitive Dust Emissions


0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000 A

Z

CA

CO ID MT

ND

NM

NV

OR

SD

UT

WA

WY

State

Ton

s/Y

ea

r


Spatial Distribution of Fugitive Dust Emissions

Proposed Revisions to Fine Fraction RatiosUsed for AP-42 Fugitive Dust Emission Factors

Source Category AP-42

SectionPM2.5/PM10 Ratio

Current Proposed

Paved Roads 13.2.1 0.25 0.15

Unpaved Roads 13.2.2 0.15 0.10

Construction & Demolition

-- 0.208 0.10

Aggregate Handling/Storage Piles

13.2.4 0.314 0.10 (traffic)

0.15 (transfer)

Industrial Wind Erosion

13.2.5 0.40 0.15

Agricultural Tilling -- 0.222 0.20

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios

Ratio of PM2.5/PM10 by State

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID

WRAP

PM

2.5/

PM

10 Agricultural

Construction

Paved Roads -

Unpaved Roads

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios


0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

0.500

AK AZ CA CO MT ND NM NV OR SD UT WA WY ID

WRAP






Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential -Vehicle Traffic


Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes- Total


Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads - Total:Fugitives

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios


0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

AK AZ

CA

CO

MT

ND

NM NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY ID AR IA KS LA MN

MO

NE

OK TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH NJ

NY

PA RI

VT IL IN

Can

ada

ME

XIC

O

WRAP CENRAP MANE MW

PM

2.5/

PM

10 Agricultural

Construction

Paved Roads -

Unpaved Roads

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios


0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300

0.350

0.400

0.450

0.500

AK AZ

CA

CO

MT

ND

NM NV

OR

SD UT

WA

WY ID AR IA KS LA MN

MO

NE

OK TX

CT

DC

DE

MA

MD

ME

NH NJ

NY

PA RI

VT IL IN

Can

ada

ME

XIC

O

WRAP CENRAP MANE MW

PM

2.5/

PM

10




Beef cattle - finishing operations on feedlots(drylots)



Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Residential -Vehicle Traffic

Construction: SIC 15 - 17 - Road Construction- Total

Mining and Quarrying: SIC 14 - All Processes- Total


Unpaved Roads - All Unpaved Roads - Total:Fugitives

PM2.5/PM10 - Road Dust

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

PM2.5 (tpy)

pm

10

(tp

y)

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios from Gridded Data

PM2.5/PM10 - Ag/Const/Mining

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

PM2.5 (tpy)

pm

10

(tp

y)

PM2.5/PM10 Ratios from Gridded Data

Next Steps

• Revise PM2.5/PM10 fractions (??)

• Evaluate/Summarize Revisions for Base02a

• Evaluate 2018 inventory

• Prepare Technical Memorandum

WRAP Fugitive Dust Emission Summary and Evaluation (AoH Phase II/TSS Task 7b)

Documents

Transcript of WRAP Fugitive Dust Emission Summary and Evaluation (AoH Phase II/TSS Task 7b)