ThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sSeventhProgrammeforresearch,

technologicaldevelopmentanddemonstrationundergrantagreementNo608702.

WP2 - Project Initiation

Key Innovation

Form

V2G

DELIVERABLE INFORMATION

Number D2.1 Reviewers BenjaminGiron(HESP)

Title KeyInnovationForms Nature R–Report

Leadorganization Hespul Disseminationlevel PU–Public;

Mainauthor(s) PaulBierman DeliveryDate

Contributors Celina Kroon, Ruben

vanLoon

Reviewers YAraghi

VERSION HISTORY

Version Date Author/Reviewer Description1.0 30/9/2016 PaulBierman Author1

stdraft

2.0 30/9/2016 CelinaKroon,RubenvanLoon Contributors

3.0 10/10/2016 YAraghi Review

4.0

5.0

Smart-Grids

Cityzen-KIf-LIAN-IntegrationV2G.docx p.2/3

KeyInnovationForm–V2GNON-TECHNICALSUMMARY

MAIN INFORMATION

• Subtitle(ifany):IntegrationofElectricVehiclesandVehicletogrid(V2G)

• Principle:The objective is to demonstrate a V2G concept,wherethebatteryofenelectriccar(EV)isusedfortemporary storage of electricity and to determinetheeffectofV2Gontheelectricity-grid.ByusingmultipleEV’sand(bi-directional)chergers,theDSOcantesthowV2Gtechnologyand-servicescaninfluenceandsupportthegridstability.Viathedemonstrationproject,socialandregulatorybarierswillbecomevisible.Alsonewservices,deliveredbymarketpartiessuchasaggregators,willbetestedinthe demonstration. For example how aggregatedstorageinEV-battteriesandenergymanagementsystemswhicharrangeforflexibledemand,canbemadeavailablefortheDSOinregionswithgrid-congestionproblems.

• Location:Amsterdam

• District:-

• WorkProgress?Small scale pilot in Lochem, as predecessor forCityzenproject, startedwith installationof first bi-directional charger. Preparations for locationstudiesinAmsterdam-areastarted.

• Tobevisited?

Location(s) with bi-directional chargers installed inAmsterdam expected to be visited from Q1/Q22017

OPPORTUNITIES, BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS

Opportunities Barriers/Challenges Solutions

Technical(/Geographical)

• V2Gtechnologyenablesmoreefficientusageoflocalproducedelectricity(PV)and/orsupportingthestabilityofthelocalelectricitygrid,bymakingavailablebatterystoragecapacitythatisalreadypresentinEV’s.

• Thetechnologycanbeusedathousehold-andbuilding-level,or(viaaggregationofmultiplechargers)atthelevelofstreetsorcity-districts

• Bi-directionalchargersneedtobedevelopedasmass-product,enablinglargescaleintroductionoftheconceptatsuitablecost-level

• EV’sneedtobesuitabletochargeanddischarge

• Producersofbi-directionalchargersshouldbechallengedtocomewithmass–scaleproducts

• TheautomotiveindustryneedtoadapttheEVsuchthatitisabletosupportV2Gtechnology

Political/Legal

• Whatarepoliticalorlegalinstrumentsthatallowforimplementation(percountry)

• OwnersofEV’scanchargetheirEVathome,attheofficeoratpublicchargers

• Currentlyhome-ownersmayfeedupto5000kWhintothegrid(inNL),whichtakesawaytheincentivetostorgeelectricitythatisnotbeingconsumeddirectly

• Privatehouseholdarenotallowedtotradeenergythemselves

• DSO’sarenotallowedtousetariffsthatareflexibleovertime

• Stopthe‘salderingsregeling’inNL• Changelegislationthatallowsforflexibletariffs

Financial/Economic

• ThebusinesscaseforV2GcanbevalidatedinpracticewithintheCity-zenproject

• ThecostforV2Gtechnologycanbeloweredwhenitismass-produced

• ThereisnofinancialincentiveforhouseholdstostoreenergywhenthereisoverproductionofPV-electricity.

• MakingavailablebatterycapacityattimesaDSOcanusethiscannotberewardedbytheDSOduetothefactitcannotuseflexibletariffs

• Changelegislation(seeLegal)

Social

• CityZenscanbenefitfrombatterycapacitythatallowsformoreefficientusageofownPV-productionandtheEV

• EV-ownerscanbeafraidoflossofflexibilityinusingtheEV(hastobeconnectedtothechargermoreoften)

• Makeclear,basedonreultsformCityzen,thatV2GtechnologydoesnotnessecarilymeanslessflexibilityinusageoftheEV.Letthemexperiencethisinademo-environment

Environmental • Moreefficientusageofsustainableproducedelectricity.

• None

• None

NEWS & LINKS

• http://www.cityzen-smartcity.eu/vehicle2grid

KeyInnovationForm–V2G

Cityzen-KIf-LIAN-IntegrationV2G.docx p.3/3

TECHNICALSUMMARY

DESCRIPTION OF THE INNOVATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE SELECTION

Developing technology and services that support bi-directional chargingof EV’s,make it possible tounlock the storagepotential in EV-batteries. The batteries are already there for ‘normal’ usage of the car and can, with V2G technology,additionallymakeitpossibletoincreasethebenefitofself-production(withPV)andsupporttheDSOingridstabilisation.By testing the technology and services in a real life demonstration product, valuable information can be gathered forfutherdevelopmentanddeploymemtofthetechnology.

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

SpecifytheTechnologyReadinessLevel(TRL),regardingtheEuropeanComissionscale(markthecorrespondingcheckbox

TRL 1: Basic principles observed x

TRL 2: Technology concept formulated x

TRL 3: Experimental proof of concept x

TRL 4 Technology validated in lab x

TRL 5 Technology validated in relevant environment x

TRL 6 Technology demonstrated in relevant environment x

TRL 7 System prototype demonstration in operational environment x

TRL 8 System complete and qualified

TRL 9 Actual system proven in operational environment

Currentlyanexistingprototype(pre-production-model)isbeingdeployedinapilotprojectinLochem.

WHAT ARE THE MOST RELEVANT DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS?

§ VehicletoGridLochem–testforbi-directionalcharingofelectricvehicles.

EXPECTED IMPACTS OF THE INNOVATION

Thissectionpresentstheinformationonimpactssuppliedintheinnovation/solutionproposalaswellastheexpertassessmentbytherelevantworkinggroupmembers.Ifthesolutionproposaldoesnotpresentthisinformation,theproviderofthesolutionhastobecontactedtoassistintheprovisionofthisinformation.Wherepossible,thedraftingoftheKIFs,shouldinvolvethestakeholderthatsubmittedtheproposedsolution.

¨ ImpactonEnergy(supplyorsavings)&greenhousegasreductionexpected

TheV2G technologywill stimulate self consumptionofownproducedelectricity (withPV). FacilitationofPVgeneratedenergywillreducetheuseofcarbon(gas/coal)generatedenergy,thusreducingCO2emmisions.Thisquantityisnotpre-determined.Alsothetechnologyprovidesforevenmorebenefitsinelectricdriving,whichwillstimulatepeopletoswitchfromgas-poweredtoelectricalpoweredmobility,thusreducingtheCO2emmisions.

WiderpotentialbenefitsforcitiesUsingV2G-technologywillmakeitpossiblefortheDSOtousetheexistinggridinamoreefficientway.Thiswillpreventcostlyextentionofthegridcapacity(alsopreventingimportunityduetotheactivitiesrelatedtotheextention-works)OtherimpactsV2GtechnologycanmaketheusageofEV’smoreprofitableandwiththatalsotheusageofEV’sforcar-sharingconcepts.That will change the way citizens will provide for their mobility needs, shifting from private possession by multiplehouseholdstocombinedpossessionofasmallernumberofcars.Thiscanimprovethespace-consumptionforcar-parkinginacity.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC VIABILITY

Bi-directional chargers and energymanagement systems that can ‘steer’ the charging and discharging of the cars, areavailableasprototypesandcanbedevelopedtowardscommerciallyreadyproductsthecomingyears.EV-drivers wil need to be willing to make their battery capacity available. Their willingness will be influenced by theincentive provided (e.g. rewarding by aggregatorwho sells the storage to theDSO) and the certainty provided on theremainingavailablemobility(preventingrangeanxiety).

INTEGRATED MEASURES

¨ Integratedmeasurescombiningmultipleofthedomains:buildings,smartgridsanddistrictheatingandcooling

The V2G functionality can not only support the electricity grid but, as a side effect could also optimize the energyconsumptioninabuilding.AnEVatabi-directionalchargerconnecteddirectlytothebuilding(behindthemeter),couldsupport the energymanagement system of the building. Peak demands can be supported by the EV’s, decreasing theneedsforhigh-capacitygridconnnections.

¨ Whichotherstakeholderswouldneedtobeinvolvedintheimplementationofthekeyinnovation?

EV-drivers,car-fleetmanagersincompanies,facility-managersofofficebuildingsneedtobewillingtosupporttheusageofEV’sandtheplacementofchargers.Byshowingthepotentialupside(fromeconomicalandsustainabilitypointofview),thesestakeholdersshallbemotivatedtogetinvolved.Earlyadaptorsneedtobefound,toactas‘ambassador’towardsthemajority.

CHALLENGES TO BE ADDRESSED BY CITY- ZEN

CurrentlythetheregulationhasanegativeimpactonthebusinesscaseforV2Gtechnology.Sinceself-consumptionofPV-power is not financially rewarded, V2G will only be interesting for PV-owners if the regulation changes (‘salderings-regeling’).AlsoflexibletariffsoraflexibilitymarketwillbeneededtogiveeconomicalvaluetoofferedflexibilityviaV2G.Aslongasthisregulationisnotchanged,startingwithV2Gtechnologyandserviceswillaskforlargeupfrontinvestments,whichlimitedpartiesarewillingtomake.