Mid-year population (thousands)

Population density

(population per sq km)

Average annual rate of

population change

(per cent)

Crude birth rate

(births per 1,000

population)

Crude death rate

(deaths per 1,000

population)

Total fertility

(live births per woman

aged 15-49)

Percentage of births

to women under age 20 among births to women

aged 15-49

Life expectancy

at birth (years)

Under-five mortality (deaths under age 5

per 1,000 live births)

Percentage of population

Potential support

ratio

Under age 15

Aged 60 or over

(Aged 20-64 /

Aged 65+)

Region, subregion, country or area 2017 2050 2100 Mid-2017 2010-2015 Mid-2017

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

World 7 550 262 9 771 823 11 184 368 58 1.2 20 8 2.5 10 71 48 26 13 7

More developed regions a 1 259 922 1 298 069 1 284 957 26 0.3 11 10 1.7 5 78 6 16 25 3

Less developed regions b 6 290 340 8 473 754 9 899 411 78 1.4 21 7 2.7 10 69 53 28 10 8

Least developed countries c 1 002 486 1 916 742 3 198 860 50 2.4 33 8 4.3 16 63 83 40 6 13

Other less developed countries d 5 287 854 6 557 013 6 700 551 87 1.2 19 7 2.4 8 70 43 26 11 8

Less developed regions, excluding China 4 849 208 7 077 398 8 852 508 68 1.6 24 7 3.0 12 67 59 31 9 10

High-income countries e 1 191 584 1 287 798 1 288 172 34 0.5 11 8 1.7 4 80 6 17 24 3

Middle-income countries e 5 678 780 7 067 079 7 375 603 70 1.2 19 7 2.4 9 70 44 26 11 8

Upper-middle-income countries e 2 623 856 2 790 496 2 397 021 45 0.8 15 7 1.8 7 74 18 21 15 6

Lower-middle-income countries e 3 054 924 4 276 584 4 978 582 136 1.5 24 8 2.9 10 67 59 31 8 10

Low-income countries e 677 007 1 413 034 2 516 036 48 2.7 37 9 5.0 15 61 90 42 5 13

Sub-Saharan Africa f 1 022 664 2 167 652 4 001 756 47 2.7 38 10 5.1 15 58 95 43 5 14

Africa 1 256 268 2 527 557 4 467 588 42 2.6 36 9 4.7 14 60 87 41 5 13Eastern Africa 422 036 888 129 1 578 463 63 2.8 37 8 4.9 15 61 77 43 5 14

Burundi 10 864 25 762 54 514 423 3.0 43 12 6.0 4 56 123 45 4 17Comoros 814 1 463 2 161 437 2.4 34 8 4.6 11 63 78 40 5 16Djibouti 957 1 308 1 264 41 1.7 24 8 3.1 5 62 83 31 6 13Eritrea 5 069 9 607 14 781 50 2.0 34 8 4.4 9 63 57 42 5 12Ethiopia 104 957 190 870 249 530 105 2.6 34 8 4.6 13 64 68 41 5 13Kenya 49 700 95 467 142 124 87 2.7 33 6 4.1 14 65 55 40 4 17Madagascar 25 571 53 803 98 002 44 2.7 34 7 4.4 19 65 54 41 5 15Malawi 18 622 41 705 75 711 198 2.9 38 8 4.9 21 61 85 44 4 14Mauritius 1 1 265 1 221 932 623 0.2 11 7 1.5 10 74 14 18 17 6Mayotte 253 495 744 675 2.8 32 2 4.1 10 79 5 41 6 11Mozambique 29 669 67 775 135 046 38 2.9 40 11 5.5 20 56 103 45 5 13Réunion 877 1 014 938 351 0.8 17 6 2.4 11 80 5 24 16 5Rwanda 12 208 21 886 28 185 495 2.5 34 7 4.2 5 65 64 40 5 16Seychelles 95 97 80 206 0.5 18 8 2.4 12 73 13 22 13 7Somalia 14 743 35 852 78 972 24 2.9 44 12 6.6 13 55 131 46 4 15South Sudan 12 576 25 366 42 794 21 3.3 37 12 5.2 11 55 122 42 5 13Uganda 42 863 105 698 213 758 215 3.4 44 9 5.9 16 59 92 48 3 18United Republic of Tanzania 2 57 310 138 082 303 832 65 3.1 40 8 5.2 16 63 63 45 5 13Zambia 17 094 41 001 94 410 23 3.0 39 9 5.2 14 60 80 45 4 17Zimbabwe 16 530 29 659 40 687 43 2.3 36 10 4.0 18 58 67 41 4 16

Middle Africa 163 495 384 005 753 144 25 3.1 42 11 5.9 17 57 113 46 5 14Angola 29 784 76 046 172 861 24 3.5 44 9 6.0 20 60 101 47 4 17Cameroon 24 054 49 817 91 641 51 2.7 38 11 5.0 17 56 105 43 5 14Central African Republic 4 659 8 851 14 055 7 0.4 37 15 5.1 17 49 150 43 5 11Chad 14 900 33 636 61 691 12 3.3 45 14 6.3 22 52 147 47 4 16Congo 5 261 11 510 23 577 15 2.6 37 8 4.9 16 63 67 42 5 13Democratic Republic of the Congo 81 340 197 404 378 975 36 3.3 44 11 6.4 15 58 115 46 5 13Equatorial Guinea 1 268 2 845 4 741 45 4.2 36 11 5.0 19 57 109 37 4 18Gabon 2 025 3 516 4 996 8 3.3 31 8 4.0 17 64 58 36 6 11Sao Tome and Principe 204 380 607 213 2.2 36 7 4.7 15 66 63 43 4 15

Northern Africa 233 604 359 905 465 833 30 1.9 27 6 3.3 8 71 37 32 8 10Algeria 41 318 57 437 62 556 17 2.0 25 5 3.0 2 75 32 29 9 9Egypt 97 553 153 433 198 748 98 2.2 28 6 3.4 9 71 24 33 8 10Libya 6 375 8 124 7 431 4 0.2 21 5 2.4 1 71 29 28 7 13Morocco 35 740 45 660 43 840 80 1.4 21 5 2.6 7 75 33 27 11 9Sudan 40 533 80 386 138 648 23 2.3 34 8 4.8 12 64 74 41 5 13Tunisia 11 532 13 884 13 321 74 1.2 19 6 2.3 2 75 20 24 12 8Western Sahara 553 982 1 287 2 1.8 22 5 2.6 6 68 42 28 5 22

Southern Africa 65 143 85 800 92 458 25 1.4 23 11 2.6 12 59 49 30 8 11Botswana 2 292 3 421 3 774 4 1.8 25 8 2.9 8 63 45 31 6 14Lesotho 2 233 3 203 3 905 74 1.3 29 14 3.3 18 53 80 35 7 11Namibia 2 534 4 339 5 835 3 2.2 30 8 3.6 15 62 45 37 5 14South Africa 56 717 72 755 76 488 47 1.4 22 11 2.6 11 59 47 29 8 11Swaziland 1 367 2 081 2 457 79 1.8 30 11 3.3 17 55 75 37 5 15

Western Africa 371 990 809 719 1 577 690 61 2.7 40 12 5.5 16 55 111 44 5 15Benin 11 176 23 930 44 325 99 2.8 38 10 5.2 13 60 106 43 5 13Burkina Faso 19 193 43 207 81 723 70 3.0 41 10 5.6 15 59 100 45 4 17Cabo Verde 546 734 714 136 1.2 22 6 2.5 20 72 27 30 7 12Côte d'Ivoire 24 295 51 375 103 563 76 2.5 38 13 5.1 19 52 101 42 5 15Gambia 2 101 4 562 7 180 208 3.1 41 9 5.6 12 60 75 45 4 18Ghana 28 834 51 270 76 755 127 2.4 33 9 4.2 11 62 68 39 5 14Guinea 12 717 26 852 48 327 52 2.3 37 10 5.1 21 58 102 42 5 14Guinea-Bissau 1 861 3 603 5 901 66 2.6 38 11 4.9 14 56 134 41 5 15Liberia 4 732 9 804 17 801 49 2.6 36 9 4.8 19 61 80 42 5 15Mali 18 542 44 020 83 207 15 2.9 45 12 6.4 21 56 125 48 4 16Mauritania 4 420 8 965 15 519 4 2.9 36 8 4.9 12 63 93 40 5 15Niger 21 477 68 454 192 187 17 3.8 49 11 7.4 21 59 119 50 4 14Nigeria 190 886 410 638 793 942 210 2.7 41 14 5.7 15 52 122 44 4 16Saint Helena 3 4 4 4 10 -0.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Senegal 15 851 34 031 64 806 82 3.0 38 7 5.0 12 66 55 43 5 15Sierra Leone 7 557 12 972 16 491 105 2.3 37 14 4.8 19 50 134 42 4 17Togo 7 798 15 298 25 247 143 2.6 36 9 4.7 13 59 84 42 5 16

Asia 4 504 428 5 256 927 4 780 485 145 1.0 18 7 2.2 7 72 38 24 12 7Eastern Asia 1 648 165 1 586 491 1 198 265 143 0.5 12 7 1.6 2 77 13 17 18 5

China 4 1 409 517 1 364 457 1 020 665 150 0.5 13 7 1.6 2 76 14 18 16 6China, Hong Kong SAR 5 7 365 8 253 8 299 7 014 0.6 10 6 1.2 1 83 3 11 23 4China, Macao SAR 6 623 876 1 052 20 822 2.3 11 4 1.2 1 83 4 13 16 7China, Taiwan Province of China 23 626 22 771 16 887 667 0.3 9 7 1.1 2 79 5 13 20 5Democratic People's Rep. of Korea 25 491 26 809 23 581 212 0.5 14 9 2.0 0 71 24 21 13 7Japan 127 484 108 794 84 532 350 -0.1 8 10 1.4 1 83 3 13 33 2Mongolia 3 076 4 075 4 541 2 1.9 26 6 2.8 4 68 28 30 7 15Republic of Korea 50 982 50 457 38 707 524 0.4 9 5 1.2 1 81 4 13 20 5

South-Central Asia 7 1 939 824 2 476 228 2 330 653 188 1.4 21 7 2.5 8 68 54 29 9 10Central Asia 70 840 94 431 99 984 18 1.7 24 7 2.7 5 70 34 29 8 12Kazakhstan 18 204 22 959 25 738 7 1.6 23 9 2.7 5 69 17 28 11 8Kyrgyzstan 6 045 8 113 8 852 32 1.6 27 6 3.1 7 70 23 32 8 12Tajikistan 8 921 14 521 18 928 64 2.2 30 5 3.5 7 70 49 35 6 15Turkmenistan 5 758 7 888 8 324 12 1.8 27 7 3.0 5 67 56 31 7 13Uzbekistan 31 911 40 950 38 142 75 1.6 22 6 2.4 4 71 36 28 8 13Southern Asia 1 868 985 2 381 797 2 230 669 292 1.3 21 7 2.5 8 68 55 29 9 10Afghanistan 35 530 61 928 70 410 54 3.2 36 7 5.3 13 62 81 43 4 16Bangladesh 164 670 201 927 173 549 1 265 1.2 20 5 2.2 22 71 41 28 7 11Bhutan 808 994 858 21 1.6 19 6 2.2 8 69 37 27 7 12India 1 339 180 1 658 978 1 516 597 450 1.2 20 7 2.4 7 68 52 28 9 10Iran (Islamic Republic of) 81 163 93 553 72 462 50 1.2 18 5 1.7 6 75 17 24 9 12Maldives 436 576 496 1 454 2.8 20 3 2.2 2 76 10 23 6 16Nepal 29 305 36 107 29 318 204 1.2 21 6 2.3 18 69 40 31 9 9Pakistan 197 016 306 940 351 943 256 2.1 30 8 3.7 7 66 87 35 7 11Sri Lanka 20 877 20 792 15 036 333 0.5 16 7 2.1 4 75 10 24 15 6

South-Eastern Asia 648 780 797 649 771 528 149 1.2 19 7 2.3 11 70 30 26 10 9Brunei Darussalam 429 537 487 81 1.4 17 3 1.9 3 77 8 23 8 14Cambodia 16 005 22 019 22 753 91 1.6 25 6 2.7 11 68 35 31 7 12Indonesia 263 991 321 551 306 026 146 1.3 20 7 2.5 11 69 30 27 9 11Lao People's Democratic Republic 6 858 9 163 8 200 30 1.3 25 7 2.9 15 65 61 33 6 13Malaysia 8 31 624 41 729 41 799 96 1.8 17 5 2.1 4 75 8 24 10 10Myanmar 53 371 62 359 54 743 82 0.9 19 8 2.3 8 66 57 27 9 10Philippines 104 918 151 293 173 060 352 1.6 24 6 3.1 12 69 29 32 8 11Singapore 5 709 6 575 5 432 8 155 1.7 9 5 1.2 1 82 3 15 20 5Thailand 69 038 65 372 47 536 135 0.4 11 7 1.5 16 75 13 17 17 6Timor-Leste 1 296 2 421 3 848 87 2.2 37 6 5.9 8 68 56 44 5 11Viet Nam 95 541 114 630 107 646 308 1.1 17 6 2.0 9 76 24 23 11 9

Western Asia 267 660 396 560 480 040 56 2.1 23 5 2.9 8 73 29 29 8 10Armenia 2 930 2 700 1 849 103 0.3 15 10 1.7 7 74 16 20 17 6Azerbaijan 9 9 828 11 039 9 559 119 1.3 19 7 2.1 11 72 36 23 10 11Bahrain 1 493 2 327 2 246 1 964 2.0 16 2 2.1 2 76 9 20 5 31Cyprus 10 1 180 1 383 1 323 128 0.9 11 7 1.4 2 80 5 17 18 5Georgia 11 3 912 3 394 2 540 56 -1.4 14 13 2.0 12 73 13 19 21 4Iraq 38 275 81 490 155 556 88 3.2 35 5 4.6 12 69 38 40 5 14Israel 8 322 12 577 17 124 385 1.7 21 5 3.0 2 82 4 28 16 4Jordan 9 702 14 188 17 319 109 4.9 28 4 3.6 5 74 20 36 6 13Kuwait 4 137 5 644 6 231 232 5.4 18 3 2.1 2 74 11 21 5 30Lebanon 6 082 5 412 4 350 595 6.0 15 5 1.7 5 79 11 23 12 7Oman 4 636 6 757 6 572 15 6.5 22 3 2.9 2 76 11 22 4 30Qatar 2 639 3 773 3 971 227 6.6 11 1 2.0 2 78 9 14 3 61Saudi Arabia 32 938 45 056 44 029 15 2.8 21 4 2.7 2 74 15 25 6 20State of Palestine 12 4 921 9 704 15 115 817 2.7 33 4 4.3 11 73 23 40 5 15Syrian Arab Republic 18 270 34 021 38 167 99 -2.3 24 5 3.1 9 70 21 37 7 11Turkey 80 745 95 627 85 776 105 1.6 17 6 2.1 8 75 19 25 12 7United Arab Emirates 9 400 13 164 14 776 112 2.0 11 1 1.8 5 77 7 14 2 71Yemen 28 250 48 304 53 536 54 2.6 34 7 4.4 12 64 62 40 5 16

Mid-year population (thousands)

Population density

(population per sq km)

Average annual rate of

population change

(per cent)

Crude birth rate

(births per 1,000

population)

Crude death rate

(deaths per 1,000

population)

Total fertility

(live births per woman

aged 15-49)

Percentage of births

to women under age 20 among births to women

aged 15-49

Life expectancy

at birth (years)

Under-five mortality (deaths under age 5

per 1,000 live births)

Percentage of population

Potential support

ratio

Under age 15

Aged 60 or over

(Aged 20-64 /

Aged 65+)

Region, subregion, country or area 2017 2050 2100 Mid-2017 2010-2015 Mid-2017

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

Europe 742 074 715 721 653 261 34 0.1 11 11 1.6 4 77 6 16 25 3Eastern Europe 292 454 258 519 218 045 16 -0.1 12 13 1.6 6 72 9 16 22 4

Belarus 9 468 8 571 7 605 47 0.0 12 13 1.6 5 72 5 17 21 4Bulgaria 7 085 5 424 3 850 65 -0.6 9 15 1.5 11 74 10 14 28 3Czechia 10 618 10 054 8 892 137 0.1 10 10 1.5 3 78 3 15 26 3Hungary 9 722 8 279 6 388 107 -0.3 9 13 1.3 6 75 6 14 26 3Poland 38 171 32 390 21 242 125 0.0 10 10 1.3 4 77 5 15 24 4Republic of Moldova 13 4 051 3 293 1 953 123 -0.1 11 11 1.3 8 71 17 16 18 6Romania 19 679 16 397 12 082 85 -0.6 10 12 1.5 10 75 10 15 25 3Russian Federation 143 990 132 731 124 013 9 0.1 13 13 1.7 5 70 10 18 21 5Slovakia 5 448 4 965 3 834 113 0.1 11 10 1.4 6 76 7 15 22 4Ukraine 14 44 223 36 416 28 186 76 -0.5 11 15 1.5 7 71 10 15 23 4

Northern Europe 104 200 117 583 126 514 61 0.5 12 9 1.8 3 81 4 18 24 3Channel Islands 15 165 181 180 870 0.5 10 9 1.5 2 81 9 15 25 3Denmark 5 734 6 314 6 815 135 0.5 10 9 1.7 1 80 4 16 25 3Estonia 1 310 1 145 891 31 -0.3 11 12 1.6 4 77 4 16 26 3Faeroe Islands 49 55 57 35 0.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Finland 16 5 523 5 866 6 139 18 0.4 11 10 1.8 2 81 3 16 28 3Iceland 335 390 383 3 0.6 14 6 2.0 2 82 2 20 20 4Ireland 4 762 5 801 6 389 69 0.3 15 6 2.0 2 81 4 22 19 4Isle of Man 84 97 105 148 0.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Latvia 1 950 1 517 1 149 31 -1.2 10 14 1.5 4 74 8 15 26 3Lithuania 2 890 2 407 1 904 46 -1.3 10 13 1.6 4 74 5 15 25 3Norway 17 5 305 6 802 8 112 15 1.2 12 8 1.8 2 82 3 18 22 4Sweden 9 911 11 626 13 416 24 0.8 12 9 1.9 1 82 3 18 25 3United Kingdom 66 182 75 381 80 975 274 0.7 12 9 1.9 4 81 5 18 24 3

Southern Europe 151 989 140 123 114 144 117 -0.2 9 10 1.4 3 81 5 14 27 3Albania 2 930 2 664 1 657 107 -0.1 12 7 1.7 8 78 16 17 19 5Andorra 77 77 63 164 -1.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 507 3 058 2 217 69 -1.0 9 10 1.3 4 76 9 14 23 4Croatia 4 189 3 461 2 518 75 -0.4 10 12 1.5 3 77 5 15 27 3Gibraltar 35 37 37 3 457 0.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Greece 11 160 9 982 7 423 87 -0.4 9 10 1.3 2 81 4 14 26 3Holy See 18 1 1 1 1 800 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Italy 59 360 55 093 47 819 202 -0.1 9 10 1.4 2 82 4 14 29 3Malta 431 419 352 1 346 0.5 10 9 1.4 5 80 6 14 26 3Montenegro 629 588 449 47 0.1 12 10 1.7 4 76 7 18 21 4Portugal 10 330 8 995 6 604 113 -0.4 8 10 1.3 4 81 4 14 28 3San Marino 33 35 32 557 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Serbia 19 8 791 7 447 5 464 101 -0.4 11 12 1.6 6 75 12 16 24 3Slovenia 2 080 1 942 1 662 103 0.3 10 9 1.6 1 80 3 15 26 3Spain 20 46 354 44 395 36 378 93 -0.2 9 9 1.3 2 83 3 15 25 3TFYR Macedonia 21 2 083 1 931 1 467 83 0.1 11 10 1.5 5 75 10 17 19 5

Western Europe 193 431 199 496 194 559 178 0.4 10 10 1.7 2 81 4 15 26 3Austria 8 735 8 878 8 189 106 0.6 9 9 1.4 2 81 4 14 25 3Belgium 11 429 12 488 13 022 377 0.6 11 10 1.8 1 81 4 17 25 3France 64 980 70 609 74 242 119 0.4 12 9 2.0 2 82 4 18 26 3Germany 82 114 79 238 71 033 236 0.2 9 11 1.4 2 80 4 13 28 3Liechtenstein 38 43 46 237 0.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Luxembourg 583 796 1 005 225 2.2 11 7 1.5 2 81 4 16 20 4Monaco 39 46 60 25 970 0.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Netherlands 17 036 17 518 16 480 505 0.3 11 8 1.7 1 81 4 16 25 3Switzerland 8 476 9 880 10 482 214 1.2 10 8 1.5 1 83 4 15 24 3

Latin America and the Caribbean 645 593 779 841 712 013 32 1.1 18 6 2.1 17 75 24 25 12 7Caribbean 43 883 48 258 40 022 194 0.7 18 8 2.3 14 72 39 25 14 6

Anguilla 15 16 13 166 1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Antigua and Barbuda 102 125 123 232 1.1 17 6 2.1 13 76 11 24 11 9Aruba 105 107 96 585 0.5 11 8 1.8 9 75 17 18 20 5Bahamas 395 475 468 39 1.4 15 6 1.8 9 75 13 20 14 7Barbados 286 280 255 664 0.3 12 10 1.8 13 75 11 19 21 4British Virgin Islands 31 38 35 208 2.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Caribbean Netherlands 22 25 30 32 77 3.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Cayman Islands 62 81 99 256 1.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Cuba 11 485 10 823 8 119 108 0.2 11 8 1.7 14 79 7 16 20 4Curaçao 161 181 188 362 1.4 13 8 2.1 9 78 12 19 23 4Dominica 74 77 57 99 0.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Dominican Republic 10 767 13 265 12 114 223 1.2 21 6 2.5 22 73 28 29 10 8Grenada 108 110 70 317 0.4 19 7 2.2 9 73 13 26 11 8Guadeloupe 23 450 425 341 266 0.0 12 8 2.0 5 81 6 19 24 3Haiti 10 981 14 041 12 840 398 1.4 26 9 3.1 9 62 77 33 7 11Jamaica 2 890 2 704 1 436 267 0.4 17 7 2.1 17 75 18 23 14 6Martinique 385 355 282 363 -0.5 12 8 2.0 6 81 7 18 26 3Montserrat 5 5 5 52 0.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Puerto Rico 3 663 3 282 2 035 413 -0.2 11 8 1.5 15 79 7 18 20 4Saint Kitts and Nevis 55 63 55 213 1.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Saint Lucia 179 182 128 293 0.5 13 7 1.5 16 75 15 19 14 6Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 110 109 77 282 0.0 16 7 2.0 15 73 21 24 12 8Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 40 52 63 1 180 3.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Trinidad and Tobago 1 369 1 295 983 267 0.5 15 9 1.8 8 70 31 21 15 6Turks and Caicos Islands 35 48 52 37 2.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...United States Virgin Islands 105 89 56 300 -0.2 14 8 2.3 11 79 11 20 25 3

Central America 177 316 231 563 221 657 72 1.5 20 5 2.4 17 76 25 28 10 8Belize 375 592 688 16 2.2 23 6 2.6 16 70 17 31 6 14Costa Rica 4 906 5 774 5 028 96 1.1 15 5 1.9 17 79 11 22 14 6El Salvador 6 378 6 997 5 404 308 0.5 19 7 2.2 21 73 20 27 12 7Guatemala 16 914 26 968 32 020 158 2.1 27 5 3.2 16 72 33 35 7 10Honduras 9 265 13 249 13 437 83 1.8 23 5 2.7 18 73 40 32 7 11Mexico 129 163 164 279 151 491 66 1.4 19 5 2.3 16 76 23 27 10 8Nicaragua 6 218 7 876 7 049 52 1.2 21 5 2.3 22 74 24 29 8 10Panama 4 099 5 827 6 540 55 1.7 21 5 2.6 18 77 20 27 11 7

South America 424 394 500 020 450 333 24 1.0 17 6 2.0 17 75 22 24 12 7Argentina 44 271 55 229 57 747 16 1.0 18 8 2.3 14 76 16 25 15 5Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 11 052 15 903 17 946 10 1.6 24 8 3.0 15 68 72 32 9 8Brazil 209 288 232 688 190 423 25 0.9 15 6 1.8 19 75 18 22 13 7Chile 18 055 20 718 18 757 24 0.9 14 6 1.8 14 79 9 20 16 6Colombia 49 066 54 733 44 826 44 1.0 16 6 1.9 15 74 25 23 12 8Ecuador 16 625 22 968 24 321 67 1.6 21 5 2.6 17 76 25 28 10 8Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 24 3 3 3 0 0.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...French Guiana 283 542 874 3 2.8 26 3 3.5 12 79 11 33 8 10Guyana 778 822 588 4 0.6 21 8 2.6 23 66 41 29 9 10Paraguay 6 811 8 897 8 617 17 1.3 22 6 2.6 14 73 35 29 9 9Peru 32 165 41 620 40 783 25 1.3 20 6 2.5 12 74 29 27 10 8Suriname 563 648 576 4 1.0 19 7 2.5 12 71 23 26 10 8Uruguay 3 457 3 662 3 229 20 0.3 14 9 2.0 15 77 15 21 20 4Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 31 977 41 585 41 642 36 1.4 20 5 2.4 20 74 16 28 10 9

Northern America 361 208 434 655 499 198 19 0.7 12 8 1.9 7 79 7 19 22 4Bermuda 61 53 41 1 227 -0.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Canada 36 624 44 949 51 622 4 1.0 11 7 1.6 3 82 5 16 23 4Greenland 56 54 44 0 -0.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6 7 7 27 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...United States of America 324 459 389 592 447 483 35 0.7 13 8 1.9 8 79 7 19 22 4

Oceania 40 691 57 121 71 823 5 1.5 17 7 2.4 6 78 26 23 17 5Australia/New Zealand 29 156 38 898 47 965 4 1.4 13 7 1.9 4 82 5 19 21 4

Australia 25 24 451 33 187 41 835 3 1.5 13 7 1.9 3 82 5 19 21 4New Zealand 4 706 5 711 6 131 18 1.1 14 7 2.0 6 81 5 20 21 4

Melanesia 10 321 16 754 22 377 19 2.0 28 7 3.7 10 66 57 35 7 12Fiji 906 998 846 50 0.7 21 7 2.6 9 70 20 28 10 9New Caledonia 276 378 439 15 1.4 16 7 2.2 5 76 15 23 14 6Papua New Guinea 8 251 13 871 18 959 18 2.2 29 7 3.8 10 65 63 36 6 13Solomon Islands 611 1 033 1 458 22 2.1 31 5 4.1 9 70 36 39 5 13Vanuatu 276 475 675 23 2.3 27 5 3.4 8 71 29 36 7 11

Micronesia 528 656 676 166 0.6 21 6 3.0 6 73 35 29 10 8Guam 164 193 177 304 0.3 17 5 2.4 9 79 11 25 14 6Kiribati 116 178 243 144 1.8 29 7 3.8 4 66 60 35 6 13Marshall Islands 53 66 72 295 0.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Micronesia (Federated States of) 106 128 111 151 0.2 24 6 3.3 5 69 41 33 8 10Nauru 11 11 9 568 2.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Northern Mariana Islands 55 52 36 120 0.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Palau 22 28 29 47 0.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Polynesia 26 686 813 804 85 0.5 21 5 3.0 7 75 18 30 10 8American Samoa 56 57 40 278 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Cook Islands 17 18 16 72 -1.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...French Polynesia 283 326 292 77 0.7 16 5 2.1 10 76 8 23 12 8Niue 2 2 2 6 -0.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Samoa 196 243 268 69 0.8 26 5 4.2 5 74 21 37 8 8Tokelau 1 2 1 130 1.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Tonga 108 140 158 150 0.4 26 6 3.8 3 73 25 36 8 8Tuvalu 11 15 18 373 0.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Wallis and Futuna Islands 12 11 9 84 -2.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2017 2030 2050 2100Rank Country Population Rank Country Population Rank Country Population Rank Country Population1 China 1 410 1 India 1 513 1 India 1 659 1 India 1 5172 India 1 339 2 China 1 441 2 China 1 364 2 China 1 0213 United States of America 324 3 United States of America 355 3 Nigeria 411 3 Nigeria 7944 Indonesia 264 4 Indonesia 296 4 United States of America 390 4 United States of America 4475 Brazil 209 5 Nigeria 264 5 Indonesia 322 5 Democratic Republic of the Congo 3796 Pakistan 197 6 Pakistan 244 6 Pakistan 307 6 Pakistan 3527 Nigeria 191 7 Brazil 225 7 Brazil 233 7 Indonesia 3068 Bangladesh 165 8 Bangladesh 186 8 Bangladesh 202 8 United Republic of Tanzania 3049 Russian Federation 144 9 Mexico 148 9 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 197 9 Ethiopia 25010 Mexico 129 10 Russian Federation 141 10 Ethiopia 191 10 Uganda 21411 Japan 127 11 Ethiopia 140 11 Mexico 164 11 Egypt 19912 Ethiopia 105 12 Philippines 125 12 Egypt 153 12 Niger 19213 Philippines 105 13 Japan 122 13 Philippines 151 13 Brazil 190

14 Democratic Republic of the Congo 120 14 United Republic of Tanzania 138 14 Bangladesh 17415 Egypt 120 15 Russian Federation 133 15 Philippines 173

16 Viet Nam 106 16 Viet Nam 115 16 Angola 173 17 Japan 109 17 Iraq 156

18 Uganda 106 18 Mexico 15119 Kenya 14220 Sudan 13921 Mozambique 13522 Russian Federation 12423 Viet Nam 10824 Côte d'Ivoire 104

Countries with more than 100 million inhabitants in 2017, 2030, 2050 and 2100 (population in millions)

The designations employed in this publica-tion and the material presented in it do not imply the expression of any opinion what-soever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal sta-tus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text of this report also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The designations “more developed”, “less developed” and “least developed” countries, areas or regions are intended for statistical con-venience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the develop-ing process.

The figures presented are from the medium variant of the World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, the official United Nations population estimates and pro-jections prepared by the United Nations Population Division. Data are also avail-able in digital form and can be consulted at the Population Division’s web site at www.unpopulation.org.

A minus sign (-) before a figure indicates a decrease.

A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals.

Years given refer to 1 July.

Use of a hyphen (-)between years, for ex-ample, 1995-2000, signifies the full period involved, from 1 July of the first year to 1 July of the second year.

Three dots (...) indicate that data are not available or are not reported separately.

A 0 or 0.0 indicates that the magnitude is not zero, but less than half of the unit employed.

Numbers and percentages in this table do not necessarily add to totals because of rounding.

a More developed regions comprise Eu-rope, Northern America, Australia/New Zealand and Japan.

b Less developed regions comprise all regions of Africa, Asia (except Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean plus Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.

c The group of least developed coun-tries, as defined by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolutions (59/209, 59/210, 60/33, 62/97, 64/L.55, 67/L.43, 64/295 and 68/18) included 47 countries in June 2017: 33 in Africa, 9 in Asia, 4 in Oceania and 1 in Latin America and the Caribbean.

d Other less developed countries com-prise the less developed regions ex-cluding the least developed countries.

e The country classification by income level is based on 2016 GNI per capita from the World Bank.

f Sub-Saharan Africa refers to all of Africa except Northern Africa.

1 Including Agalega, Rodrigues and Saint Brandon.

2 Including Zanzibar.3 Including Ascension and Tristan

da Cunha.4 For statistical purposes, the data

for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China; and Taiwan, Province of China.

5 As of 1 July 1997, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China.

6 As of 20 December 1999, Macao became a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China.

7 The regions Southern Asia and Central Asia are combined into South-Central Asia.

8 Including Sabah and Sarawak.9 Including Nagorno-Karabakh.10 Refers to the whole country.11 Including Abkhazia and South Ossetia.12 Including East Jerusalem.13 Including Transnistria.

14 Including Crimea.15 Refers to Guernsey and Jersey.16 Including Åland Islands.17 Including Svalbard and Jan Mayen

Islands.18 Refers to the Vatican City State.19 Including Kosovo.20 Including Canary Islands, Ceuta

and Melilla.21 The former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia.22 Refers to Bonaire, Saba and

Sint Eustatius.23 Including Saint-Barthélemy

and Saint-Martin (French part).24 A dispute exists between the Govern-

ments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

25 Including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Norfolk Island.

26 Including Pitcairn.

Notes

United Nations • Department of Economic and Social Affairs • Population Division

World Population 2017 www.unpopulation.org

Age

300,000 100,0000200,000 200,000100,000 300,000

100+

95-99

90-94

85-89

80-84

75-79

70-74

65-69

60-64

55-59

50-54

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

25-29

20-24

15-19

10-14

5-9

0-4

100+

95-99

90-94

85-89

80-84

75-79

70-74

65-69

60-64

55-59

50-54

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

25-29

20-24

15-19

10-14

5-9

0-4

Men Women

Population (in thousands)

1950 2017 2050 2100

Age

Population pyramids for selected years

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

Bill

ions

Total population by regionAfrica

Asia

Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Northern America

Oceania

1950

-195

5

1965

-197

0

1980

-198

5

1995

-200

0

2010

-201

5

2035

-204

0

2050

-205

5

2065

-207

0

2080

-208

5

2095

-300

0

1955

-196

0

1970

-197

5

1985

-199

0

2000

-200

5

2020

-202

5

2040

-204

5

2055

-206

0

2070

-207

5

2085

-209

0

1960

-196

5

1975

-198

0

1990

-199

5

2005

-201

0

2030

-203

5

2045

-205

0

2060

-206

5

2075

-208

0

2090

-209

5

2025

-203

0

2015

-202

0

Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Northern America

Oceania 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

TFR

(live

bir

ths

per w

oman

)

Total fertility by region

0

1

2

3

4

5

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

Bill

ions

Total population by subregion, Africa Eastern Africa

Northern Africa

Western Africa

Middle Africa

Southern Africa

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

1950

-195

5

1965

-197

0

1980

-198

5

1995

-200

0

2010

-201

5

2035

-204

0

2050

-205

5

2065

-207

0

2080

-208

5

2095

-300

0

Bill

ions

Five-year change of total population by region Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Northern America

Oceania

1955

-196

0

1970

-197

5

1985

-199

0

2000

-200

5

2020

-202

5

2040

-204

5

2055

-206

0

2070

-207

5

2085

-209

0

1960

-196

5

1975

-198

0

1990

-199

5

2005

-201

0

2030

-203

5

2045

-205

0

2060

-206

5

2075

-208

0

2090

-209

5

2025

-203

0

2015

-202

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

2055

2060

2065

2070

2075

2080

2085

2090

2095

2100

Perc

anta

ge p

oint

Increase of old-age dependency ratio (aged 65+/aged 20-64) by region

Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America and the Caribbean

Northern America

Oceania

Wall Chart 2017-rev-8.indd 1 28/11/2017 8:42:53 AM

17-146

17

World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision

KEY FINDINGS

1. According to the results of the 2017 Revision, the world’s population reached nearly 7.6  billion in mid-2017. The world has added one billion people since 2005 and two billion since 1993. In 2017, an estimated 50.4 per cent of the world’s population was male and 49.6 per cent female. In 2017, 9 per cent of the global population was under age 5, 26 per cent was under age 15, 13 per  ent was aged 60 or over, and 2 per cent was aged 80 or over.

2. Current estimates indicate that roughly 83 million people are being added to the world’s population every year. Even assuming that fertility levels will continue to decline, the global population is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100, according to the medium-variant projection.

3. In fact, continued growth of the world’s population is expected at least until 2050, even if the decline of fertility accelerates. The projections of the 2017 Revision indicate that there is a 95 per cent probability that the global population will be between 8.4 and 8.7 billion in 2030, between 9.4 and 10.2 billion in 2050 and between 9.6 and 13.2 billion in 2100.

4. Future population growth is highly dependent on the path that future fertility will take, as relatively small changes in the frequency of childbearing, when projected over several dec-ades, can generate large differences in total population. In the medium-variant projection, it is assumed that the global fertility level will decline from 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to 2.2 in 2045-2050, and then fall to 2.0 by 2095-2100. In an illustrative example where the future fertility level of each country is consistently half a child above the levels assumed for the medium- variant projection, the global population would reach 10.8 billion in 2050 and 16.5  billion in 2100. Conversely, fertility levels consistently half a child below the assumption used for the medium variant would lead to a global population of 8.8 billion at mid-century, declining to 7.3 billion in 2100 (data not shown in tables).

5. Future growth will be influenced not only by future levels of fertility, mortality, and migra-tion but also by the current age distribution of the world’s population. Thanks to “population momentum”, a relatively youthful age distribution promotes a more rapid pace of population growth, whereas a relatively older age distribution contributes to a slower rate of growth or even population decline. The magnitude of population growth or decline attributable to this momentum can be found by projecting the population forward assuming that: (a) mortality remains constant, (b) fertility instantly reaches the replacement level, and (c) the popula-tion is closed to migration. To illustrate the importance of population momentum, a new "Momentum" variant was included in projections of the 2017 Revision.

6. In recent years, fertility has declined in virtually all regions of the world. In Africa, where fertility levels are the highest of any region, total fertility has fallen from 5.1 births per woman in 2000-2005 to 4.7 in 2010-2015. Over the same period, fertility levels also fell in Asia (from 2.4 to 2.2), Latin America and the Caribbean (from 2.5 to 2.1), and Northern America (from 2.0 to 1.85). Europe has been an exception to this trend in recent years, with total fertility increasing from 1.4  births per woman in 2000-2005 to 1.6 in 2010-2015. Total fertility in Oceania has changed little since 2000, at roughly 2.4 births per woman in both 2000-2005 and 2010-2015.

7. The 47 least developed countries (LDCs) as a group continue to have a relatively high level of fertility, at 4.3 births per woman in 2010-2015, and rapid population growth, at 2.4 per cent per year. Although this rate of increase is expected to slow significantly over the next decades, the combined population of the LDCs, roughly one billion in 2017, is projected to increase by 33 per cent between 2017 and 2030, and then to reach 1.9 billion persons in 2050.

8. A reduction in the fertility level results not only in a slower pace of population growth but also in a more aged population; for the population of the world and of many countries and regions, as the population growth rate has fallen over time, the proportion of older persons has increased while that of younger persons has decreased. In 2017, there are more than twice as many children under the age of 15 in the world as there are older persons aged 60 or above. In 2050, however, the number of persons aged 60 or above will be roughly equal to the number of children under the age of 15, with about 2.1 billion in each group.

9. In Europe, 25 per cent of the population is already aged 60 years or over, and that pro-portion is projected to reach 35 per cent in 2050 and 36 per cent in 2100. Populations in other regions are also projected to age significantly over the next several decades. For Latin America and the Caribbean, the population will go from having just 12 per cent of the total at ages 60 and above in 2017 to having 25 per cent at these ages in 2050. Similarly, the population aged 60 or over in Asia is expected to shift from being 12 per cent of the total in 2017 to 24 per cent in 2050, while in Northern America it will move from 22 to 28 per cent, and in Oceania, from 17 to 23 per cent over the same period. Africa, which has the youngest age distribution of any region, is also projected to experience a rapid ageing of its population over the coming decades, with the percentage of its population aged 60 or over rising from 5 per cent in 2017 to around 9 per cent in 2050.

10. Compared to 2017, the number of persons aged 60 or above is expected to more than double by 2050 and more than triple by 2100, rising from 962 million in 2017 to 2.1 billion in 2050 and 3.1 billion in 2100. For this age range, 65 per cent of the global increase between 2017 and 2050 will occur in Asia, 14 per cent in Africa, 11 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the remaining 10 per cent in other areas.

11. The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to triple by 2050, and by 2100 to increase to nearly seven times more in 2017. Globally, the number of persons aged 80 or over

is projected to increase from 137 million in 2017 to 425 million in 2050, and further to 909 mil-lion in 2100. In 2017, 27 per cent of all persons aged 80 or over reside in Europe, but that share is expected to decline to 17 per cent in 2050 and to 10 per cent in 2100 as the populations of other regions continue to increase in size and to grow older themselves.

12. Although the populations of all countries are expected to grow older within the foresee-able future, populations will remain relatively young, at least for the short-term, in regions where fertility is still high. In Africa, for example, 60 per cent of the population is below age 25 in 2017. This percentage will fall slightly to 57 per cent in 2030 and will decline further to around 50 per cent in 2050, but that remains a higher percentage of young people than observed in the other world regions in 2017.

13. Africa continues to experience very high rates of population growth. Between 2017 and 2050, the populations of 26 African countries are projected to reach at least double their cur-rent size. For six African countries, the populations are projected to increase by 2100 to more than five times their current size: Angola, Burundi, Niger, Somalia, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia.

14. Fifty-one countries or areas are projected to undergo a reduction in population size between 2017 and 2050. For ten countries or areas, populations are expected to decrease by more than 15 per cent by 2050: Bulgaria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Ukraine and the United States Virgin Islands.

15. Ten countries are expected to account collectively for more than half of the world’s pro-jected population increase over the period 2017-2050: India, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Pakistan, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, the United States of America, Uganda, Indonesia and Egypt (ordered by their expected contribution to global growth).

16. The 2017 Revision confirms that fertility has continued to fall in almost all countries where it was recently at high levels. Among 201 countries or areas with at least 90,000 inhab-itants in 2017, the number with high levels of fertility (5 children or more per woman) has been reduced roughly by half, from 41 countries in 2000-2005 to 22 in 2010 2015. Afghanistan and Timor-Leste were the only two countries outside of Africa where total fertility was above 5 births per woman during 2010-2015. Among 125 countries where total fertility was above the replacement level (2.1 births per woman) in 2005-2010, fertility fell in 117 of them between 2005-2010 and 2010-2015.

17. More and more countries now have fertility rates that lie below the replacement level, and several have been in this situation for several decades. Eighty-three countries had below-replacement-level fertility during 2010 2015, and for 26 of them, fertility was below 1.5 births per woman. In several countries, fertility rates have fluctuated slightly in the recent past. Fifty-nine countries with below-replacement-level fertility in 2010-2015 recorded a slight increase in fertility at some point between 2000-2005 and 2010-2015, although for 21 of these countries an increase from 2000-2005 to 2005-2010 was followed by a downturn from 2005-2010 to 2010-2015. Only four European countries have had fertility rates above the replacement level during any 5-year period since 1990-1995.

18. In 2010-2015, the 83 countries with below-replacement-level fertility accounted for 46 per cent of the world’s population. The ten most populous countries with below replace-ment fertility are China, the United States of America, Brazil, the Russian Federation, Japan, Viet Nam, Germany, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Thailand and the United Kingdom (in order of population size).

19. Globally, total fertility is expected to fall from 2.5 births per woman in 2010-2015 to 2.2 in 2045-2050 and to 2.0 in 2095-2100, according to the medium-variant projection. However, in Europe and Northern America, total fertility is projected to increase between 2010-2015 and 2045-2050 from 1.60 to 1.78 in Europe and from 1.85 to 1.89 in Northern America. In Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania, fertility is expected to fall between 2010-2015 and 2045-2050, with the largest reductions projected to occur in Africa. In all regions of the world, fertility levels are projected to converge to levels around or below the replacement level by 2095-2100.

20. Levels of adolescent childbearing, which can have adverse health and social conse-quences both for the young mothers and for the children they bear, has fallen in most coun-tries. Nevertheless, high adolescent fertility remains a concern in some parts of the world. Among regions, the adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15-19) in 2010-2015 was highest in Africa, at 99 per 1,000 women, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean at 67 per 1,000. The ratio of adolescent to total fertility was highest in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the birth rate at ages 15-19 years contributed 16 per cent of total fertility.

21. The 2017 Revision confirms that substantial improvements in life expectancy have occurred in recent years. Globally, life expectancy at birth has risen from 65 years for men and 69 years for women in 2000-2005 to 69 years for men and 73 years for women in 2010-2015. However, large disparities between countries remain. At one extreme, countries or areas with a life expectancy of 82 years or more for both sexes combined include Australia, Hong Kong SAR (China), Iceland, Italy, Japan, Macao SAR (China), Singapore, Spain and Switzerland. At the other extreme, countries with a life expectancy below 55 years include the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Lesotho, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Swaziland. Globally, life expectancy for both sexes combined is projected to rise from 71 years in 2010-2015 to 77 years in 2045-2050 and eventually to 83 years in 2095-2100.

22. Life expectancy at birth has increased significantly in the least developed countries in recent years. The gain in life expectancy made by these countries, around 6 years between 2000-2005 and 2010-2015, is roughly double the increase achieved by the rest of the world. Nonetheless, the least developed countries still lag behind other developing countries, where

the average level of life expectancy was 70 years in 2010-2015. The gap in life expectancy at birth between the least developed countries and other developing countries narrowed from 11 years in 2000-2005 to 8 years in 2010-2015. Although differences in life expectancy across regions and income groups are projected to persist in future years, such differences are expected to diminish significantly by 2045-2050.

23. The under-five mortality rate, equal to the probability of dying between birth and age 5, is an important indicator of development and children’s well-being. Progress in reducing under-five mortality has been substantial and far-reaching in recent years. Between 2000-2005 and 2010-2015, under-five mortality decreased by more than 20 per cent in 163 countries, including countries in Africa (47 out of 57 countries), Asia (46 out of 51 countries), Europe (38 out of 40 countries), Latin America and the Caribbean (24 out of 38 countries), and Oceania (8 out of 13 countries). Over this period, under-five mortality fell by more than 30 per cent in 89 countries, with 10 countries seeing a decline of more than 50 per cent.

24. Although the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a major public health concern, HIV/AIDS-related mortality among adults appears to have reached a peak over the past decade in most countries that have been highly affected by the epidemic, thanks mostly to the increas-ing availability of antiretroviral treatments. Nevertheless, in countries where HIV prevalence has been high, the impact of the epidemic in terms of morbidity, mortality and slower popula-tion growth continues to be evident. Thus, in Southern Africa, the sub-region with the highest prevalence of the disease, life expectancy at birth fell from 62 years in 1990-1995 to 53 years in 2000-2005 and 2005-2010, and then increased to 59 years in 2010-2015. While life expectancy in Southern Africa is expected to return to the level where it was in the early 1990s by 2015-2020, this represents a loss of two decades of potential improvements in survival rates.

25. Several Eastern European countries experienced reductions in life expectancy at birth in the late 1980s and 1990s. By 2010-2015 life expectancy in the sub-region had recovered substantially. Nevertheless, with an average level of 72 years, life expectancy in Eastern European countries lags far behind the levels found in Western Europe. At about 70 or 71 years, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine have the lowest levels of life expectancy at birth in Europe.

26. Since 1990, 61 countries have experienced a decline in life expectancy at birth between consecutive five-year periods at least once. These included countries heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, countries in conflict, and countries experiencing increased mortality fol-lowing the breakup of the Soviet Union. The number of countries experiencing a decrease in life expectancy compared to the previous five-year period has fallen dramatically, from a high of 39 in 1990-1995, to 15 in 2000-2005 and just 2 in 2010-2015.

27. There continue to be large movements of migrants between regions, often from low- and middle-income countries toward high-income countries. The volume of the net inflow of migrants to high-income countries in 2010-2015 (3.2 million per year) represented a decline from a peak attained in 2005-2010 (4.5 million per year). High-income countries with a net inflow of more than 100 thousand migrants per year in 2010-2015 included the United States of America, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Oman, Kuwait and Qatar (ordered by size of the net inflow). Among upper-middle-income countries, exclud-ing those experiencing a large influx of refugees, the Russian Federation, South Africa and Malaysia also had a net inflow of more than 100 thousand migrants per year in 2010-2015. The countries with a net outflow of more than 100 thousand migrants per year in 2010-2015, excluding those dominated by refugee movements, were India, Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, the Philippines and Spain.

28. The Syrian refugee crisis has had a major impact on levels and patterns of international migration in recent years, affecting several countries. The estimated net outflow from the Syrian Arab Republic was 4.2 million persons in 2010-2015. Most of these refugees went to Syria’s neighbouring countries, contributing to an unusually large influx of migrants to Turkey (net inflow of 1.6 million over five years), Lebanon (1.25 million) and Jordan (975 thousand).

29. In countries or areas where fertility is already below the replacement level, the popula-tion is expected to decline in size unless the loss due to the excess of deaths over births is counterbalanced by a gain due to positive net migration. However, international migration at or around current levels will be unable to compensate fully for the expected loss of population tied to low levels of fertility, especially in the European region. Between 2015 and 2050, the excess of deaths over births in Europe is projected to total 57 million, whereas the net inflow of international migrants is expected to be around 32 million, implying an overall reduction of Europe’s population by about 25 million.

For the results of World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, visit www.unpopulation.org or contact the Office of Director, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA, by fax: 1 212 963 2147 or by email at population@un.org.

Copyright © United Nations, 2017All rights reserved

ST/ESA/SER.A/378Sales No. E.16.XIII.7

Enquiries should be directed to:Director, Population DivisionDepartment of Economic and Social AffairsUnited Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA

World Population

2017Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Population Division

Data source: World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammy and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

<-20-10~-20

-10~10

10~5050~100100~200

200+

Percentage of population change between 1980 and 2015

Data source: World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. Dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammy and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the parties. Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

<-20-10~-20

-10~10

10~5050~100100~200

200+

Percentage of population change between 2015 and 2050

Estimated population growth, 1980-2015 Projected population growth, 2015-2050

Wall Chart 2017-rev-8.indd 2 28/11/2017 8:42:59 AM