High Population Growth Rate

What would happen if this

became a phenomenon in Singapore?

Q: Can our environment support such growth rates?

Key Concepts

• High population growth rate• Causes• Consequences• Case study of China and India

Recap:

• Birth Rate:• Number of live births per 1,000 people

• Death Rate:• Number of deaths per 1,000 people

• Population growth occurs when• Birth Rate > Death Rate

Key Terms

• High population growth is defined as:— a growth rate that exceeds 2% annually

• Usually in less developed countries• Occurs when

— Birth Rates are high— Death Rates are falling

NigerBirth Rate: 49Fertility Rate: 7 children per woman

SomaliaBirth Rate: 42Fertility Rate: 6 children per woman

OverpopulationA situation whereby there are too many

people living in an area and resources are insufficient to provide everyone with

proper living conditions.

Q: Does overpopulation = high population density?

SingaporePopulation Density: 7,546 km2

MacauDensity: 18,568/km2

BangladeshPopulation Density: 1,034 km2

Overpopulation

Q: How would overpopulation affect the environment of a country?

Video taken at Maeklong Train Market

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOg6rymmJBs

+Consequences1.Massive unemployment too many

people, not enough jobs

2.Widespread hunger not enough food to feed the growing population

3.Poor living conditions not enough houses/people cannot afford proper homes so they live in slums instead

+Consequences4.High levels of illiteracy parents of

cannot afford to send children to school

5.Social problems people may turn to crime such as theft, in order to survive

6.Widespread pollution more waste is being produced without enough manpower to clear them up.

Overpopulation

is a threat to global development!

Q: Why are the birth rates in these countries so high?

+Factors of high birth rates

1. Improved health care

2. Women marrying young

3. Lack of access/ knowledge on family planning

4. Preference for boys

5. Children as a source of labour

+Improved health care Advancements in medical

technology = more babies are surviving to adult age. E.g. in Niger, the mortality rate for

infants has dropped by around 25% since 2000.

Click on chart

+Women marrying young

Click on pic to link vid on Bangladesh

+Women marrying young

In some communities, girls are forced to marry at a very young age

Marry young = start having children of their own earlier = longer child bearing years

+Women marrying youngCultural and social norms impacting the geography of our planet

+PhilippinesFastest growing ASEAN country. Family planning is simply too expensive for some women.

Click on pic to link vid on Philippines

+Lack of or resistance to Family Planning Education levels are poor and

children grow up uninformed about birth control measures.

Some places are geographically isolated and do not have access to family planning.

7 Eleven?

+Lack of or resistance to Family Planning Education levels are poor and

children grow up uninformed about birth control measures.

Some places are geographically isolated and do not have access to family planning.

Some cultures consider large families a status symbol.

+KenyaSome Kenyans still practice polygamy. Children equal status and money. One child is as good as none.

+Preference for boys In certain cultures, boys are seen

as favored as they can carry on the family name

Couples keep having babies until a son is born.

Avoid paying dowries

+Preference for boysE.g. in India, parents of the bride will have to pay large dowries to the groom’s family during marriage

+Children as labour Farming communities need a lot

of manpower

Children serve as free labor and help to cut costs

More children = more productive farms = more income generated

+Children as labourCocoa Child Labourers in Ivory Coast (world’s largest supplier)

Click on pic to link vid on Ivory Coast

+Factors of high birth rates

1. Improved health care

2. Women marrying young

3. Lack of access/ knowledge on family planning

4. Preference for boys

5. Children as a source of labour

Q: How can we reduce birth rates in these countries?

Case Studies

+Together, they make up 30% of the world’s population

+China’s One Child Policy

Urban couples are only allowed to have one child between them.

Enforced through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family and other factors.

Successfully prevented over 300 million births since 1979.

+China’s One Child Policy

+China’s One Child Policy

+India’s Population Policy

Growth rates in India are especially alarming

Currently at 1.2 billion people

Expected to surpass China in 2050 at 1.6 billion

This will put enormous pressure on the countries shrinking resources

+India’s Population Policy

Incentives and allowances are given to women with 2 children to undergo sterilization

Programmes and campaigns to educate the public on the dangers of overpopulation, contraceptives and small family benefits.

Empowering women by encouraging parents to send them to school. Educated women are likely to marry later and

have fewer children

+India’s Population Policy

+India’s Population Policy

Translation: “For a healthy family, wait three years before your second child.”

Summary

• High population growth rate• Causes• Consequences• Case study of China and India