World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism Action and Reaction!
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Transcript of World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism Action and Reaction!
Key Terms Totalitarianism
A form of government that controls every aspect of its citizens’ lives. Citizens have no rights. No opposition.
Militarism - Glorifying and building up your military. Using military force to promote your countries goals.
Nationalism – an extreme form of patriotism. Glorifying and increasing the influence of one’s own country (often at the expense of others)
FascismPolitical system that places the importance
of the nation over the individual.
Nazism Political system that places the importance of
the nation over the individual (Fascism) with the addition of racial superiority
Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
Totalitarian Communist State
Based on equality of all – but a lack of freedoms for all.
State ownership of all property
Stalin’s Plan 2 Main goals:
Raise agriculture productionModernize industry
Five-Year Plan:Take private lands from farmers –
collectivization (you’ll be a farmer whether you like it or not!)
Export food for profit = famine
The Great Purge:
Secret policeUse of force against all other political parties and those who stood against him.
The Weimar Republic: discredited in the eyes of the world
AND Germany Blame of communists, Jews and
liberals for the problems of the Weimar Republic.
Treaty of Versailles
Political Extremism—Communist and fascist and extreme nationalist
Economic disaster!
The people are looking for SALVATION
Germany--Weimar Republic-1920’s
Hitler & GermanyPromised the people work and
a stable governmentIncreased his power through
forceArrested enemies and opponents
Built up the armed forces
Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Extreme
nationalism and racism
Militaristic expansionism
Private property with strong government controls
Anticommunist and Anti-Jew
The Nazi State 1933-1945
Total State control techniques propaganda
masters mass
demonstrations
rearmament of the military – put everyone to work!
Retake land
SS control of police using terror based on Nazi ideology (secret police,camps execution and extermination)
Mussolini “Il Duce” & Italy
In 1919 Mussolini forms the Fascist party
Appointed prime minister in 1922
Italy was plagued with PovertyUnemploymentsocial unrest
Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini
Extreme nationalism Militaristic
expansionism Private property with
strong government controls
Anticommunist
What did he do once in power?
Suspended electionsBanned labor unionsOutlawed opposing political
partiesCensored the pressEmployed spies and secret
police
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain
Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops
Franco wins and sets up a facist dictatorship
Japan Japanese islands – growing population but
limited resources
Need to conquer others obtain resources (oil,
steel and rubber)
As military gets more successful, they get more
power eventually controlling entire
governmentHideki Tojo – Japan Imperialist Military Regime
Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.
1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes
1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes
Hitler announces new Air Force
Compulsory Military Service Troops enter the
Rhineland
League of Nations lodges a formal protest.
1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia Ethiopian Forces cannot stop the invasion Ethiopia Annexed Rome-Berlin Axis formed
League of Nations imposes trade sanctions on Italy. U.S. refuses to
do so…
1936-1939 Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain
Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops
Franco wins and sets up a totalitarian dictatorship
Some U.S. volunteers fight but congress passes Neutrality Acts keeping the U.S. from
getting involved…
1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing Japanese army invades
Nanjing 300,000 dead 20,000 women raped “Rape of Nanjing”
Roosevelt calls for “quarantine” against
aggressive nations like Japan
Japan invades Vietnam, Formosa, Korea, much of China and several Pacific
Islands…
1938 German Anschluss with Austria Hitler pressures the
Austrian Government to join with Germany.
March – troops cross border without opposition
League of Nations lodges a formal protest.
1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia
Hitler claims that Germans need “Lebensraum” – Living Space
Wants to join the “Sudetenland” of Southern Czechoslovakia with Germany – threatens to invade
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs the Munich Pact September, 1938
Troops enter the Sudetenland…
I Bring You Peace
In Our Time!
On March 15, 1939…Hitler invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia…
Britain and France warn them not to invade anyone else…
1939 Germany Attacks Poland
Early ‘39 Germany signs a “non-aggression” Pact with the Soviet-Union!
(we thought Hitler hated Communism…)
Pact allows German forces to invade Poland without Soviet interference
Blitzkrieg tactics Soviets invade from the East
September 1, 1939 Germany invades
Poland!
France and Britain declare war on Germany.
They are helpless to prevent the takeover of
Poland…
World War II BEGINS…
1940 Germany Invades Low Countries and France • Hitler moves troops to
Germanys western borders.
• He attacked and captured Denmark, Netherlands and Belgium
• Invades France trapping British and French troops
• Italy declares war on France and England
Reaction!
• Britain sends every boat possible to evacuate trapped allied forces at Dunkirk
• FRANCE SURRENDERS!
1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) German planes flew
raids against British ports, airfields and industry
Later, bombing targets shift to large cities
British fighter pilots shoot down more than 600 aircraft. British
citizens withstood bombing raids.U.S. begins sending aid to Britain
under the Lend-Lease act
1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor• 300 Japanese bombers and fighter planes attack
the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• They cripple the U.S. fleet, damaging or sinking
18 ships and 300 aircraft