Japanese militarism and occupation
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1 Militarism in Japan
Transcript of Japanese militarism and occupation
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Militarism in Japan
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1918-1932
Emerged from WWI with strong economy Began making democratic reforms Hit hard by the Depression Military Dictatorship takes control
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Japanese Goals of the 1930’s
Revive economy hit by Depression Lead economic modernization in Asia -
hoping to one day rival Europe and theUnited States
Free Asia from western colonial influences Set up “East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” Dominate Asia economically and militarily
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Aggression in Manchuria
September 1931,needing theresources ofManchuria theJapanese armyinvaded
China protested tothe League ofNations
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Aggression in Manchuria
League and UnitedStates condemnedJapanese action inChina, but took nofurther action
Japan withdrew fromthe League in 1933
What does theJapanese ministerclaim?
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Japan withdraws from League
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Tensions Rise in China
By 1937, Japaneseforces overran much ofthe northern part ofChina
Rape of Nanking – in1937 Japanese forcesbrutalized thepopulation of Nanking –murdering over 300,000civilians and soldiers ina few months
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Chinese POWs forced march totheir executions
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Proud Japanese soldiersurrounding victims (holding
head by ear).
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Children Massacred
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Just a footnote:
To this day, Japan denies the extent of brutalityagainst the City of Nanking, China. Unlike post-warGermany, Japan was not forced to pay reparations toTheir victims, nor did they endure a dismantlementof their military infrastructure. Although a constitutionalmonarchy after the war, Emperor Hirohito ruled until isdeath in 1989. There were never any war crimes trials.
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WWII in Asia
Berlin, 1940 - Japan joinsalliance with Germany andItaly
Looked to Europeancolonies in Southeast Asiafor resources
FDR threatened to cut offsupplies of scrap metal,rubber, and oil
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Events leading to Pearl Harbor
Believing the UnitedStates will not only cutoff supplies, but alsodeclare war, theJapanese planned asurprise attack onPearl Harbor toeliminate theAmerican navalpresence in the Pacific
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Events leading to Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941, theJapanese attack PearlHarbor
Japanese miscalculatedAmerican response –instead of cowering, theAmerican people ralliedtogether
December 8, 1941, theUnited States declares waron Japan
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Failure of the Co-prosperity Sphere
Original idea involved a system thatbenefited both Japan and occupiedterritories - “Asia for Asians”
Instead, Japanese imperial troops simplyreplaced European troops
Resources were diverted to supply theJapan war machine – in some casescausing food shortages and famine
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Attempted to institute Japanese customs –insulting the native peoples
Forced some to work in factories and onplantations for little or no wages
Some nationalist groups cooperated withJapanese and some secretly assisted theAllies
Failure of the Co-prosperity Sphere
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Japan’s Eventual Defeat
