World Wars Unit

World War I (1914-1918)World War II (1939-1945)

American Wars American Revolution (1775-1783) War of 1812 (1812-1815) Mexican War (1846-1848) U.S. Civil War (1861-1865) Spanish-American War (1898) World War I (1917-1918) World War II (1941-1945) Korean War (1950-1953) Vietnam War (1953-1975)

American Wars (continued) Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) War in Afghanistan (2001-Present) Iraq War (2003-2011)

Causes of World War I1. Nationalism – Pride in one’s country

Causes of World War I2. Entangled Alliances – agreements

between nations to protect each other.

Causes of World War I

3. Militarism• Arms races between nations• Built up to intimidate other nations• Russian army had over 1,000,000• Germany and France had 900,000 each4. Imperialism – Stronger countries taking

over smaller ones

The Spark Assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand• From Austria-Hungary & was visiting

Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. • He was assassinated by terrorists of

Serbia who wanted Bosnia to break from A-H and join Serbia

The Spark

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian Assassin

Franz Ferdinand & his wife

Central Powers vs Allied Powers

Central Powers GERMANY AUSTRIA

HUNGARY OTTOMAN

EMPIRE

Allied Powers FRANCE BRITAIN RUSSIA ITALY

Conditions on the Front in WWI

1. New Weapons Utilized• Machine Guns• Poison gas (Mustard Gas)• Tanks • Airplanes & U-Boats (Submarines)

Conditions on the Front in WWI

2. Trench Warfare• “No Man’s Land”• Disease and influenza

Battle of Ypres“Legends of the Fall”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYWlhwmxg7g

First Three Years of the War Deadly battles were fought w/

nothing to show but a stalemate. A stalemate is a deadlock in which

neither side is strong enough to defeat the other.

America Joins the War

US Army

President Woodrow Wilson gets declaration of war from Congress

Entire army led by General Pershing Industrial power of the U.S. changes

the course of the war Shortly after joining the war,

Germany seeks peace

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

World War I Casualties

Effects of World War I Treaty of Versailles

-Establishment of League of Nations-German reparations : King Wilhelm II

steps down• Over 9 million dead – known as the

Lost Generation

*America seen as a power to be dealt with after the war.

WWI - End of Empires Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany & Austria) Romanov’s (Russian Czars) Ottoman Empire (Middle East)

Family of Czar Nicholas II –last of the Romanov Rulers of Russia

The Russian Revolution 1917—Workers revolt

against the Czar --Bolsheviks take over Russia and begin a socialist system under Vladimir Lenin.

Allied countries (Great Britain, France, Japan and the United States) send troops to support anti-communist forces, but communist forces eventually prevail.

The Soviet Union 1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet

Union (USSR)

The Rise of Joseph Stalin 1924—Lenin dies–

Several leaders struggle for power including Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.

Eventually, Stalin seizes power and becomes a dictator over USSR—imposing a totalitarian state.

He begins a Five Year Plan to increase industrialization and collectivize agriculture in the Soviet Union.

The Red Scare After the Russian Revolution, fear of a

similar revolution in the United States by communists from Russia led to a period known as the Red Scare.

This led to increase fear of immigrants and restrictions on immigration were passed by Congress.

New Leaders Emerge In Italy, a new fascist

government emerged in 1922 under Benito Mussolini. He rose to power using propaganda, brutality, and intimidation—promoting an ultra-nationalist Italy and himself as Il Duce (“the Leader”).

Fascism in Germany

In 1921, Adolf Hitler took control of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party—better known as the Nazis.

He became chancellor of Germany in 1933 and eventually claimed the title Fuhrer (guide of Germany) and established himself as dictator over the Third Reich.

Leadership in Japan Japanese Emperor

Hirohito began his reign in Japan in 1926. He did not exercise absolute control over the government.

Instead, an army general, Hideki Tojo, assumed the role of Japan’s premier –leading it through World War II.

Authoritarian Government and Totalitarianism

Authoritarian Government - is ruled by a single person or party interested in political power.

Totalitarianism - is a government which seeks to control not only political power, but the economy, culture, and social life.

These governments often use terror and fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling access to information such as the press and education. (Examples: Italy, Germany, & USSR)

Aggression in Asia 1931—Japan

Invades Manchuria Japan leaves the

League of Nations By 1938, Japan has

control of major cities along Chinese coast

German Expansion Hitler begins rebuilding German military

and marches troops into the Rhineland (lost in WWI)

Germany annexes Austria and claims parts of the Sudetenland

Great Britain and France pursue policy of appeasement—rather than challenge Hitler’s aggression

In 1939, Hitler invades Poland Britain and France declare war on

Germany—thus beginning World War II

The Holocaust Hitler’s policy of Nazi racism

targeted Jewish people and fed on European anti-semitism (racism against Jews)

Hitler viewed Jews as a national enemy and began implementing his Final Solution—elimination of Jewish people by sending them to concentration camps as slave laborers and then executing them in gas chambers

The extermination of nearly 6 million Jews, as well as Gypsies, Slavs, and other people deemed undesirable came to be known as the Holocaust

World War II --1940 Germany invades and takes control of:

Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands and France

Begin “blitzkrieg” of Britain; nightly bombing raids

British Royal Air Force help fight off German air assault and prevent invasion.

Axis Powers 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an

alliance known as the Axis Powers

US Neutrality before World War II

1935— Neutrality Act passed by Congress to stay out of European conflicts

1940 -- U.S. imposes embargo on Japan after its invasion of China

March, 1941– Congress passes Lend-Lease Act to allow President

Roosevelt to send aid to Great Britain

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7th 1941—Japan launches surprise

attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

After Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares war on Japan and joins Allies (Great Britain, USSR, and French resistance) against the Axis Powers

U.S. joins Allies in World War II

Women join domestic war effort Many women filled

industrial jobs that had been held by men who were sent overseas

A popular symbol of these women was Rosie the Riveter

Suspicion of Germans, Italians and Japanese in U.S.

Since the U.S. was at war with these countries, suspicion of citizens with origins in Germany, Italy and Japan led to their removal to remote internment camps.

Allied Powers meet at Tehran In 1943, leaders of

the three major Allied Powers (Churchill—Britain, Roosevelt--US, Stalin-- USSR) met in the Tehran Conference to discuss plans for defeating Germany

D-Day June 6, 1944 - The

amphibious invasion of Normandy (occupied by Nazis) named Operation Overlord –headed by supreme allied commander Dwight D. Eisenhower

Germany Surrenders German power pushed back to Berlin With Russian and American Armies

approaching Berlin, Hitler commits suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945

German officers surrender on May 8, 1945

Known as V-E Day (Victory Europe Day)

The Atomic Bomb Led by Robert Oppenheimer,

the Manhattan Project successfully produced two Atomic bombs at Los Alamos, New Mexico (called Fat Man and Little Boy)

On August 6th, 1945, the first Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan

Three days later, a second bomb exploded over Nagasaki

Japan surrendered on August 14th, 1945—thus ending World War II and beginning the Atomic Age