World War IIWorld War II

Chapters 16 and 17Chapters 16 and 17

Dictators Threaten World Dictators Threaten World PeacePeace

Following World War lFollowing World War l

Many hoped the world would be safe for Many hoped the world would be safe for democracy; Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”democracy; Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”The United States did not join the League The United States did not join the League of Nations; the League was weakof Nations; the League was weakGermans resented being blamed for World Germans resented being blamed for World War I; upset about losing territory they War I; upset about losing territory they thought was Germanthought was GermanSoviet Union (Russia) resented the new Soviet Union (Russia) resented the new nations created out of former Russian nations created out of former Russian territoryterritory

Rise of Totalitarian DictatorsRise of Totalitarian Dictators

Totalitarian Government: a govt Totalitarian Government: a govt with complete control over its with complete control over its citizens; individuals have no rightscitizens; individuals have no rightsJoseph Stalin-Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin-Soviet UnionBenito Mussolini-ItalyBenito Mussolini-ItalyAdolf Hitler-GermanyAdolf Hitler-GermanyFrancisco Franco-SpainFrancisco Franco-Spain

Joseph Stalin-CommunismJoseph Stalin-CommunismCame to power in Came to power in 19241924Very ruthlessVery ruthlessWanted no private Wanted no private business ownership business ownership or private farmsor private farmsGovernment took Government took over industryover industryAnyone criticized Anyone criticized him, that person was him, that person was arrested or put to arrested or put to deathdeath

Benito Mussolini-FascismBenito Mussolini-Fascism

Strong centralized Strong centralized govt lead by a govt lead by a dictatordictatorDid not run factories Did not run factories or farms, but ran all or farms, but ran all aspects of Italian aspects of Italian lifelifeItaly was very Italy was very militaristic; invaded militaristic; invaded and captured and captured EthiopiaEthiopia

Adolf Hitler-NazismAdolf Hitler-Nazism

Nazi Party Nazi Party gained power in gained power in Germany in 1932Germany in 1932Combined Combined extreme extreme nationalism, nationalism, racism, and racism, and imperialismimperialism

Hitler continuedHitler continued

Appealed to many Germans/ much Appealed to many Germans/ much depression and unemploymentdepression and unemploymentWanted to unite all German-speaking Wanted to unite all German-speaking people into a new German empire, or people into a new German empire, or ReichReichBelieved Germans, especially “Aryans” Believed Germans, especially “Aryans” were a master racewere a master raceMeant to have power over all inferior racesMeant to have power over all inferior racesHitler became “chancellor”Hitler became “chancellor”

JapanJapan

Also became very aggressive Also became very aggressive when military leaders took over when military leaders took over Japan-wanted more land and Japan-wanted more land and resourcesresources

SpainSpain

Francisco Franco-became a Francisco Franco-became a totalitarian leader in 1939totalitarian leader in 1939

Formed a fascist governmentFormed a fascist government

In the United StatesIn the United States

Recovering from the Great Recovering from the Great DepressionDepressionIsolationism became more popularIsolationism became more popularCongress passed Neutrality Acts; no Congress passed Neutrality Acts; no loans or arms sales to nations at warloans or arms sales to nations at warFDR spoke out against isolationism; FDR spoke out against isolationism; said that peace-loving nations should said that peace-loving nations should take a stand against lawless nationstake a stand against lawless nations

War in EuropeWar in Europe

Munich PactMunich Pact

1938; Sudetenland (many German-1938; Sudetenland (many German-speaking people lived there) in speaking people lived there) in Czechoslovakia was given to HitlerCzechoslovakia was given to HitlerWinston Churchill-prime minister of Winston Churchill-prime minister of Great Britain called the pact Great Britain called the pact “dishonorable appeasement”“dishonorable appeasement”Predicted appeasement would lead to Predicted appeasement would lead to warwar

Appeasement: Trying to Appeasement: Trying to pacify an aggressor in order pacify an aggressor in order

to keep peaceto keep peace

German/Soviet Union Non-German/Soviet Union Non-Aggression PactAggression Pact

Stalin and Hitler said that neither Stalin and Hitler said that neither would attack the otherwould attack the other

Both agreed to attack, invade and Both agreed to attack, invade and divide Poland divide Poland

World War IIWorld War II

AxisAxisGermanyGermanyItalyItalyJapanJapanBulgariaBulgariaHungaryHungary

AlliesAlliesGreat BritainGreat BritainFranceFranceUnited StatesUnited States (After Pearl (After Pearl Harbor-1941)Harbor-1941)Soviet Union Soviet Union (eventually)(eventually)

German OffensiveGerman Offensive

World War II began on September 1, World War II began on September 1, 1939 when Germany invaded Poland1939 when Germany invaded Poland

Many Jews lived in PolandMany Jews lived in Poland

Blitzkrieg: “lightning war”; the Blitzkrieg: “lightning war”; the Germans attacked by surprise using Germans attacked by surprise using tanks and planestanks and planes

Wanted to crush the enemy quicklyWanted to crush the enemy quickly

German Attack on FranceGerman Attack on France

May 1940May 1940Italy attacked France from the Italy attacked France from the southsouthFrance surrendered June 1940France surrendered June 1940Vichy government: puppet Nazi Vichy government: puppet Nazi government that controlled government that controlled France in the southFrance in the south

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

August 1940August 1940Germans bombed London night after Germans bombed London night after nightnightRadar first used by the British to Radar first used by the British to detect German planesdetect German planesBritain never surrenderedBritain never surrenderedGermany gave up the idea of Germany gave up the idea of invading Britaininvading Britain

The HolocaustThe Holocaust

Hitler wanted to make Germany Hitler wanted to make Germany racially pureracially pureJews were blamed for German failure Jews were blamed for German failure and frustrationand frustrationMany Jews were Many Jews were professionals=lawyers, business professionals=lawyers, business people, doctors, etc.people, doctors, etc.Anti-Semitism: Hatred of JewsAnti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews

Holocaust ContinuedHolocaust Continued

Jews were forced to wear yellow stars Jews were forced to wear yellow stars of David on clothingof David on clothingAmerica rejected many Jewish America rejected many Jewish refugees as wellrefugees as wellFinal Solution: Healthy Jews were Final Solution: Healthy Jews were sent to slave labor campssent to slave labor campsThe rest were sent to extermination The rest were sent to extermination and concentration campsand concentration camps

Holocaust ContinuedHolocaust Continued

Jews, homosexuals, communists, Jews, homosexuals, communists, gypsies, mentally and physically gypsies, mentally and physically disabled were rounded up and sent to disabled were rounded up and sent to these campsthese camps1941, 6 death camps were built in 1941, 6 death camps were built in PolandPoland6,000 killed daily6,000 killed dailyAuschwitz was the most severe Auschwitz was the most severe 11 million people were killed as a result11 million people were killed as a result

America moves toward warAmerica moves toward war

November 1939, the Neutrality Acts November 1939, the Neutrality Acts were amended; allowed Britain and were amended; allowed Britain and France to transport American armsFrance to transport American arms““All aid short of war” sent to help the All aid short of war” sent to help the BritishBritishU.S. military forces were weakU.S. military forces were weakFirst peacetime draft passed in First peacetime draft passed in September 1940September 1940

ContinuedContinued

President Franklin Roosevelt said President Franklin Roosevelt said that the United States would not that the United States would not enter war, unless attackedenter war, unless attacked

June 1941, U.S. Navy ordered to June 1941, U.S. Navy ordered to protect lend-lease shipsprotect lend-lease ships

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter

U.S. and Great Britain-statement of U.S. and Great Britain-statement of goals for fighting WW II, although the goals for fighting WW II, although the U.S. was not yet at warU.S. was not yet at war

Winston Churchill-Prime Minister of Winston Churchill-Prime Minister of Great BritainGreat Britain

Called for peace and for all countries Called for peace and for all countries to choose their own governmentto choose their own government

United States and JapanUnited States and Japan

Hideki Tojo- Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo- Japanese Prime Minister and militant generaland militant generalJapan needed American oil to run war Japan needed American oil to run war machinemachineU.S. cut off oil exports to Japan when U.S. cut off oil exports to Japan when Japan invaded IndochinaJapan invaded IndochinaJapan began peace talks with U.S., Japan began peace talks with U.S., but secretly prepared for warbut secretly prepared for war

ContinuedContinued

During peace talks, December 7, 1941, During peace talks, December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a U.S. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in Hawaiinaval base in HawaiiOver 2,400 killedOver 2,400 killedPlanes and ships destroyedPlanes and ships destroyedCongress declared war on Japan, then Congress declared war on Japan, then Italy and Germany declared war on U.S.Italy and Germany declared war on U.S.The United States would fight a war on The United States would fight a war on 2 fronts2 fronts

America Enters WW IIAmerica Enters WW II

War was fought on 2 fronts-Europe War was fought on 2 fronts-Europe and the Pacificand the PacificMany soldiers were neededMany soldiers were needed5 million volunteered; 10 million 5 million volunteered; 10 million drafteddraftedMany minorities fought-Native Many minorities fought-Native Americans, Hispanics, African-Americans, Hispanics, African-AmericansAmericans

WAACWAAC

Women’s Auxillary Army CorpsWomen’s Auxillary Army Corps

Created to free more men for combatCreated to free more men for combat

Women served in the military, but did Women served in the military, but did not get the same pay or benefits not get the same pay or benefits (nurses and radio operators)(nurses and radio operators)

Never fought in combat situationsNever fought in combat situations

Wartime IndustryWartime Industry

Unemployment numbers Unemployment numbers significantly decreasedsignificantly decreasedAutomakers made planes, tanks, Automakers made planes, tanks, and other vehiclesand other vehiclesMany women worked in these Many women worked in these industries while men fought in the industries while men fought in the warwar

American Home Front During American Home Front During World War IIWorld War II

Government recruited scientists Government recruited scientists to develop medicines and new to develop medicines and new weaponsweapons–The result was radar, sonar, The result was radar, sonar,

penicillin and other drugs, and the penicillin and other drugs, and the atomic bombatomic bomb

Home Front ContinuedHome Front Continued

Ways Americans supported the Ways Americans supported the war effort:war effort:–Bought war bonds (liberty bonds)Bought war bonds (liberty bonds)

–People collected scrap metal and People collected scrap metal and newspapers newspapers

–Many scarce goods were rationedMany scarce goods were rationedMeat, gasoline, sugar, etc.Meat, gasoline, sugar, etc.

Scrap Metal DrivesScrap Metal Drives

War Ration BookWar Ration Book

Home Front ContinuedHome Front Continued

Women greatly contributed to the Women greatly contributed to the war effort war effort –““Rosie the Riveter”Rosie the Riveter”

Families planted “victory gardens”Families planted “victory gardens”Propaganda was used to Propaganda was used to encourage Americans to support encourage Americans to support the warthe war

Rosie the RiveterRosie the Riveter

Propaganda to encourage women Propaganda to encourage women to support the war effortto support the war effort

American PropagandaAmerican Propaganda

American PropagandaAmerican Propaganda

American PropagandaAmerican Propaganda

American PropagandaAmerican Propaganda

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans

Many in the United States were Many in the United States were fearful Japanese Americans were fearful Japanese Americans were working against Americansworking against Americans

About 110,000 were confined and About 110,000 were confined and sent to internment campssent to internment camps; about ; about 2/3’s were actually nisei, or 2/3’s were actually nisei, or American born U.S. citizensAmerican born U.S. citizens

Japanese Internment CampsJapanese Internment Camps

War Relocation Camps-Internment CampsWar Relocation Camps-Internment Camps

Important Events in World War Important Events in World War IIII

World War II begins when Germany World War II begins when Germany invades Poland-1939invades Poland-1939Japan attacks the United States at Pearl Japan attacks the United States at Pearl Harbor-December 7, 1941Harbor-December 7, 1941German invasion of Soviet Union-1942-German invasion of Soviet Union-1942-1943-Battle of Stalingrad-Germans 1943-Battle of Stalingrad-Germans unsuccessfulunsuccessfulGermany was pushed out of the Soviet Germany was pushed out of the Soviet Union and North Africa-1943Union and North Africa-1943

ContinuedContinued

D-Day: June 6, 1944- the largest D-Day: June 6, 1944- the largest land-sea-air operation in history; land-sea-air operation in history; planned by General Dwight D. planned by General Dwight D. Eisenhower; also known as Eisenhower; also known as Operation OverlordOperation Overlord–Allies landed at Normandy Beach to Allies landed at Normandy Beach to

try to liberate (free) Western Europe try to liberate (free) Western Europe from the Germans and Axis powersfrom the Germans and Axis powers

ContinuedContinued

Franklin D. Roosevelt died on Franklin D. Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945; Vice President April 12, 1945; Vice President Harry S. Truman would take officeHarry S. Truman would take office

The Soviets reach Berlin in April The Soviets reach Berlin in April 1945; Germany surrendered and 1945; Germany surrendered and Hitler committed suicide on April Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 194530, 1945

ContinuedContinued

May 8, 1945; VICTORY IN May 8, 1945; VICTORY IN EUROPE day; known as VE DayEUROPE day; known as VE Day–The first part of the war was overThe first part of the war was over

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

The strategy in the Pacific was called The strategy in the Pacific was called island hoppingisland hoppingThe plan was to attack less well-The plan was to attack less well-defended islands that Japan controlled defended islands that Japan controlled in the Pacific and eventually get to the in the Pacific and eventually get to the main island of Japanmain island of JapanThere were many casualties in the There were many casualties in the PacificPacific

Major American victories in the Major American victories in the PacificPacific

Coral SeaCoral Sea

MidwayMidway

GuadalcanalGuadalcanal

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

OkinawaOkinawa

U.S. feared very high casualties if U.S. feared very high casualties if mainland of Japan was invadedmainland of Japan was invaded

Americans at Iwo JimaAmericans at Iwo Jima

Use of the Atomic BombUse of the Atomic Bomb

Manhattan Project: secret code Manhattan Project: secret code name for the creation of the Atomic name for the creation of the Atomic BombBomb

Many were divided about whether or Many were divided about whether or not to use the bombnot to use the bomb

August 6, 1945: First atomic bomb August 6, 1945: First atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japanwas dropped on Hiroshima, Japan

Atomic Bomb ContinuedAtomic Bomb Continued

August 9, 1945: When Japan did August 9, 1945: When Japan did not surrender, a second atomic not surrender, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, JapanJapan

By the end of 1945, an estimated By the end of 1945, an estimated 200,000 were dead in Japan as a 200,000 were dead in Japan as a result result

Results of World War IIResults of World War II

The economy boomed during World The economy boomed during World War llWar ll

Many women entered the workforce Many women entered the workforce for the first timefor the first time

Marriage rate boomed during the warMarriage rate boomed during the war

Divorce rate also increased as Divorce rate also increased as servicemen returned homeservicemen returned home

Results ContinuedResults Continued

GI Bill: allowed veterans to attend GI Bill: allowed veterans to attend college or technical school with paid college or technical school with paid tuitiontuitionAfrican Americans began striving African Americans began striving harder for equal rightsharder for equal rightsJapanese Americans suffered greatlyJapanese Americans suffered greatlyThe United Nations was created in The United Nations was created in 19451945