Ancient Greece 1900-133 B.C.. Early Civilizations in Greece 4.1.
WORLD HISTORY UNIT 1, CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY ANCIENT GREECE 1900-133 B.C.
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Transcript of WORLD HISTORY UNIT 1, CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY ANCIENT GREECE 1900-133 B.C.
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WORLD HISTORY
•UNIT 1, CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY
•ANCIENT GREECE 1900-133 B.C.
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geography• Crete • the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean • Sparta • an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; seized more
land when needed • Athens • the capital and largest city of Greece; enemy of Sparta • Thebes • an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the
Great in 336 BC • Macedonia • an ancient kingdom ruled by Alexander the Great that
conquered Greece and the Persian empire in the 300s BC • Mount Olympus • the highest mountain in Greece, where the ancient Greeks
believed many of their gods and godessess lived• Minoan Civilization • a civilization that existed on the Mediterranean island of Crete
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Greek Gods on Mt. Olympus--Can you identify them?
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philosophy• Philosophy • an organized system of thought • Epicureanism • philosophy founded by Epicurus in
Hellenistic Athens; taught that happiness through the pursuit of pleasure was the goal of life
• Socratic Method • a method of teaching by question
and answer
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government• Polis • a city state • Democracy • A government by the rule of the many • Oligarchy • a political system governed by a few people• ephors • a group of five men who were elected each year and
were responsible for the education of the youth and conduct of the citizens
• Direct Democracy • system of government in which people gather at mass
meetings to decide on government matters
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EPHORS MEANS “ELDERS”--The hemeredrome, Pheidippides, implores the Spartan ephors for aid at Marathon.
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war• Delian League • Pact joined in by Athenians and other
Greeks to continue the war with Persia • Hoplites • heavily armed infantry soldiers or foot
soldiers • Phalanx • a military formation of foot soldiers armed
with spears and shields • Helots • Slaves to the Spartans that revolted and
nearly destroyed Sparta in 650 B.C.E.
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Macedonian phalanx
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people• Solon • a reform-minded aristocrat• Philip II • king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great (382-
336 BC) • Alexander the Great • son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian;
conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world
• Eratosthenes • Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the
circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun (276-194 BC)
• Euclid • He is the father of geometry and wrote a book explaining
geometry (the Elements) • Archimedes • the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era • Xerxes • son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the
Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C.
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Archimedes’ “Screw” was able to draw water upwards using gravity
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More people• Sophocles • Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex • Herodotus • the ancient Greek known as the father of history • Thucydides • considered the greatest historian of the ancient world • Pythagoras • Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean
theorem • Socrates • ancient Athenian philosopher who did not believe in recording
anything • Plato • one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the
GREATEST philosopher of western civilization • Aristotle • one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; Student of
Plato • Pericles • Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athens’ political
and cultural supremacy in Greece
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*Remember Socrates taught Plato & Plato taught Aristotle & Aristotle taught Alexander the Great
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art & culture• Tragedies • the first Greek dramas; presented in
a trilogy ... serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayal
• Homer • ancient Greek epic poet who is
believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
• Epic Poem • a long narrative poem telling of a
hero's deeds
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Homer the poet
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MISCELLANEOUS (random) terms• Acropolis • served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes
came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built
• Agora • served as a place where people could assemble and as a
market • Age of Pericles • a period of classical Athenian and Greek history in which
Athens reached its highest power • Ostracism • procedure used by Athenian assembly in 5th century B.C. to
banish a citizen for 10 years without revoking their rights; 6,000 votes were needed for banishment
• Oracle • a sacred shrine where a god or goddess revealed the future
through a priest or a priestess • Oracle of Apollo at Delphi • The most famous of Greek oracles
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The Acropolis