1750 B.C. – 133 B.C. Ancient Greece Cory may.
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Transcript of 1750 B.C. – 133 B.C. Ancient Greece Cory may.
5: Alexander the Great
1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.
Ancient GreeceCory may
Alexander’s Empire
Philip’s Empire (359-336 B.C.E.)
Philip’s Empire (359-336 B.C.E.)
Two Goals for Greece: Unify & Bring Peace to Greece Liberate Greek city-states in Persia
Realized the Army was Important Small, professional Force Used the phalanx
338 B.C.E. - Defeats Athens & Thebes at Chaeronea – gains control of Greece
How/Why might Philip’s success lead to success for Alexander?
The Macedonian Phalanx
The Reign of Alexander
The Reign of Alexander
Military Campaigns 334 – At 22 defeats Persians at Granicus – 1st
major victory 333 – Victory at Issus; later conquers Egypt 331 – Defeats Darius III at Gaugamela▪ Why does he defeat the Persians so quickly/easily?
Campaigns into North/Central Asia India: Faces war elephants, troops mutiny
323 – Alexander dies @ Babylon (32) from a fever “To the Strongest.”
The Reign of Alexander
Policies Policy of Despotism = absolute power Ruled w/a Velvet Glove = gentle▪ Ruled through local structures, respected
religions▪ Why might this policy help Alexander?
Could be ruthless – destroyed Thebes & Tyre
Do you see any similarities between Alexander and his father, Philip?
The Empire Breaks
The Empire Breaks
Greece – Lysimachus and Cassander Asia Minor - Antigonus Egypt – Ptolemy rules w/ Macedonian
& Greek elites until Roman conquest Seleucid Empire – centered on
Babylon Iran, Syria, Afghanistan, Anatolia Fragments by 200 B.C. – centered
around Syria
The Legacy of Alexander’s Empire
Spread Greek language & culture = assimilation
Building of roads, canals, & cities = facilitation of trade in all directions
Alexandria, Egypt becomes world’s greatest city Known for the Pharos, a lighthouse, & its
library New Role for Women
Learn to read and write, some gain power
Legacy continued
Stoicism – accept life, morality Advances in math and astronomy
Pythagoras, Euclid (math); Archimedes (science)
Heliocentric theory – solar system centered on the sun
Eratosthenes = earth was round World of Medicine
Hippocrates – take the oath
Empire Building: What Difference Does it Make?
Empires Mesopotamians & Greeks – City-States Egyptians & Persians – Consolidated Nations Macedonians – Exploitations w/ Skilled Father
& Son
▪ Traits - What traits/qualities/goods did these empires bring to the table?
Limitations Aristotle – “To the Size of States there is a
Limit.”
Questions to Answer
What were Philip’s two main goals when he set out to conquer Greece & the rest of the Balkans? How did he achieve these goals (or did he)?
How did Alexander accomplish his father’s goals? How did he expand from/off of them?
What are the lasting impacts of empires? (Greece, Macedonia, Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia)?