World History Through Architecture and Art
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Transcript of World History Through Architecture and Art
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World HistoryThrough Architecture and Art
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ANCIENT EGYPT
• The theme of Egyptian architecture is: The Focus on the afterlife
• Pyramids were built mostly by slaves to serve as tombs when the Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs died.
• There are 138 pyramids found in Egypt as of 2008.
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Surveying the sands of Giza, the great Sphinx has stood guard since about 2500 B.C. The greatest monumental sculpture in the ancient world, the Sphinx is carved
out of a single ridge of stone 240 feet (73 meters) long and 66 feet (20 meters) high. It represent the body of a lion with the head of a king or a god.
The Great Sphinx in Egypt
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Ancient Mesopotamia
Ziggurats These were temples not tombs.
Kings built these temples to perform religious ceremonies.
Scientists have discovered 19 ziggurats and we know of 10 more through literature.
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Ancient Greece
The Parthenon Greek Art and Architecture
Built in the city of Athens and dedicated to the goddess Athena.
Greek life was dominated by religion, their buildings were dedicated to the Gods.
The column is a common feature in their structures.
Their art tries to portray the human body “in motion” and “the beauty” of humans.
They used marble and limestone to build these structures.
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Famous Greek
Structures• The Dodoni Greek Theater• The Temple of Poseidon
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Ancient Rome
The Coliseum Roman Aqueducts Completed in the year 80 A.D. by
the emperor Vespasian. The coliseum seated 55,000
spectators and was used to entertain the Romans.
Built to carry water from lakes to the Roman cities. The Arch was used for support.
The aqueducts provided Romans with a constant flow of water for their needs.
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More Roman Structures
One of 1000’s of roads the Romans built by their army.
The remains of the famous Roman Forum
The Verona Arena built to seat up to 30,000 people.
The Baalbek temple built in Lebanon.
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Ruins from the ancient city of Pompeii. Destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in background.
Theater built in 16 B.C. in Merida (seats 6,000)
Notice how the Romans portrayed the human body.
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Byzantium Empire
Hagia Sophia Basilica of San Vitale Built in 537; has been a church,
mosque and museum. Located in Istanbul, Turkey.
Byzantine cathedral built in 547 in Italy.
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Byzantine Influence in Russia
St. Basil Cathedral Moscow 1561
The Hermitage St. Petersburg 1764
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Famous Ancient
Structures in Asia
• The Great Wall of China built over 2000 years to protect China from outside invaders.
• Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple in the world. Located in Cambodia it was built in the 12 century.
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Famous Ancient
Structures in Asia
• Forbidden City: built in 1406 in China during the Ming dynasty, has over 1000 buildings and was home to the emperor.
• The Shwedagon Pagoda located in Myanmar is over 2500 years old and is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Asia.
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Famous Ancient
Structures in Asia
• The Taj Mahal in Arga, India was built by emperor Shah Jahan for his wife. It took 20,000 workers and was completed in 1653.
• The Potala Palace, located in Tibet was built in 1659 is the highest elevated Buddhist temple in the world.
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Architecture of the Middle Ages
Chartres Cathedral in France (1193)
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Cathedrals of the Middle Ages
Notre Dame de Paris Paris, France
Built in 1163
Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany
Built in 1248
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Salisbury Cathedral
Salisbury, England Built in 1258
A new style of architecture emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages. Some common traits of these Medieval churches included:
A. Stained glass windowsB. High vaulted ceilingsC. Tall arches and spiresD. Heavy roofs with thick walls.
• Cathedrals were built in all European cities and represented the wealth of the church.
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More examples of Middle Age Architecture
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italy) 1173 - 1399
Mont Saint Michel (France)
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Castles of the Middle Ages
Tower of London London, England Built in 1078
Windsor Castle Berkshire, England Built
in 1086
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European Renaissance Architecture
Santa Maria del Fiore Florence, Italy (1446)
St. Peters BasilicaVatican City (1506)
* Worlds largest church
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Renaissance Architecture
• Architects were inspired by the highly symmetrical and carefully proportioned buildings of Classical Greece and Rome.
Features of Renaissance buildings: - Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors. - Extensive use of columns and pilasters. - Arches - Domes - Sculptures
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Famous Renaissance Paintings
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Architecture from the Enlightenment Period 1600 - 1800
Architecture was marked by a return to the intrinsic
dignity of what a contemporary called "the
noble simplicity and tranquil loftiness of the ancients.“
Classical style had resisted baroque influences, the
great country houses of the nobility now exhibited a
purity of design, which often included a portico with
Corinthian columns.
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Palace of Versailles
History and How the Palace of Versailles was
constructed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oRPSEEEdV8
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Architecture in the Americas:
Pre-Columbus
Machu Picchu (The Incas)
Chichen Itza (The Mayans)
Tenochtitlan (The Aztecs)
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Famous Structures in the United States
Mount Rushmore Statue of Liberty
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Famous Structures in the United States
Golden Gate Bridge Empire State Building
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Famous Structures in the United States
St. Louis Arch Washington Monument
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Famous modern works around the world
In the United Kingdom
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In Europe
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Around the world
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Man Made StructuresWe are still learning about…
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Stonehenge- Amesbury, England
- Built around 2600 B.C.
Easter Island Heads
- Easter Island (Pacific Ocean)
- Built around 13th to 15th centuries
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The Great Zimbabwe Ruins
- Built around the 11th century
-“The three buried ancient circles in
Turkey”
- Built long before Stonehenge in Southern
Turkey these ancient relics still pose questions for
scientists.
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And Finally…
Some pictures of the world’s tallest
structures
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(1) Burj KhalifaDubia, UAE (2010)
2717 Feet
(2) Shanghai TowerShanghai, China (2014)
2073 Feet
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(3) Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel
Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2012)1971 Feet
(5) Taipei 101Taipei, Taiwan (2004)
1670 Feet
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(8/9) Petronas TowersKuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998)
1483 Feet
(57) Burj Al ArabDubai, UAE (1999)
1053 Feet
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Hopefully you have seen how architecture has changed over
the centuries and time periods. It will be interesting to see how architecture will evolve in the 21st century.