History of Art and Architecture Bsc ID 1 Sem Final

8/12/2019 History of Art and Architecture Bsc ID 1 Sem Final

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Introduction-

Architectural history studies the evolution and history ofarchitecture across the

world through a consideration of socio-cultural, political, economic and

technological influences.

Stone Age:

The Stone Age is a broadprehistoric period during whichstone was widelyused to make implements with a sharp edge, a point, or a percussion

surface.

The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 6000 BCEand 2000 BCE with the advent ofmetalworking.

They also killed animals for food and clothing.

The Stone Age is divided by archaeologists (people who study relics) intothree sections:

Paleolithic ("old stone"), Mesolithic ("middle stone") Neolithic ("new stone").

The oldest known stone tools have been excavated from several sites atGona,Ethiopia.

Stone tools were made from a variety of stone. Forexample,flint andchert were shaped (orchipped)for use as cutting tools

and weapons, while basalt and sandstone were used for ground

stone tools.

During the most recent part of the period,sediments (such as clay) wereused to makepottery.

Agriculture was developed and certain animals weredomesticated. Food sources of the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers were wild plants and

animals harvested from theenvironment. Around 2 million years ago,Homo habilis is believed to have constructed

the first man-made structure in East Africa, consisting of simple

arrangements of stones to hold branches of trees in position. Around 2

million years ago,Homo habilis is believed to have constructed the first

man-made structure in East Africa, consisting of simple arrangements of

stones to hold branches of trees in position.

Mostly animals were painted, in theory ones that were used as food orrepresented strength, such as therhinoceros or largecats .
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Neolithic Age:

The Neolithic Era, or New Stone age, was a period in the development ofhuman technology, beginning about 10,200 BC.

Traditionally considered the last part of theStone Age The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics

and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and

ofdomesticated animals.

The organization ofsettlements and the architectural structure of housesdiffered according to regions and periods and reflected environmental,

economic and social changes taking place during the long Neolithic Period

In the Neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coatedwith plaster.

The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the

inside and outside of the houses

The roof was supported by beams from the inside. The rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which

residents slept.

Most clothing appears to have been made of animal skins, as indicated byfinds of large numbers of bone and antler pins which are ideal forfastening leather.

Asia Minor Civilization:
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Asia Minor, apeninsula also called Anatolia, comprises most of theAsian part ofTurkey.

Theseas surrounding Asia Minor are theBlack Sea,theAegean Sea andthe Mediterranean Sea. Because Asia Minor is

between Christian Europe and Asia,many different cultures have lived

there. Remnants (small parts) of these cultures are there today. Eastern Anatolia contains the oldest monumental structures in the world. Anatolia is known as the birthplace of mintedcoinage,as a medium of

exchange, sometime in the 7th century BC in Lydia.

Remains of some of mankind's earliest permanent communities, datingback to 7000 B.C., have been found in Asia Minor.

Its peoples developed a high culture and built up a brisk trade withneighboring regions, but they did not invent a system of writing.

Egyptian Civilization and its Architecture:

Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa,concentrated along the lower reaches of theNile Riverin what is now themodern country ofEgypt.
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The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms,separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate

Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle

Kingdom of theMiddle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of theLate

Bronze Age.

One of the most influential civilizations throughout history, whichdeveloped a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural

monuments along theNile,among the largest and most famous of which

are theGreat Pyramid of Giza and theGreat Sphinx of Giza.

Due to the scarcity of wood, the two predominant building materials usedin ancient Egypt were sun-bakedmud brick andstone,mainly limestone,

but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities.

Ancient Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the NileRiver. It was placed in molds and left to dry in the hot sun to harden for

use in construction.

Fortunately, the dry, hot climate of Egypt preserved some mud brickstructures. Examples include the village Deir al-Madinah, the Middle

Kingdom town atKahun,and the fortresses atBuhenandMirgissa.

Also, many temples and tombs have survived because they were built onhigh ground unaffected by the Nile flood and were constructed of stone.

Thus, our understanding of ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainlyon religious monuments.

Exterior and interior walls, as well as thecolumns andpiers,were coveredwith hieroglyphic(a formal writing system) and pictorial frescoes(a

painting done rapidly in water colour on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling,

so that the colours penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.)

and carvings painted in brilliant colors.

Many motifs of Egyptian ornamentation are symbolic, other commonmotifs includepalm leaves, thepapyrus plant, and the buds and flowers

of thelotus.

Indus Valley Civilization
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The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was aBronze Agecivilization extendingfrom what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and

northwestIndia.

It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, one of the major riversof Asia, and the Ghaggar-Hakra River, which once coursed through

northwest India and eastern Pakistan

At its peak, the Indus Civilization may have had a population of over fivemillion. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley developed new

techniques in handicraft and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin).

The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses,elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large

non-residential buildings.

The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappa Civilization. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture is evident in

the Indus Valley Civilization making them the first urban centers in the

region.

The quality ofmunicipal town planning suggests the knowledge ofurbanplanning and efficientmunicipal governments which placed a high priority

onhygiene,or, alternatively, accessibility to the means of religious ritual.
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Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained waterfrom wells. From a room that appears to have been set aside for

bathing, waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the

major streets.

Houses opened only to inner courtyards and smaller lanes. The house-building in some villages in the region still resembles in some respects the

house-building of the Harappans.

The advanced architecture of the Harappans is shown by their impressivedockyards,granaries,warehouses, brick platforms, and protective walls.

There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or templesor of kings,armies, or priests.

Some structures are thought to have been granaries. Found at one city isan enormous well-built bath (the "Great Bath"), which may have been a

public bath.

Most city dwellers appear to have been traders or artisans, who lived withothers pursuing the same occupation in well-defined neighbourhoods.

Materials from distant regions were used in the cities for constructingseals, beads and other objects.

The people of the Indus Civilization achieved great accuracy in measuringlength, mass, and time. They were among the first to develop a system of

uniform weights and measures.

Various sculptures, seals,pottery,gold jewelry, and anatomically detailedfigurines interracotta,bronze, and steatite have been found at excavation

sites.

A number of gold, terracotta and stone figurines of girls in dancing posesreveal the presence of somedance form.

The Indus civilization's economy appears to have depended significantlyon trade, which was facilitated by major advances in transport

technology.

The IVC may have been the first civilization to use wheeled transport. Between 400 and as many as 600 distinct Indus symbols [55] have been

found onseals,small tablets, ceramic pots and more than a dozen other

materials, including a "signboard" that apparently once hung over the

gate of the inner citadel of the Indus city of Dholavira.

Aryan Civilization-
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Around 1500 BCE, a new culture, the Aryans, entered India through theKhyber Pass, and began integrating themselves into the social framework

of the Indus Valley civilization.

The Aryans furnished civilization in the Indian subcontinent with manyimpressive cultural and religious contributions and shaped Indian society

for thousands of years with the creation of the caste system.

This new society, which included Aryans and non-Aryans, washierarchically divided into four varnas (i.e. castes).

The four varnas, from the top down, were: the BrahminsAryans (priests,scholars, and philosophers); the KshatriyasAryans (rulers and warriors);


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the VaishyasAryans (farmers, traders, merchants, and craftsmen); and

the lowest caste, the Shudrasnon-Aryans (laborers, peasants, and

servants for the other castes).

Although they left almost no archaeological record, the history of theAryan invaders is contained in the Vedas.

Aryan religious beliefs and practices were profusely described in theirreligious literature, particularly their Vedas. Vedas (knowledge) are

ancient texts written in Sanskrit. There are four Indo-Aryan Vedas:

The Rig Veda: contains hymns about their mythology. The Sama Veda: consists mainly of hymns about religious rituals. The Yajur Veda: contains instructions for religious rituals. The Atharva Veda: consists of spells against enemies, sorcerers, and

diseases.

The Samhita: mantras or hymns in praise of various deities. The Brahmanas: instructions for religious rituals.

Hindu Architecture-

India's Hindu temple architecture is developed from the creativity ofSthapathis and Shilpis, both of whom belong to the larger community of

craftsmen and artisans calledVishwakarma (caste).

A smallHindu temple consists of an inner sanctum, thegarbha graha orwomb-chamber, in which the idol or deity is housed, often

called circumambulation, a congregation hall, and sometimes an

antechamber and porch.

Nagara architecture-

Nagara temples have two distinct features:

In plan, the temple is a square with a number of graduated projections in themiddle of each side giving a cruciform shape with a number of re-entrantangles on each side.
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In elevation, a Sikhara, i.e., tower gradually inclines inwards in a convexcurve.

An example of Nagara architecture is the Kandariya Mahadeva temple,Khajuraho temples.

Architecture of khajuraho temple

Dravidian architecture-

Dravidian style temples consist almost invariably of the four following parts,

differing only according to the age in which they were executed:

The principal part, the temple itself, is called theVimana (or Vimanam). Itis always square in plan and surmounted by a pyramidal roof of one ormore stories; it contains the cell where the image of the god or his

emblem is placed.

The porches or Mandapas (or Mantapams), which always cover andprecede the door leading to the cell.

Gate-pyramids, Gopurams, which are the principal features in thequadrangular enclosures that surround the more notable temples.

Pillared halls or Chaultrisproperly Chawadis -- used for variouspurposes, and which are the invariable accompaniments of these

temples.
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Besides these, a temple always containstemple tanks or wells for water (used

for sacred purposes or the convenience of the priests), dwellings for all grades

of the priesthood are attached to it, and other buildings for state or

convenience.

Structure of a typical Drvaidan viman Dravida Style Thanjavur temple

Badami Chalukya architecture-

The Badami Chalukya Architecture Chalukya style originated during 450CE in Aihole and perfected in Pattadakal and Badami.

Between 500 and 757 CE, Badami Chalukyas established the foundationsof cave temple architecture, on the banks of the Malaprabha River.

Those styles mainly include Aihole, Pattadakal and Badami. The sites were built out of sandstone cut into enormous blocks from the

outcrops in the chains of the Kaladgi hills.

AtBadami,Chalukyas carved some of the finestcave temples. Pattadakal is a (World Heritage Site), where one finds the Virupaksha

temple; it is the biggest temple, having carved scenes from the great epics

of theRamayana and theMahabharata.
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Gadag Architecture style-

The Gadag style of architecture is also called Western Chalukyaarchitecture.

A typical Western Chalukya temple may be examined from three aspects the basic floor plan, the architectural articulation, and the figuresculptures.

Chalukyan temples fall into two categories the first being temples witha common mantapa (a colonnaded hall) and two shrines (known

as dvikuta), and the second being temples with one mantapa and a single

shrine (ekakuta).

The Chalukyan architects retained features from both northern andsouthern styles.

The height of the temple was also constrained by the weight of thesuperstructure on the walls and, since Chalukyan architects did not usemortar, by the use of dry masonry and bonding stones without clamps or

cementing material

The absence of mortar allows some ventilation in the innermost parts ofthe temple through the porous masonry used in the walls and ceilings.

The modest amount of light entering the temples comes into the openhalls from all directions, while the very subdued illumination in the inner

closed mantapa comes only through its open doorway.
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The vestibule receives even less light, making it necessary to have someform of artificial lighting (usually, oil lamps) even during the day. This

artificial source of light perhaps adds "mystery" to the image of the deity

worshipped in the sanctum.

Shrine wall and superstructure inKasivisvesvara temple atLakkundi

Kalinga Architecture-

The Kainga architectural style is a style which flourished in theancientKalinga region or present eastern Indian state ofOdisha and

northernAndhra Pradesh.

The style consists of three distinct type of temples namely Rekha Deula,Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula.Deula means "temple" in the local

language.

The former two are associated withVishnu,Surya andShiva templewhile the third is mainly withChamunda andDurga temples.

The prominent examples of Rekha Deula areLingaraj Temple ofBhubaneswar andJagannath Temple of Puri.One of the prominent
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example of Khakhara Deula isVaital Deula.TheKonark Sun Temple is a

living example of Pidha Deula.

Mru-Gurjara temple architecture-

Mru-Gurjara temple architecture originated somewhere in 6th centuryin and around areas ofRajasthan.

Mru-Gurjara architecture has two prominent styles: Maha-Maru andMaru-Gurjara.

According to M. A. Dhaky, Maha-Maru style developed primarily inMarudesa, Sapadalaksa, Surasena and parts ofUparamala whereas Maru-

Gurjara originated in Medapata, Gurjaradesa-Arbuda, Gurjaradesa-

Anarta and some areas ofGujarat.

There is a connecting link between Mru-GurjaraArchitecture and Hoysala Temple Architecture. In both of these styles

architecture is treated sculpturally.

Styles of Rajasthani architecture include: Jharokha Chhatri Haveli Stepwell (baoli orbawdi) Johad
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Jaali Char Bagh orCharbagh Architecture in Rajasthan represents many different types of buildings,

which may broadly be classed either as secular or religious.

Nagda temple,an example ofMru-Gurjara architecture

Khajuraho Temple-

Spread over an area of approximately 20 square kilometers on the northeastern part of Madhya Pradesh, Khajuraho is a major tourist and

archaeological site in Madhya Pradesh.

Khajuraho has the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples,famous for theirerotic sculptures.

The name Khajuraho, ancient "Kharjuravhaka", is derived from theSanskrit words kharjura =date palm and vhaka= "one who carries"

The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as aUNESCOWorldHeritage Site,and is considered to be one of the"seven wonders" of India.

The temples are grouped into three geographical divisions: western,eastern and southern.
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The most popular temple complex in Khajuraho of the three is thewestern complex on the western side as the name suggests, which houses

the Kandariya Mahadeva Temple - the largest temple at Khajuraho.

Brahma Temple, Vamana & Javari Temples and the Parshvanatha Templethe largest Jain temple in Khajuraho is in the eastern complex.

The southern group of temples in Khajuraho comprises of Duladeo templeand the Chaturbhuja temple.

The Khajuraho temples are made of sandstone. The builders didn't usemortar: the stones were put together withmortise and tenonjoints and

they were held in place by gravity.

The columns and architraves were built with megaliths that weighed upto 20 tons.
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Rabindranath Tagore-

Born:7 May 1861, Calcutta, India

Died:7 August 1941, Calcutta, India

The youngest son of Debendranath Tagore. A leader of the Brahmo Samaj, which was a new religious sect in

nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate

monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads.

He was educated at home; and although at seventeen he was sent toEngland for formal schooling, he did not finish his studies there.

In his mature years, in addition to his many-sided literary activities, hemanaged the family estates, a project which brought him into close touchwith common humanity and increased his interest in social reforms.

He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketanwhere he triedhis Upanishadic ideals of education.

How is he related to Shantiniketan?

A small town near Bolpur in the Birbhum district of WestBengal,India.

It was made by the famous Nobel LaureateRabindranath Tagore,whose vision became what is now a university town (Visva-Bharati

University)that attracts thousands of visitors each year.

Santiniketan is also a tourist attraction because RabindranathTagore wrote many of his literary classics here, and his house is a

place of historical importance.

It was here that Rabindranath Tagore startedPatha Bhavana,theschool of his ideals, whose central premise was that learning in a

natural environment would be more enjoyable and fruitful. After

he received theNobel Prize (1913), the school was expanded into a

university in 1921. By 1951, it had become one of India's central

universities.

Attractions- Prayer Hall Dehali China Bhavana Black House Shantiniketan Griha
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Kala Bhavana Uttarayan Complex Bichitra Sangeet Bhavan Chhatimala Kankalitala Visva Bharati Central Library Gardens & Parks Shopping Eateries

Works of Rabindranath Tagore

Poetry-1. Manasi2. Sonar

Tari

3. Gitanjali4. Gitimalya5. Balaka

1890

1894

1910

19141916

Dramas-1. Valmiki

Prathibha

2. Visarjan3. Raja4. Dak Ghar5. Achalayatan

1881

1890

1910

1912

1912

Fiction-


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1. Nastanirh2. Gora3. Ghare

Baire

4. Yogayog

1901

1910

1916

1929

Association with Music and Theatre

Tagore was also an accomplished musician and painter. Indeed, he wrotesome 25000 songs; together, these comprise rabindra sangeet now an

integral part of Bengali culture.

Yet, Tagore's music is inseparable from his literature, most of which poems or parts of novels, stories, or plays alike became lyrics for his

songs.

These ran the gamut of human emotion, and are still frequently used togive voice to a wide range of experiences.

Such is true of two such works: Bangladesh's Aamaar Sonaar Baanglaa andIndia's Jana Gana Mana. Tagore thus became the only person ever to have

written the national anthems of two nations.

Tagore also had an artist's eye for his own handwriting, embellishing thecross-outs and word layouts in his manuscripts.

At twenty he wrote his first drama-opera: Valmiki Pratibha (The Genius ofValmiki).In it the pandit Valmiki overcomes his sins, is blessed

bySaraswati,and compiles the Ramayana. Through it Tagore explores a

wide range of dramatic styles and emotions, including usage of

revamped kirtans and adaptation of traditional English and Irish folk

melodies as drinking songs.

Another play,Dak Ghar (The Post Office), describes the child Amal defyinghis stuffy and puerile confines by ultimately "falling asleep", hinting his

physical death.

Awards and Achievements-

Nobel Prize in Literature, 1913. The first Indian to won Nobel Prize.
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Amrita Shergil

Born:30January1913Budapest,Kingdom of Hungary

Died: 5December1941 (aged28)Lahore,British India (present day Pakistan)

She was an eminent Indian painter born to a Punjabi Sikh father andaHungarianJewish mother.

Today considered an important woman painter of 20th century India,whose legacy stands at par with that of the Masters of Bengal

Renaissance.

She is also the 'most expensive' woman painter of India.Influence by Indian Art-

Amrita Shergil returned to India in 1934 and since then, began her never-ending journey in the field of Indian art traditions.

In India Mughal miniatures schools and Ajanta paintings had a greatimpact on her.

When she journeyed to the southern parts of India, the famous South-Indian trilogy paintings came into being by her brush and paint. She

evolved her own distinctive style.

According to her, it was basically Indian in spirit, subject, and technicalarticulacy.

Then her paintings took the villagers, the poor and beggars as subjects.Amrita's art was strongly influenced by the paintings of the two Tagores,

Rabindranath andAbanindranath who were the pioneers of the Bengal School

of painting. Her portraits of women resemble works by Rabindranath while

the use of chiaroscuro (the treatment of light and shade in drawing and

painting)and bright colours reflect the influence of Abanindranath.

Her Paintings-

Three GirlsBrides ToiletTribal WomenHill Women
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Red Clay ElephantTwo ElephantsHungarian Market SceneHill MenYoung GirlsCamels


The Government of India declared her illustrious works as National ArtTreasures.

Gold Medal from the Grand Salon in 1933. Gold medal at Bombay Art Societys 46th annual exhibition, 193

M.F. Hussain-

Birth name: Maqbool Fida Husain

Born:17 September 1915

Died: 9June 2011

M. F. Husain was born into a Muslim family on 17 September 1915 inPandharpur,Maharashtra to aSulaymani Bohra family.

Primarily self-taught, Husain painted cinema posters inMumbai early inhis career. To earn extra money, he worked for a toy company designing

and building toys. He often travelled to Gujarat to paint landscapes when

he could afford to.

He was an Indian painter and Film Director. His narrative paintings, executed in a modifiedCubist style, can be

caustic and funny as well as serious and sombre.

His themessometimes treated in seriesinclude topics as diverseasMohandas K. Gandhi,Mother Teresa,theRamayana,the Mahabharata,

theBritish raj,and motifs of Indian urban and rural life.
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One of the most celebrated and internationally recognized Indian artistsof the 20th century, he also received recognition as a printmaker,

photographer, and filmmaker.

He was one of the original members of theBombay Progressive Artists'Group founded by Francis Newton Souza.[5] This was a clique of young

artists who wished to break with the nationalist traditions established by

theBengal school of art and to encourage an Indian avant-garde, engaged

at an international level. The artists cite "The Partition" of India and

Pakistan 14 August 1947, with its resulting religious rioting and heavy loss

of life as their reason for forming The Progressive Artist's Group in

Bombay in December, 1947.

In 1967, he made his first film, Through the Eyes of a Painter. It wasshown at theBerlin Film Festival and won aGolden Bear.

M.F. Husain, wrote his autobiography in Urdu. Titled M.F. Husain KiKahani Apni Zubani.

Paintings of M.F. Hussain:

Between the Spider & the Lamp Mother India Maiden's Flight Bharat Mata Gaja Gamini


Padma Shri(1966) Padma Bhushan(1973) Padma Vibhushan(1991)

Nandlal Bose:

Born: December 3, 1882

Died: April 16, 1966

He was anIndianpainter of theBengal school of art. He became the principal ofKala Bhavan,Santiniketan in 1922.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Newton_Souzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._F._Husain#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._F._Husain#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._F._Husain#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_school_of_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Eyes_of_a_Painterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Eyes_of_a_Painterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Bear_(award)https://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+between+the+spider+%26+the+lamp&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QZaJRUplxv2XpndqXNqDar-uUUi6NMNh_5SbjABPfmXqKwAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CCoQvBsoADAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+mother+india&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QZaJRUpZykf3-leiB6tPWaVOZeeUXhRzbpZOEwCAzWN3KwAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CCwQvBsoAjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+maiden%27s+flight&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBqNDhkeV-d7b1K5TzMuebmCL-YWOnRChoLCF-nQOkrAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CC4QvBsoBDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+bharat+mata&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBqNDhkeTfG38yqI7zb-KlEmbkIe-BQY7IT8-sW_x8rAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CDAQvBsoBjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+gaja+gamini&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBwN2dnMnnbQRkHytlb4KL0ps9uxBKlzSYI8lioUXMrAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CDQQvBsoCjAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_school_of_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiniketanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiniketanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kala_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_school_of_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+gaja+gamini&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBwN2dnMnnbQRkHytlb4KL0ps9uxBKlzSYI8lioUXMrAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CDQQvBsoCjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+bharat+mata&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBqNDhkeTfG38yqI7zb-KlEmbkIe-BQY7IT8-sW_x8rAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CDAQvBsoBjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+maiden%27s+flight&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBqNDhkeV-d7b1K5TzMuebmCL-YWOnRChoLCF-nQOkrAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CC4QvBsoBDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+mother+india&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QZaJRUpZykf3-leiB6tPWaVOZeeUXhRzbpZOEwCAzWN3KwAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CCwQvBsoAjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&q=m.+f.+husain+between+the+spider+%26+the+lamp&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QZaJRUplxv2XpndqXNqDar-uUUi6NMNh_5SbjABPfmXqKwAAAA&sa=X&ei=i3BfU4fcHoScugTLnYKIDg&ved=0CCoQvBsoADAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Bear_(award)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through_the_Eyes_of_a_Painterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_school_of_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._F._Husain#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Newton_Souzahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Progressive_Artists%27_Group


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He was influenced by the Tagore family and the murals of Ajanta; hisclassic works include paintings of scenes from Indian mythologies,

women, and village life.

He was also famously asked byJawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblemsfor the Government of Indias awards, including the Bharat Ratna andthePadma Shri.

Along with his students, Nandalal Bose took up the historic task ofbeautifying/decorating the original manuscript of the Constitution of

India.

Nandlal Bhose Paintings-

Village Huts Dolan Champa Darjeeling and Fog Gandhi March (Bapuji) Floating a Canoe Radha's Longing (Radha's Viraha) Yama with Nachiketa Sati Annapurna Evening


In 1956, he became the second artist to be elected Fellow of the Lalit Kala

Akademi,India's National Academy of Art. In 1954, Nandalal Bose was awarded

thePadma Vibhushan.

Satish Gujral-

Born: 25 December 1925

Field:Painter, Sculpting, Mural, Architect and Writing, Graphic Designer.

Satish Gujral born inJhelum,west Punjab,British India. His elder brother was former Indian Prime Minister Gujral. At the age of 8, a sickness resulted in impairment of hearing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagore_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+village+huts&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVaSYeFuprt61jLGZUxVfunH9D9wn3gCQDDszs7KwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CCoQvBsoADAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+dolan+champa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBrZ2c5aGLhvAjWwwzjzlui4byJMMjM7OKjEyC1rfErAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CCwQvBsoAjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=darjeeling+and+fog+nandalal+bose&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV6Tk1rwL6AlyK6cVO7w4zZ5ScqWAj1AQC9Xr9XKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CC4QvBsoBDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+gandhi+march+(bapuji)&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV6CitDBvM0yfQPJ2ZdV73qfJIz7kzOdQDHlAc1KwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDAQvBsoBjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+floating+a+canoe&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umWGyT6r9zzfP-2LuWRUK8oRtXJ2c45MKgD-K3EEKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDIQvBsoCDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+radha%27s+longing+(radha%27s+viraha)&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVGVnmMmv01VQnR36FhE789SnY1444qBQAEh0gDKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDQQvBsoCjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+yama+with+nachiketa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV61QmOA1u_PL1VyJeS6b7VQWNXwo9AfwA66N-XKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDYQvBsoDDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+sati&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV68UsPcaOXOmX8ArsjwvZ_9_TN49HZAgArJMSNKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDgQvBsoDjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+annapurna&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umW6qTIrZ3oJZ-K6lLK-bKa7-n1GOj9WAgDRfN0ZKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDoQvBsoEDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=evening+nandalal+bose&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVafJPentgNdbnORlGnOcSaOtYpv16kAQAsqFHyKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDwQvBsoEjAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Lalit_Kala_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Lalit_Kala_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Lalit_Kala_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Vibhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Vibhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum_(City)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Punjabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Punjabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum_(City)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Vibhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Lalit_Kala_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Lalit_Kala_Akademihttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=evening+nandalal+bose&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVafJPentgNdbnORlGnOcSaOtYpv16kAQAsqFHyKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDwQvBsoEjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+annapurna&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umW6qTIrZ3oJZ-K6lLK-bKa7-n1GOj9WAgDRfN0ZKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDoQvBsoEDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+sati&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV68UsPcaOXOmX8ArsjwvZ_9_TN49HZAgArJMSNKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDgQvBsoDjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+yama+with+nachiketa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV61QmOA1u_PL1VyJeS6b7VQWNXwo9AfwA66N-XKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDYQvBsoDDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+radha%27s+longing+(radha%27s+viraha)&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVGVnmMmv01VQnR36FhE789SnY1444qBQAEh0gDKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDQQvBsoCjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+floating+a+canoe&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umWGyT6r9zzfP-2LuWRUK8oRtXJ2c45MKgD-K3EEKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDIQvBsoCDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+gandhi+march+(bapuji)&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV6CitDBvM0yfQPJ2ZdV73qfJIz7kzOdQDHlAc1KwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CDAQvBsoBjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=darjeeling+and+fog+nandalal+bose&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umV6Tk1rwL6AlyK6cVO7w4zZ5ScqWAj1AQC9Xr9XKwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CC4QvBsoBDAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+dolan+champa&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAAErANT_AHvTx-gAAAAOCAMiCi9tLzBrZ2c5aGLhvAjWwwzjzlui4byJMMjM7OKjEyC1rfErAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CCwQvBsoAjAAhttps://www.google.co.in/search?newwindow=1&sa=X&q=nandalal+bose+village+huts&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAGOovnz8BQMDAx8HsxKXfq6-QXZ6umVaSYeFuprt61jLGZUxVfunH9D9wn3gCQDDszs7KwAAAA&ei=x3pgU7CAM4ScugTF7YK4Bg&ved=0CCoQvBsoADAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagore_family


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A full feature film on his life is in the making. A 24 minute documentarycalled A Brush with Life was released on 15 February 2012. The film

explores the literary, cultural, political and personal influences on his life

and works.

Four books of his work have been published including an autobiography. His design of theBelgium Embassy in New Delhihas been selected by the

international Forum of architects as one of the one thousand best built in

the 20th century round the world.

His work shown in this collection reflects the spirit of traditional IndianMiniatures and Temple Sculptures.

Paintings of Satish Gujral-

Mourning en masse Femmes assises Ganesha Lovers Prophet Days of Glory Raising of Lazarus Village Resurrection


Padma Vibhushan in 1999 NDTV Indian of the Year Award in April 2014.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Vibhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTV_Indian_of_the_Yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTV_Indian_of_the_Yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Vibhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Belgium,_New_Delhi


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History of Art and Architecture Bsc ID 1 Sem Final

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Transcript of History of Art and Architecture Bsc ID 1 Sem Final