World History Chapter Four: Ancient Greece (1900 – 133 B.C.)
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Transcript of World History Chapter Four: Ancient Greece (1900 – 133 B.C.)
World History
• Chapter Four: Ancient Greece (1900 – 133 B.C.)
Section 1 Objectives
• Explain the influence of geography on the development of the independent city-states
• Explain the importance of Homer as he relates to the development of Greek history
Section One: The First Greek Civilizations
I. The Impact of Geography
• Mountainous peninsula & numerous islands
• Most important geographical influence on Greece
• Small, independent communities
The Impact of Geography
• Encouraged political participation within, & war among
• Many ports, inlets & islands
• Seafarers, Aegean & Black Seas
II. The Minoan Civilization
• 2700 & 1450 B.C., a Bronze Age civilization
• *Island of Crete
• Rich trading culture based on seafaring
Minoan Fresco
The Minoan Civilization
• Discovered by Arthur Evans• Minoans sailed to Greece &
Egypt• Central city, palace of
Knossos• Olive oil, wine & grain
A fresco found at the Minoan site of Knossos
Fresco of an acrobat on a bull with two female acrobats on either side
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_bull.jpg
Fresco from the "Palace of Minos", Knossos, Crete
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Knossos_frise_pieuvre_edit.jpg
The Minoan Civilization
• Suffered a catastrophe around 1450 B.C.
• Tidal wave, volcanic eruption or invasion from the Mycenaeans
III. The First Greek State: Mycenae
• 1600 & 1100 B.C.• *Mycenae was the first Greek
city-state• Powerful monarchies• Lived in fortified center within
large stone walls
Mycenae
The First Greek State: Mycenae
• Warrior culture• Extensive commercial
network• Poetry from Homer reveals
information on the Mycenaeans
Lion’s Gate at
Mycenae
Mask of a Mycenaean Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MaskAgamemnon.png
The First Greek State: Mycenae
• Civil war & earthquakes damaged their civilization
• Collapsed by 1100 B.C., after a new wave of invaders
Mycenae Today
IV. The Greeks in a Dark Age
• 1100 to 750 B.C.
• few records
• Both population & food production fell
A. Developments of the Dark Age
• Many Greeks immigrated to Ionia, a strip of territory located along the western shores of Asia Minor, which is in modern day Turkey
A. Developments of the Dark Age
• Iron replaced bronze improving weaponry & farming
• Adopted the Phoenician alphabet
B. Homer
• *Iliad & Odyssey are epic poems
• Epic poem – a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero
• Based on stories passed down for generations
Homer
• The Iliad takes place during the Trojan War
• Paris kidnaps Helen• Greeks take the city with the famous
Trojan horse• Tale about the destruction caused by
the anger of the Greek hero Achilles
Helen and
Priam
Achilles
Homer
• The Odyssey tells of the Greek hero Odysseus’ ten-year return to his home & family
• Gave the Greeks an ideal past & set of values
• Basic values of courage & honor
Homer
• A hero strives for excellence, which the Greeks called Arete
• Which was won in a struggle or contest
• The man preserves his & his family’s honor