World History World History 1500 to Present1500 to Present

Unit 6 Vocab and Topics:Unit 6 Vocab and Topics: Major Major world social, economic, and world social, economic, and

political developments since 1945, political developments since 1945, Migrations, Ongoing Conflicts, Migrations, Ongoing Conflicts, War, and Advancing TechnologyWar, and Advancing Technology

SOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 SOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 a,b,ca,b,c

Salvador AllendeSalvador Allende This leader tried to use This leader tried to use

constitutional means to bring constitutional means to bring about a socialist society. about a socialist society. Although he increased wages for Although he increased wages for industrial workers and industrial workers and nationalized many corporations, nationalized many corporations, he was not widely supported, he was not widely supported, especially by wealthy Chilean especially by wealthy Chilean landowners. landowners.

Augusto PinochetAugusto Pinochet This Chilean general led a This Chilean general led a

military takeover of the military takeover of the country, had the president country, had the president shot, and set up one of the shot, and set up one of the most brutal dictatorships most brutal dictatorships in Chile’s history. in Chile’s history.

Juan PeronJuan Peron This former labor secretary This former labor secretary

focused on the workers and urban focused on the workers and urban middle classes of Argentina to win middle classes of Argentina to win their political support. He was their political support. He was elected president in 1946 and elected president in 1946 and soon nationalized railways, banks, soon nationalized railways, banks, shipyards, communications and shipyards, communications and other essential services to free other essential services to free Argentina from foreign investors.Argentina from foreign investors.

SandinistasSandinistasThis group of Marxist This group of Marxist guerillas overthrew the guerillas overthrew the Somoza family of Somoza family of Nicaragua and gained Nicaragua and gained control of the poverty control of the poverty stricken country.stricken country.

ContrasContras This US supported group This US supported group

were opposed to the were opposed to the Marxist guerillas who took Marxist guerillas who took control of Nicaragua and control of Nicaragua and eventually brought about eventually brought about free elections.free elections.

NAFTANAFTA The purpose of this The purpose of this

agreement is to make agreement is to make trade easier and more trade easier and more profitable between Mexico, profitable between Mexico, America, and Canada.America, and Canada.

Julius NyerereJulius Nyerere This nationalist leader This nationalist leader

embraced “African socialism” embraced “African socialism” based on traditional African based on traditional African culture. He introduced a culture. He introduced a command economy, command economy, nationalized all banks and nationalized all banks and foreign-owned businesses and foreign-owned businesses and tried to prevent the emergence tried to prevent the emergence of a wealthy elite in Tanzania.of a wealthy elite in Tanzania.

Jomo KenyattaJomo Kenyatta After the British granted After the British granted

independence to Kenya in independence to Kenya in 1963, this man became the 1963, this man became the first prime minister and first prime minister and worked hard to unite the worked hard to unite the various ethnic and language various ethnic and language groups inside the country. groups inside the country. Once Kenya was a republic, Once Kenya was a republic, he was the first president.he was the first president.

Idi AminIdi Amin This person was the This person was the brutal dictator of brutal dictator of Uganda who was Uganda who was deposed in 1979.deposed in 1979.

Mau-MauMau-Mau This group of Kikuyu This group of Kikuyu

guerilla warriors fought guerilla warriors fought against white settlers to against white settlers to regain fertile farmlands regain fertile farmlands for native Kenyans. for native Kenyans.

Kwame NkrumahKwame Nkrumah This man renamed the Gold This man renamed the Gold

Coast “Ghana”, the first British Coast “Ghana”, the first British colony to gain independence. colony to gain independence. He favored “African socialism” He favored “African socialism” and hoped that Pan-Africanism and hoped that Pan-Africanism would bring unity to the newly would bring unity to the newly independent countries of independent countries of Africa.Africa.

apartheidapartheid This was the system of This was the system of

laws that separated the laws that separated the white from the black white from the black South Africans. South Africans.

Desmond TutuDesmond Tutu Awarded the Nobel Peace Awarded the Nobel Peace

Prize in 1984, this Anglican Prize in 1984, this Anglican Archbishop supported Archbishop supported economic sanctions against economic sanctions against his own country and other his own country and other nonviolent means to nonviolent means to challenge the system of racial challenge the system of racial segregation in South Africa.segregation in South Africa.

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela This leader of the ANC at first This leader of the ANC at first

supported non violent methods supported non violent methods of achieving equality in South of achieving equality in South Africa but later turned to more Africa but later turned to more violent methods. He was arrested violent methods. He was arrested and spent 27 years in prison. and spent 27 years in prison. Once South Africa held free Once South Africa held free elections, he was elected the first elections, he was elected the first black president.black president.

Robert MugabeRobert Mugabe This Rhodesian nationalist leader This Rhodesian nationalist leader

fought against white minority rule fought against white minority rule and helped bring about and helped bring about independence in 1980. The country independence in 1980. The country was renamed Zimbabwe after an was renamed Zimbabwe after an ancient African kingdom and this ancient African kingdom and this man was elected president. He man was elected president. He insisted on one party rule and insisted on one party rule and tolerated little opposition. tolerated little opposition.

trade embargotrade embargoThis term refers to This term refers to prohibiting economic prohibiting economic interactions with a interactions with a certain country as a certain country as a penalty.penalty.

Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini This fundamentalist Shia cleric This fundamentalist Shia cleric

from Iran took over the Shah’s from Iran took over the Shah’s government and restored strict government and restored strict Islamic law to guide all areas of Islamic law to guide all areas of Iranian life.Iranian life.

Golda MeirGolda Meir This Russian-Jew emigrated This Russian-Jew emigrated

to the United States and to the United States and later to Israel where she later to Israel where she served as ambassador to the served as ambassador to the Soviet Union, minister of Soviet Union, minister of labor, foreign minister, and labor, foreign minister, and finally prime minister of finally prime minister of Israel. Israel.

Camp David AccordsCamp David AccordsThis 1979 agreement was This 1979 agreement was the first signed document the first signed document between Israel and an between Israel and an Arab nation and officially Arab nation and officially ended hostilities between ended hostilities between Egypt and Israel.Egypt and Israel.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Isaeli Prime

Minister Menachem Begin in 1978

Yasir ArafatYasir Arafat This person was awarded a joint This person was awarded a joint

Nobel Peace prize for his work at Nobel Peace prize for his work at negotiating a peace with Israel negotiating a peace with Israel in 1993. Unfortunately, another in 1993. Unfortunately, another intifadaintifada began in 2000 and went began in 2000 and went for over a year. As head of the for over a year. As head of the PLO, he eventually became the PLO, he eventually became the head of a semi-independent area head of a semi-independent area called the Palestinian Authority.called the Palestinian Authority.

Yitzak RabinYitzak RabinThis Israeli was awarded a This Israeli was awarded a joint Nobel Peace prize for joint Nobel Peace prize for his work at negotiating a his work at negotiating a peace with the peace with the Palestinians in 1993. He Palestinians in 1993. He was assassinated by a was assassinated by a Jewish student who did not Jewish student who did not support his peace policies.support his peace policies.

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein This Sunni leader took control This Sunni leader took control

of the Iraqi government in of the Iraqi government in 1979 and launched an attack 1979 and launched an attack on Iran in 1980 and invaded on Iran in 1980 and invaded Kuwait in 1990. Captured by Kuwait in 1990. Captured by coalition forces in December, coalition forces in December, 2003, he was tried and 2003, he was tried and executed in 2006.executed in 2006.

Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War This conflict occurred when This conflict occurred when

the leader of Iraq invaded the leader of Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. The United Kuwait in 1990. The United States led an international States led an international force that destroyed most of force that destroyed most of Iraq’s armed forces but failed Iraq’s armed forces but failed to spark an internal uprising to spark an internal uprising to depose the leader.to depose the leader.

Tiananmen Square Tiananmen Square This pro-democracy and This pro-democracy and

freedom demonstration in freedom demonstration in April 1989 stunned April 1989 stunned Chinese officials and led Chinese officials and led to a massive military to a massive military crackdown.crackdown.

Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward Mao Zedong began this Mao Zedong began this

radical program to speed radical program to speed up economic growth. up economic growth.

Little Red BookLittle Red BookThis was a collection of This was a collection of Mao Zedong’s Mao Zedong’s thoughts…and was thoughts…and was hailed as the “most hailed as the “most important source of important source of knowledge in all areas.”knowledge in all areas.”

Kim Il SungKim Il SungThis person was the This person was the communist dictator of communist dictator of The People’s Republic The People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea).of Korea (North Korea).

bioethicsbioethicsThis term deals with the This term deals with the moral choices in moral choices in medical research, like medical research, like whether or not genetic whether or not genetic engineering is “right” engineering is “right” or not.or not.

Nehru DynastyNehru DynastyThis family of Indian This family of Indian politicians included politicians included Jawaharlal, Indira, and Jawaharlal, Indira, and Rajiv. Indira and Rajiv Rajiv. Indira and Rajiv were both assassinated were both assassinated during their service to during their service to India India

Corazon AquinoCorazon AquinoAfter Ferdinand Marcos After Ferdinand Marcos fled the Philippines after fled the Philippines after being accused of helping being accused of helping to murder this woman’s to murder this woman’s husband, she became more husband, she became more powerful and in 1986, was powerful and in 1986, was elected president of the elected president of the Philippines.Philippines.