SENEGAL EUROPE MIGRATIONS
Transcript of SENEGAL EUROPE MIGRATIONS
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MAFE Working Paper 33
Senegalese Migrants between Here and There:
An Overview of Family Patterns
CrisBEAUCHEMIN,KimCAARLS,ValentinaMAZZUCATO
January 2013
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The MAFE project is coordinated by INED (C. Beauchemin) and is formed, additionally by
the Universit catholique de Louvain (B. Schoumaker), Maastricht University (V.
Mazzucato), the Universit Cheikh Anta Diop (P. Sakho), the Universit de Kinshasa (J.
Mangalu), the University of Ghana (P. Quartey), the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (P. Baizan),
the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (A. Gonzlez-Ferrer), the Forum
Internazionale ed Europeo di Ricerche sullImmigrazione (E. Castagnone), and the University
of Sussex (R. Black). The MAFE project received funding from the European Communitys
Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 217206. The MAFE-Senegal survey
was conducted with the financial support of INED, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche
(France), the Rgion Ile de France and the FSP programme 'International Migrations,
territorial reorganizations and development of the countries of the South'. For more details,
see: http://www.mafeproject.com
Le projet MAFE est coordonn par lINED (C. Beauchemin), en partenariat avec lUniversit
catholique de Louvain (B. Schoumaker), la Maastricht University (V. Mazzucato),
lUniversit Cheikh Anta Diop (P. Sakho), lUniversit de Kinshasa (J. Mangalu),
lUniversity of Ghana (P. Quartey,) lUniversitat Pompeu Fabra (P. Baizan), le Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas (A. Gonzlez -Ferrer), le Forum Internazionale edEuropeo di Ricerche sullImmigrazione (E. Castagnone), et lUniversity of Sussex (R. Black).
Le projet MAFE a reu un financement du Septime Programme-Cadre de la Communaut
europenne (subvention 217206). Lenqute MAFE-Sngal a t ralise grce au soutien
financier de lINED, de lAgence Nationale de la Recherche, de la rgion Ile de France, et du
programme FSP 'Migrations internationales, recompositions territoriales et dveloppement
dans les pays du Sud'. Pour plus dinformation, voir : http://www.mafeproject.com.
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100.0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 1.78 100,0%
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: & a; 2008; Sa ' a a a a (N=648), a (N=336), (N=471), .
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aa a a. A 0 a a a a a a a . A 4 a a a
a a.
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F 1. , :
7%
8%
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22%
34%
17%
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50%
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10%
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11%
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2%
7%
14%
12%
10%
9%
4%
5%
4%
7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Spouses
Children >18
Siblings
Other kin
Average
Very large
Large
Moderate
Small
Insig.
Missing
* A W a , , , a, . a a a a Na a 12 ?
: & a; 2008; Sa ' a a
(=773).
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53%
42%
73%
60%
48%
40%
49%
21%
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42%
27%
26%
16%
23%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Male
Female
Spouses
Children >18
Siblings
Other kin
All migrantsin kind
money
: W a; 2008; Sa ' a a (=1227). C
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Taaa a a a, , . I
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9
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5. A
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, a , a aa a a (24%,
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a a . F, a : a
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(R 2001; Sa 2011). S, a a a,
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11
Aa, a a a a a aa Ea a.
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F 3. () . E
S: MAFESa aa; T : 2008; Sa a E (N=200 Fa, 200 Sa, 203 Ia).
D: Ta 5
N: W a
Ia: 24% Sa a E (Sa, Ia a Fa) a a a, .. a
a 18.
6. () . E (
)
A F I
% % % %
F1. 118 24.6% 65 43.0% 34 11.1% 19 9.5%
F2. 111 17.0% 34 25.3% 46 13.0% 31 8.6%
F3.
247 58.5% 47 31.7% 87 75.9% 113 81.9%
476 100.0% 146 100.0% 167 100.0% 163 100.0%
a &
: MAESa aa; : 2008; : Sa a F/E/I (. " a
a") (=476)
O a a a a, Fa, 43.0% a a a a, a Sa, 11.1% . IIa, 9.5%
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F 4. , : ?
S: MAFESa aa; T : 2008; Sa a E (N=200 Fa, 200 Sa, 203 Ia)
N: W a
D: Taaa a a a a / a a . F : Taaa a
a a a a a .
R a a a / a a a a a a.
Aa a a a / a aa aa ( a Sa a
, a a a).
Ia: 34% Sa a E (Sa, Ia a Fa) a a a, .. a
a 18. 18% a aa aa.
7. F, I
Sa
(a a)
Ia
(a a)
Fa
(a 25 a )
Ma 30,234 41,048 52,997
Fa 5,641 6,037 45,530
Ta 35,875 47,085 98,527
Pa a 16% 13% 46%
S :
Sa: 2008, Pa
Ia: 2006, P Sa a 1 a
Fa: 2006, C aa (RRP20042007)
A F D ?
T a a Sa a a
a aaa a. I a a a , a
a a a a? O a a? T
a , a aa a a
a a ( . aaa),
a.
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W a a , aa12 a
(Ta 9). T a a aa a a a
a (F1), a a a a a (F2),
. F, a a a a. S, a a. T
a a a a a a a aa
a (F1) aa a a a, (F2 a
F3) a a. N a 13 aa
(F3) a a (F2) a a a a a
a a aaa a . W a
a, aa a a. F,
a ( Sa), a a
a a a a a a, a
aa a a aa ( a ). S
aa: Taa a a a
(17.7% aa aa a 1% ), a a aa .
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a, a a . I a aa. F, a
a: aa (a ), 8% aa a
a a, 20% a (F2) a 36%
aa a a (F1, Ta 8). T a
a a (ISEI) a, a, a a
(Ta 10). W a 80% aa (F1) a a
(F2) a , a a a a , 70% a a a aa.
A a aa, a
a a a a a a E (Ba,
Ba a. 2011; GF, Ba a. 2012). A, aa, a a
. O a, a a a a a a.
T a, a, a a a a aa a a a a,
aa a . A Fa, Ia a Sa a
a a a, aa a
a a a a . O a,
aa a a a a a a a aa ( a) . A a a a a a a
aa a a aa a a aa Sa.
I a a a aa .
R a a a a E. L aa
a a (Ta 10), aa a aa a a
12T a R (2001) a a a a aaa . H,
a a a a a aaa a a.
13T a Ia.
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a a, a a a a a a
a . H a a a,
aa a Sa a:
a E, a a Sa.
8. E
A Fa Sa Ia
%
F1. Aa a a a 49.7% 53.8% 48.9% 24.8%
F2. Ta a 58.1% 57.0% 64.3% 55.8%
F3. Paa a aaa a 9.0% 21.3% 5.3% 5.1%
%
F1. Aa a a a 35.7% 43.0% 2.7% 20.2%
F2. Ta a 20.5% 22.0% 3.2% 34.3%
F3. Paa a aaa a 8.0% 13.3% 3.1% 8.7%N: a
S: MAFESa aa; T S: 2008; Pa: Sa a Fa (=146), Ia (=163),
a Sa (=167), " a a). A , =476
Ia: 49.7% a a aa a a a a a.
9. C E
A Fa Sa IaA ()
F1. Aa a a a 25.6 25.9 25.3 24.6
F2. Ta a 30.4 31.2 28.7 29.1
F3. Paa a aaa a 29.4 30.0 30.1 28.6
D ()
F1. Aa a a a 16.8 17.9 13.6 12.9
F2. Ta a 13.6 16.0 8.8 9.1
F3. Paa a aaa a 11.1 15.7 7.2 11.4
% /
F1. Aa a a a 16.2% 17.2% 4.5% 20.4%
F2. Ta a 2.1% 2.4% 0.0% 3.0%
F3. Paa a aaa a 10.1% 15.0% 1.2% 13.9%
% '
F1. Aa a a a 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
F2. Ta a 0.4% 0.0% 1.0% 1.2%
F3. Paa a aaa a 17.7% 11.4% 25.4% 15.6%
N: a
S: MAFESa aa; T S: 2008; Pa: Sa a Fa (=146), Ia (=163),
a Sa (=167), " a a). A , =476
Ia: Ma a aa a a a a E a a a a 25.6.
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21
10. E
A Fa Sa Ia
%
F1. Aa a a a 80.5% 78.6% 85.5% 87.6%
F2. Ta a 81.3% 86.6% 79.3% 62.2%
F3. Paa a aaa a 88.9% 90.9% 78.5% 95.3%
( IEI*)
F1. Aa a a a 37.6 39.0 29.8 35.5
F2. Ta a 32.4 34.8 25.2 29.5
F3. Paa a aaa a 28.7 30.2 23.6 31.4% ", " "
?"
F1. Aa a a a 82.0% 84.4% 55.8% 90.5%
F2. Ta a 85.8% 94.4% 44.7% 98.8%F3. Paa a aaa a 70.4% 78.4% 41.9% 86.4%
%
F1. Aa a a a 92.6% 96.0% 85.9% 77.7%
F2. Ta a 89.5% 96.1% 80.9% 72.8%
F3. Paa a aaa a 89.7% 100.0% 86.8% 86.3%
N: a
S: MAFESa aa; T S: 2008; Pa: Sa a Fa (=146), Ia (=163),
a Sa (=167), " a a). A , =476
Ia: 80.5% a a aa a a a a a a .
* ISEI: Iaa SE I. ISEI a a aa a aa (a, , a...).
I a , a a a a
aa a. I a
aaa a a, a a a . H a
aaa a ? A a a a? Aa aaa a , .. a a (a 18)
a a a a a
a a Ea . F a a, aa
a .
C
F a a, a a a a a
a ( a, a aa). O aa,
a a a a a Sa, aa a
a (76% a a a Fa a 52% Ia,F 5). Aa, a a a a a a a, a
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a a a a a aa a a a a
a Sa. M a a
, a a a a a a a a
Sa , a a 38% Sa 56%
Fa (F 5). A aa 52% ( a
a a a ), 6% a a a a ,
(36%), (10%)14, a (1%, Ta 11). T a a
a a a a a a Sa15. I a a,
a a a a a .
F 5. Maa & Ma, a 1 a
65%
76%
67%
52%
53%
56%
38%
52%
33%
21%
32%
45%
2%
0%
6%
5%
1%
0%
0%
2%
9%
10%
7%
4%
1%
2%
0%
0%
36%
34%
47%
40%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
A
N Fa
N Sa
N Ia
A
N Fa
N Sa
N Ia
Ma
Fa
N a
Ma,
Sa
Ma,
Ma, a
aa a a
Ma, a
aa
* N a a: , a , a
a
MAESa aa; Sa a E (=603); 2008
: A 1a, 65% a. F , a 53%.
14I, a a
a (10.0% aa 1.1%) a a a a a. T a a
a aa a a a a
Sa .
15Ma E a a Sa, Daa.
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23
11. E,
Ma a Fa a
Maa aa 1
aa
a 1
aa
S 56.4% 19.1% 35.8% 25.9%
Ca 7.2% 6.9% 5.8% 3.7%Ma 35.3% 63.4% 47.1% 45.7%
D 1.1% 10.7% 10.0% 16.9%
W 0.0% 0.0% 1.3% 7.8%
Ta 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
N 330 330 273 273
a & S: MAFESa aa; Pa: A Sa a (=603)Ia: 56.5% a a E a. O 19.1% a (2008).
A a a, ( 9% a a a 1% a, F 5). I a , a a
aa, a . 33% a a a a
Sa , 36% a a a a
a a E. T a a :
5% a a Ia a 6% Sa a
a Sa. A a, a aa a
a a. Taaa a
a Sa aa. I a, aa a. B
aaa a a aa a a; a
a a aa a a a / . I aa a a Sa a: 50% aaa (a
, .. a ) MAFE a (Ba,
Ba a. 2011).
T a a aaa E?
Ca aa a a a a
a a a a, a a. F,
a a a , a a
. aaa . S, a
a a a a a a a (Sa), a a a a (E). F, a a
a a a a aaa a
a. T aaa a a a MAFE aa a
a. Baa, a MAFE aa a a a
a. Ra a a a, a a. Ra
a a aa ( a ) a a aa
aa a, a a a a E ( a a
a a a, a a a
a a). F, MAFE aa, a
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24
Ea : a a a a (.. Sa)
a a a a a E aa .
B 2. C .
S a a a
a: (1) a a a / () a (2) a a a a / (). Ea a (
a) a aa ( a , ..
a a a) a ( ()a a a a
a). W a a a a a a
a / () a (). I a a , a
10 a a aa aa.
Ra a E ( a aa E) Sa
( a Sa). W aa. T a a
E a a a E. T a a a a
a a a a a a E Aa, a a . T
aa a aaa a MAFE, a a a Fa, Ia a Sa,
a Sa (a Sa).
Ma a a a Sa Fa, Ia Sa,
a / . W aa aa (.. aa ), a
a aaa . C a a a a a: (1) (2) a
aa (a ). W aa a Sa,
a E. C, a Sa a a a
a a E.
Ra a , a Sa
(). Ea aa, a a a a a a .
Ea a a a a a (
a a 18). A , aa a Sa, a
a E. C, a Sa a a a a a
E.
F 6 aaa (.. aa ) 16
E ( a , B 2). A
B 2, a a 10a (.. a 10
a a aa aa). A 5 a aa, aa 7.3%
a (.. 92.7% a aa F 6); a 10 a,
a 18.1%. T a a aa a a a a
aa. I, a a a
a a: a a ,
a a a a a (
F 7 a a).
16
B , aa, a aaa a , a a (Fa, Ia Sa) a (Sa).
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25
F 6. E
( )
F 7. ,
W : MAFESa aa; : Sa a E a a a aa a a ( Sa, a ). N a a a a a a a Sa (=154, 20 a).: T a a aa a a a E. A 2 a, 99.4% a aa; 92.7% a 5 a a 81.9% a 10 a.D a a a a a (Wa 2(1) = 0.44; P>2 = 0.5077).
D a a a a ? D Sa a (a
) E a Sa? I F 8, a aa
. O Sa a E (Fa, Ia, Sa)
Sa, a a
a a, .. E a a a , .. Sa. I a 172
a, a aa a a Sa,
21 a a a 16 a . O a, aa a
a a (.. Sa) a ,
a a a aa, a a a
13.4% a 5 a ( a a 14.3% a 10 a). Ra E
aa a a : a 5 a aa, 6.6% aaa a
a a; 15.9% a 10 a.. I , a , a a E, a a
a a a a (Baa, Ba ., 2013). I a
a, a a a a a a a
a a Aa a E a
a.
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26
F 8. : ,
: MAFESa aa; : Sa a E a Sa a a a aa a a ( Sa, a ) (=172, 21 a a a, 16 a a ). N a a a a a a a Sa.: T a a aa a a a E (a a) Sa (a ). A 2 a aa (.. a a E), 0.5% a a a a 3.2% a . A 5 a, 6.6% a a a, a, E 15.9% a 10 a. A 5 a, 13.4% a , a Sa 14.3% a 10 a.
C
M a a a a, a a a a Sa. Aa a a a .
W a a a,
a a a (16% aa 13% a a a a, F 9).
Ca a a, a a a a :
a a 12% Fa 33% Ia,
a 7% a 17% Fa a Ia. W a ,
a a a a a : a a a a ()
Sa, a a (7% a a () ,
a a a , F 9). H Ia aa a a ,
a a a aaa a a Ea: a a () , 4% a
Fa (F 9).
Fa, a , a a
a a, a (F 11). A a ,
a a a a a a
E. A aa, a a Sa
a a E a a a. A 5 a
aa, 7.5% a a a E, aa 13.6% Sa. A
a 10 a, a a a 9.7% E a 22.6% Sa (F 12).Aa a a E aa
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Sa a, a a a a a
E.
F 9. C E,
87%
93%
84%
83%
84%
88%
80%
67%
13%
7%
16%
17%
7%
4%
8%
24%
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
2%
2%
2%
0%
0%
0%
0%
7%
6%
11%
7%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
A
N Fa
N Sa
N Ia
A
N Fa
N Sa
N Ia
Ma
Fa
N
A (018)
Sa
A a 1 (018)
a aa a
a
A a 1 (018)
a
* C 18 a aa.
a
MAESa aa; Sa a E (=603); 2008
: A 1a, 87% a. F , a 84%.
F 10. : F 11. :
,
.: MAFESa aa; : Sa a E a a a aa () a a. N=569 a a (51 a), a a a 18 a a. T a a 221 aa, a aa 4.05 ( 2.2) (a 112). N a a Sa a a a (a a).: A 2 a, a a aa 99.4%, 93.2% a 5 a a 90.2% a 10 a.
I , a 2 a aa, 0.6% a , 6.8% a 5 a a 9.8% a 10 a. F a, aa a 100% a 2 a, 96.6% a 5 a, a 94.1%
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a 10 a. F a, aa a 97.4% a 2 a, 77.4% a 5 a, a 71.1% a10 a. S a a (Wa 2(1) = 23.82; P>2 = 0.0000).
F 12. : ,
: MAFESa aa; : Sa a E a Sa a a a aa () a a. I a, a 673 aa: a a 18 a a. T a a 246 aa, a aa 4.39 ( 2.4) (a 114). Fa: 61 a a, 82 a . N a a Sa a a a (a a).: T a a aa a a a a E (a a) Sa (a ). A a: a 2 a, 0.6% , a 5 a, 7.5% a a 10 a, 9.7% . A : a 2 a, 1.4% a , a 5 a, 13.6% ; a
10 a, 22.6% .
I a, MAFE aa a a a a
Sa a E. W aa a a a
a a, aaa aaa a
aa a a. T a a :
. U aa a , a a a
a Daa a a aa (a a ) a a a a (a a,
aa a). Ia, a a
a a. E a a (a Ea)
a, a a a a, aaa
aa a a a. U aa E a Sa
a, a a aaa a a a a ()
. W a a a aa a a a
aa Sa , a a .
A a a . I MAFE a a a a ,
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a a a (Sa, 2013), a a a
a a (.. Sa) a E. W a a
a, a a E. W a a a aa
a a a, / a ().
O , aa ( a Sa,
a / a) a (
a ), a a a a a
a . I a a a E a
a a (5 a aa a, 10 a aa
) a a a a, a Sa
a a .
T a : a a a a a aa a
, a E a Sa
a ? T a a
a. O a a a ( a ) a
a a a a E
(Ba, Ba a. 2011; GF, Ba a. 2012). I a
a a a
a a E. T aa a a aa a
a Sa a a aa a. I a
aaa a a a, a a, a aaa a. O
a, a a a a a aaa a
a a . T
( a aaa a Ia, a) a a aaa a a aa a .
E A / ? T
.
Aa, M. a C. Qa (2002). "R a a a.
F , a " VEI (128).
Ba, P., C. Ba, a. (2011). "A Ra Fa Ra E. T Ca Sa C." MAFE W Pa 16: 27.Ba P. Ba C., GF A., 2013, Da O Ma B Sa A
Fa, Ia A Sa, MAFE W Pa 25, Pa, INEDBa, J. (2001). "La a a : a aa 'A
Sa." H a(1232): 1625.Ba, J. (2002). Fa aa Fa : a a a a / a
Ja Ba ; . J a. M. Sa. Pa, CNRS: 157171.Ba C., 2012, Ma Aa a E: Raa a S D, MAFE
Ma N 5, Pa, INED, 45
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30
B, C. (2008). "N S S" : W Aa M Saa aTaaa L Sa. C "Ra aaa a, a a ". U Aa: 11.
Caa, J.L. a A. D (1989). "U a, " : a 'a C 'I. T, : Pa P G
Sa. Pa: 277290.Da, F. B. (2008). Maa Daa : a . PaDaa, KaaaC.D, V. a F. Da (1986). Ma a A ' :
a a a aa (C 'I T). S.., ORSTOMDa aa a.
E, T. a A. GaF (2012). Ea C Ma Pa Fa aSa: Ma Ca Caa Ra. PAA C. SaFa, CA.
E, A. a C. Ca (2009). Ta a a aa a. XXVIIaa Pa C. IUSSP. Maa.
Ea Ma N (2012). M R Fa Ra. EMN I. E.
C: 4.F, S. (1997). Ma a Fa Ia Aa. Fa, Pa a D.A. A. L, Z B: 109138.
Faa, M.L., Ba C., a. (2010). "Pa, : Ta a aaa a aa." MAFE W Pa 7.
GF, A., P. Ba, a. (2012). "CPa Saa a Sa Ma E: Ma Sa Ca Aa?" T Aa AaAa Pa a Sa S 643(1): 106 133.
G, C. Z. (1998). "I a a. S a WAa." Pa (1): 85103.
La, R. a B. N (2005). Sa a a a : ' Sa a Fa a , a a . LaaN, AaaBa: 449479.
L, T. a M. MaaS (2005). V a aa A 'O.IUSSP C. T: 28.
Laa, M. (1989). L' aa a. E aa aa. 2: 517.
Ma, A. (1997). L aa ' 'aa a. Ma a A : a a a. M. P. Pa, Caa a a : 279299.
Maa, V. a D. Sa (2011). "Taaa Fa a WB C:Ca a Ma Ca." Ja Maa a Fa 73(4): 704712.
Maa V., Sa D., Caa K., Ba C., 2013, Ma Fa B Aa AE: Ca Gaaa, C A Sa Ma F, MAFE WPa 30, Pa, INED
Ma, N. (2009). A a Sa: aa a a a . XXVI Iaa Pa C.IUSSP. Maa.
Ma, N. (2009). R a a : a a a a a Sa. V S : a, a a. M. A. Sa, P. K, R. Ma a D. Ta. Pa A a, A a a a: 247271.
P, C. (1996). Fa aa Fa : a, a aa. Pa,Ma (Q), CIEMI, L'Haaa.
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P, D. (1997). Ua : a a a aa a . T Ua a Aa: a aa a . C. Ra. T N Y, UNa U P: 447494.
Qa, C. (1991). G ', 'a : a S aa a.Pa, C. B.
R, B. (2001). "F "E G" "Taaa C"? Sa Ma'Aa E a M Ta." Ja E a Ma S27(4): 583599.
R, B. (2006). ""Taa" a a "a" : aaa Ia."Ca ' aa I(1): 95114.
R, B. (2008). "W Aa Taaa Ca: Gaaa a Sa Ia."Ja E a Ma S 34(2): 217234.
Sa P., 2013, N Pa O Ma B Sa A E, MAFE W Pa 21,Pa, INED
Sa, G. (2011). "M aa ? a a a Sa a." Pa, Sa a Pa 17(2): 153166.
S, O., B. Da, a. (1999). F a aa a Sa: aaaa a a aa a (a 'aa a a a a ). T Aa Pa C, Da,S Aa, 610 D 1999. T Aa Pa 21 C. / TC Aa a Pa, La Pa Aa a 21 S. V II,Daa, U Aa Pa S.
Sa, O. (1991). T a a. CaO, B. Ba.Ta, M. (1996). L S Fa : ' 'a. Pa, Kaaa.