Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and...
-
Upload
oliver-griffith -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and...
![Page 1: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
1
HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Justus Roux
Stellenbosch University Centre for Language and Speech Technology
![Page 2: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
AIM
• Brunfelsia Latifolia
• Focus on official government policy development on HLT in South Africa
• Role players in policy making • Wish list regarding future planning and policies
![Page 3: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
YESTERDAY1999 / 2000:
• First initiative by Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) and the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST) towards setting up a “Human Language Technology Project”
• Joint Steering Committee: DACST, PanSALB, Universities: Stellenbosch, Pretoria, UNISA, Bloemfontein, ICOMTEK (CSIR), private translation company
• Task to develop a Strategic Plan for HLT development in South Africa
![Page 4: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
YESTERDAY
Thinking at that time very much influenced by
– European Model for ‘Language Engineering’ and FP5 funding for HLT in Europe
– Recognition of particular realities in SA• Academic & technical realities – limited – training and
reskilling programmes – technology transfer
• Financial realities – co-operation to be sought from Government, Academia, Private sector
• Political realities – official language situation > development of National Lexicographic Units (NLUs)
![Page 5: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
YESTERDAY
September 2000 – Report – The development of Human Language Technologies in South Africa – Strategic Planning.
Three steps• Step 1 Create a SA model for HLT development
and implementation– Component 1: Applied research and capacity building
(Specialised courses at tertiary institutions, short informal courses)
– Component 2: Production of language resources – standards – “Regulatory forum”
– Component 3: Developing enabling technologies – support to innovative projects – funding from Innovation Fund of DACST
– Component 4: Conscious steps to develop HLT industry
![Page 6: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
YESTERDAY
Step 2 Creation of a legal framework to ensure systematic acquisition of government resources
Ammendment of the Legal Deposit Act (1997)
Step 3 Development of physical infrastructure to manage the implementation of the model
(NB Role of the NLUs as integral part)
• Virtual National Language and Speech Resource Centre
• Virtual National Electronic Language and Speech Data Network
• Regulatory Forum for Human Language Technologies
![Page 7: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
![Page 8: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
• Strategic plan was accepted (by DACST) and on 8 November 2001 a Ministerial Advisory Panel on HLT was inaugurated with the task to focus on the viability of the establishment of a “virtual national electronic language and speech network”
• 8 members – three of whom are at this meeting
• Report delivered in to the Minister in September 2002
YESTERDAY
![Page 9: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Recommendations
#1 A virtual HLT Centre to be established with a hub and spoke / nodes configuration (Accepted)
YESTERDAY
![Page 10: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Structure of National Resource Centre for HLT (Virtual Centre: Hub and connected nodes)
Centre YSA Eng
AfrikaansUni D
N SothoSign Lang
Uni BVendaTsonga
Uni AXhosaSwati
Centre XZulu
Ndebele
Uni CN SothoTswanaManagerial Hub
Coordination of Node Activities
Data acquisitionData enhancement
Data management & backupTraining
NLU (?)Lang (?)
LELE
LE
LE = Language experts
![Page 11: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Recommendation #2 (Not accepted)
Establishment of an interim Implementation Secretariat for period of one year
In stead an HLT Steering Committee was appointed to oversee
implementation within a period of five years
Recommendation #3 (Accepted – not implemented)
HLT development should take place in co-operation with Presidential National Commission on Information Society and Development
Recommendation #4 (Not accepted – not necessary)
Amendment of Legal Deposit Act (1997)
YESTERDAY
![Page 12: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
YESTERDAY
2002
Department of Science and Technology (DST) – National Research and Development Strategy – reference to ICT / HLT (Handout)
2003• National Language Policy Framework (NLPF) approved by Cabinet
(February) – specific reference to HLT in Section 3 (3.3) • The development of an official HLT Strategy as one of the
implementation mechanisms of the NLFP is suggested - Section 4 (4.8) (Refer “TODAY”)
• Establishment of an HLT Unit within National Language Service • HLT Steering Committee appointed to oversee implementation of
an HLT Resource Centre within a period of five years in collaboration with the HLT Unit of the National Language service (NLS) (2003-2007)
![Page 13: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
YESTERDAY
2004
Department of Trade and Industry Report
Benchmarking of Technology – Trends and Technology Developments
Emphasis on the important role of HLT within the economic sector in South Africa.
![Page 14: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Summary of technologies with potential high impact on ICT sector
(SA Dept Trade and Industry Report 2004: 10)
Low HighSouth Africa`s ability to respond
Po
ten
tial i
mp
act
on
in
du
stry
Mobile
WirelessHLT
OSS
TelemedicineGrid computing
Geomatics
RFID
Manufacturing (CAD, Robotics)
Lim
ited
Pe
rva
sive
![Page 15: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
YESTERDAY2005• Establishment of Meraka Institute with HLT Research
Group Initiative of Department of Science and Technology (DST)
• National Workshop on HLT (May 2005 – CSIR Conference Centre) – Roadmapping – Main issues and recommendations are in handout.
• During this period several workshops and conference tracks were held:– PRASA annual conferences– ALASA SIG on Language and Speech Technology Development– ALASA International Conferences (special track)– Roadmapping workshop with State IT Agency (SITA) – Steven
Krauwer (BLARKS)
![Page 16: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
TODAYProgress of Steering Committee to set up Resource Centre in collaboration with NLS (HLT Unit) (1)
• Draft HLT National Strategy document developed and submitted (Detail Dr Jokweni)
• Great amount of work, but little progress
• The Steering Committee had a strained working relationship with previous Chief Director of NLS, hence two instances of disagreement:
– Unilateral call by DAC (NLS) (2005) for tenders as management agent for the envisaged National Resource Centre – failure – no funds available
– Unilateral call for development proposals by DAC (2006) – Steering Committee was not involved (amount distributed to successful applicants – outputs imminent)
![Page 17: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
TODAY
Progress of Steering Committee to set up Resource Centre in collaboration with NLS (HLT Unit) (2)
• The Steering Committee has a good working relationship with new Chief Director and staff of the of NLS
– Submissions for funding submitted
![Page 18: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Research Role Players in South Africa: Universities
LanguageResources
EnablingTechno-logies
StandardiseFormats &Protocols
Speech recognition
Morph analysis
Speech generation
POS tagging
Syntactic analysis
Semantic analysis
Text corpora
Spoken corpora
Dictionaries
Lexicons
Grammars
Terminology banks
Research
UniversitiesEngineering
Computer Science Dedicated R&D Centres
Meraka Institute
DST
InternationalStandards
Organisation(ISO TC 37)
SABS TC 37
UniversitiesLanguages
Linguistics Dedicated R&D Centres
NLSPanSALB
DAC
![Page 19: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
TOMORROWWish list - Planning and policy
• Restructuring of the HLT Steering Committee: Real role players are needed to contribute to the debate (Request to the Minister through NLS / DAC)
• Establishment of the HLT Resource Centre as a priority.– Render support services to HLT community– Source of job creation
• Co-ordinated academic training at national level– Standard curricula over and above specialised curricula– Staff exchange programme (national & international)– Recognition of modules across accredited institutions
• Applied research conducted in accordance with national priorities set by, for example, a body of experts from user sectors. (Roadmaps, annually updated.)
• Blue sky research within HLT remains imperative also from funding perspective.
![Page 20: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
TOMORROW• National funding procedures for HLT research and
training should be transparent and equitable– Task for a Select Committee of National and International
Experts (?)
• Address the particular interest in HLT research and training within Africa: imminent projects – Algeria, Morocco, Kenya, Nigeria and Gabon. – Possibility of international funding, e.g. Association of African
Universities (AAU) staff & student exchange programme
• Hopefully more insights to be gained from this workshop, not only with respect to international co-operation, but also regarding the positioning of HLT activities in South Africa.
![Page 22: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
22
![Page 23: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
FUNCTIONS OF HLT CENTRE
![Page 24: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
24
Importance of a National Resource Centre for HLT
• Acquiring, enhancing and managing text and speech data for HLT applications:– Extremely costly– Extremely time consuming– Requires skilled language experts
• Therefore: Need to develop reusable resources
• General practice world wide:– ELSNET (Europe), LDC (USA), (Japan)
![Page 25: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
25
Functions of a National Resource Centre for HLT
• Constitutes one of the integral components for effective HLT product development in all official languages of SA.
• Will interact will all other role players for in the field to expedite service delivery in HLT applications.
• It will serve a depository of raw and enhanced reusable text and speech resources of all SA languages for use by different communities / institutions for language related purposes, e.g. NLUs, Terminology development sections, translation services, education etc
• It will serve as a language archive to document language and speech phenomena of the official languages of SA over a period of time as part of cultural heritage. (SA lost its ‘Sound Archive’)
![Page 26: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
26
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Data acquisition • Text data
– Different types / genres• Official / Formal (announcements, legislation)• Informal (magazines etc)• Literary (novels, drama etc)
• Sources:• Printed media: News agencies, Publishers• Government services (all levels, including Hansard)
![Page 27: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
27
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Data acquisition • Speech data
– Different types• Read speech • Spontaneous speech
– Different domains & conditions• Sport, news, interviews / noisy environments
– Different transmission modes• Telephone speech: mobile, fixed lines• Recorded speech (microphone)
– Different subjects• Male, Female, young, old, impaired
• Sources:• SABC archives• Own initiatives (!)
![Page 28: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
28
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Data enhancementText• Development and application of
– Tokenisers (word identification)– Parts of speech taggers (nouns, verbs, adverbs etc)– Morphological analysers (composition of words)– Syntactic parsers (composition of phrases / sentences)(With tools to be developed in collaboration with experts
from Technology Component)
• Creation of machine readable lexicons (XML format)
![Page 29: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
29
A partial XML entry for the noun -ntu, class 1-2, is as follows
<Entry> <Head> <Stem>ntu</Stem> </Head> <Body> <Tone>3.2.9</Tone> <MSI>
<POS> <Noun> <Noun-features>
<Class-pf-s>umu</Class-pf-s><Class-pf-p>aba</Class-pf-p><Class-no>1-2</Class-no><Label>n</Label>
<Dim> <Form>umntwana</Form>
<Sense>baby, small child</Sense> </Dim> <Loc> <Form>kumuntu</Form>
Bosch SE, Pretorius L & Jones, J. Towards machine-readable lexicons for South African Bantu Languages. Nordic Journal of African Studies 16 (2): 131-145 (2007)
![Page 30: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
30
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Data enhancement (2)
Speech• Orthographic transcriptions of speech (S to T)• Phonetic transcription and annotation of speech
– Sound like utterances• Fluent speech• Repetitions, false starts etc
– Non sound like utterances• Background noise• Lip smacks etc
• Supportive software programmes (e.g. Praat)
![Page 31: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
31
Ukuja(bula)
Speaker One – Ngithi ukujabula manje
u k u
![Page 32: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
32
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Data management & Software development
• Determine data needs in collaboration with HLT Unit in NLS for government applications
• Acquire the data with the assistance of language specialists at different nodes of the Centre
• Solicit development of appropriate software• Manage, back-up, distribute data to users• Commercialise resources: private sector
developers
![Page 33: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
33
Tasks of a National Resource Centre for HLT
Training and Consultation• Identify training needs and potential trainers
• Develop non-formal training curricula for the reskilling of interested language practitioners
• Organise HLT training workshops at different venues in the country encouraging language bodies to participate
• Create awareness of HLT potential in collaboration with the HLT Unit of NLS
![Page 34: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
34
Structure of National Resource Centre for HLT (Virtual Centre: Hub and connected nodes)
Centre YSA Eng
AfrikaansUni D
N SothoSign Lang
Uni BVendaTsonga
Uni AXhosaSwati
Centre XZulu
Ndebele
Uni CN SothoTswanaManagerial Hub
Coordination of Node Activities
Data acquisitionData enhancement
Data management & backupTraining
NLU (?)Lang (?)
LELE
LE
LE = Language experts
![Page 35: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
35
Relationships
Seatla se sengwe se tlhapiswa ke se sengwe
(The one hand washes the other)
• No infringements on current lexicographic or terminological activities - Different foci
• Complementary activities:– Raw or enhanced data to be supplied to NLU`s /
PanSALB / NLS– NLU`s could contribute to National depository
• Win-win situation for the sake of technological development of our languages
![Page 36: Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 - 26 November 2008 1 HLT in South Africa: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Justus Roux Stellenbosch University Centre for Language.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062719/56649ee05503460f94bf0bdb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Workshop:HLT Collaboration 23 -26 November 2008
36
Concluding remarks
• Attempt to speed up activities in the development of HLT applications to provide services in a language of choice.
• To provide new resources and tools for lexicographic and terminological development.
• To provide a new range of job opportunities for graduates in African languages
• Keep South Africa abreast with new developments in the Information Society and avoid the marginalisation of the indigenous languages.