Work Psychology ppt
-
Upload
fareed-virk -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of Work Psychology ppt
![Page 1: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 1/28
Presentation on
By : Fareed Virk
![Page 2: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 2/28
A decision is a choice made fromavailable alternatives.
![Page 3: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 3/28
Decision Making Process
![Page 4: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 4/28
Recognition ofdecision
requirements
Diagnosis andAnalysis of
Causes
Developmentof Alternatives
Selection ofDesiredAlternative
Implementationof Chosen
Alternative
Evaluation andfeedback
![Page 5: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 5/28
How are decisions made
in organizations?
![Page 6: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 6/28
Decision environments include:
Certain environments.
A situation in which a manager can make an accurate
decision because the outcome of every alternative choice
is known.
Risk environments.
A situation in which the manager is able to estimate thelikelihood (probability) of outcomes that result from the
choice of particular alternatives.
Uncertain environments.
Limited information prevents estimation of outcome
probabilities for alternatives associated with the problem
and may force managers to rely on intuition, hunches, and
“gut feelings”.
![Page 7: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 7/28
Types of Decisions
![Page 8: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 8/28
8
PROGRAMMED
DECISIONS.
Involve routine problems
that arise regularly and can
be addressed through
standard responses.
NONPROGRAMMED
DECISIONS.
Involve non-routine
problems that require
solutions specifically
tailored to the situation at
hand
![Page 9: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 9/28
Organizational Level Nature of Problems Nature ofDecision-Making
![Page 10: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 10/28
![Page 11: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 11/28
Classical Decision
Theory
The classical decisionmaker:
Faces a clearly definedproblem.
Knows all possibleaction alternatives andtheir consequences.
Full information aboutalternatives and theiroutcomes.
Chooses the optimumalternative.
Is often used as a modelof how managers shouldmake decisions.
![Page 12: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 12/28
BehavioralDecision Theory
Recognizes that human
beings operate with: Cognitive limitations.
Bounded rationality.
The behavioral decisionmaker: Faces a problem that is
not clearly defined.
Has limited knowledgeof possible actionalternatives and their
consequences. Chooses a satisfactory
alternative.
![Page 13: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 13/28
Garbage Can
Model
Views decision-making as ahighly unstructured process
A model of decision makingthat views problems,solutions, participants, andchoice situations as mixed
together in the “garbagecan” of the organization.
Instead of identifying aproblem,the model proposesthat decisions begin with the
solution. When solutionsemerge, problems arise.
![Page 14: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 14/28
Decision Making Approach
![Page 15: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 15/28
Rationality
Bounded Rationality
Intuition
Involves gut feeling
May also have rational basis
The “feeling” arises from past experience and knowledge
Involves quicker response
Some believe it is a personality trait with which very few
people are born with
It doesn’t necessarily operate independently of rational
analysis; rather the two complement
![Page 16: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 16/28
Heuristics
Availability A decision maker’stendency to basedecisions on informationthat is readily availablein memory.
Anchoring andadjustment
Bases a decision onincremental adjustmentsto an initial valuedetermined by historicalprecedent or somereference point.
RepresentativenessThe tendency to assessthe likelihood of anevent occurring basedon one’s impressionsabout similaroccurrences.
![Page 17: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 17/28
Decision Making
Styles
![Page 18: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 18/28
Directive
•Use minimalinformation andconsider fewalternatives
•Seek rationality
Analytic
•Need moreinformation andalternatives
•Make carefuldecisions in
uniquesituations
Conceptual
•Good at findingcreativesolutions.
•Maintain abroad outlook
and considermanyalternatives inmakingdecisions
Behavioral
•Strong concernfor people in theorganizationand theirdevelopment
•Avoid conflictby working wellwith others andbeing receptiveto suggestions
![Page 19: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 19/28
![Page 20: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 20/28
![Page 21: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 21/28
![Page 22: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 22/28
![Page 23: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 23/28
![Page 24: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 24/28
![Page 25: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 25/28
Decision Making Tools
![Page 26: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 26/28
Qualitative
SWOT PEST
Stakeholder Analysis
HRM
Quantitative
Break-even Analysis
PERT
CPM
Decision Trees
![Page 27: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 27/28
Characteristics of an EffectiveDecision-Making Process
It focuses on what is important.
It is logical and consistent.
It acknowledges both subjective and objective thinkingand blends analytical with intuitive thinking.
It requires only as much information and analysis as isnecessary to resolve a particular dilemma.
It encourages and guides the gathering of relevantinformation and informed opinion.
It is straightforward, reliable, easy to use, and flexible.
![Page 28: Work Psychology ppt](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052309/577ce7401a28abf10394ae1f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7/31/2019 Work Psychology ppt
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/work-psychology-ppt 28/28