Sport Psychology PPT 2009
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Transcript of Sport Psychology PPT 2009
Topic:Motivation
Sport Psychology
DEFINITIONSport Psychology is the study of
thoughts (attitudes), feelings (emotions), and reactions (actions) of athletes in a competitive setting.
Performance = Psychological readiness
+ Physical preparation
+ Technical skill + Tactical awareness
MOTIVATION OBJECTIVES
1. Define motivation and its components,2. Differentiate between extrinsic and
intrinsic motivation,3. Know how to use direct and indirect
methods of motivation,4. Identify other methods of motivating the
athletes.
CONCEPT OF MOTIVATIONMotivation can be defined simply as the
direction and intensity of one’s effort (Sage, 1977).
Motivation is to start, to energise and maintain a behaviour
CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION 1.1 Direction of Effort1.2 Intensity of Effort 1.3 The Relationship between Direction and Intensity
“The burning question is how badly do you want to succeed?”
Geoff Boycott.
Quotation
IF I BELIEVE I CAN DO OR BE SOMETHING / SOMEBODY,
CHANCES ARE I WILL.
IF I DON’T, I WON’T, IT IS AS SIMPLE AND
AS IMPORTANT AS THAT
QuotationMost people give up
just when they’re
about to achieve
success. They quit on
the one yard line.
They give up at last
minute of the game,
one foot from a
winning touchdown.
SOURCES OF MOTIVATION Intrinsic Motivation Athletes who are intrinsically motivated
have an inner striving to be competent and self-determining, to master the task, and to be successful.
SOURCES OF MOTIVATION Extrinsic motivation Motivation that comes from other
sources through positive and negative reinforcement. Tangible: trophies, medals or money Intangible: praise, public recognition and punishment.
Key Components for Success
1.1. DDesire2.2. DDiscipline3.3. DDetermination
SS - Strive UU - Unique CC - Courage CC - Change EE - Efficient SS - Strength SS - Survival
TYPES OF MOTIVATION Direct methods of motivation
Identification Compliance Internalization
Indirect methods of motivation Change the physical situation Change the psychological situation
Quotation YOUR STATE OF MIND DIRECTLY AFFECTS
HOW YOU PERFORM. YOUR BODY RESPONDS TO YOUR THOUGHTS. IF YOU ARE AIMING FOR PEAK PERFORMANCES YOU WANT TO BE IN A STATE OF READINESS : PSYCHOLOGICALLY AND PHYSICALLY
Hemery (1990)
METHODS OF MOTIVATING ATHLETES Athletes’ needs and motives Understand athletes’ needs3 prominent motives
To play for fun (sensation)To be with other people (affiliation)To demonstrate competence in order to feel
worthy (achievement)Use extrinsic and intrinsic rewards
Food for Thought If an athlete is coached with criticism, she learns to condemn If an athlete is coached with hostility, he learns to fight If an athlete is coached with ridicule, she learns to hate If an athlete is coached with shame, he learns to feel guilty If an athlete is coached with tolerance, she learns to be patient If an athlete is coached with fairness, he learns justice If an athlete is coached with consistency, she learns to trust If an athlete is coached with respect, he learns to respect
himself If an athlete is coached with encouragement, she learns to be
confident If an athlete is coached with praise, he learns to appreciate
How do you coach your athletes?
DISCUSSION1. Discuss direct and indirect methods of
motivation by sharing specific examples related to you as a coach.
2. Discuss the following with specific situations in your sport:
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Athletes’ needs and motivation
SPKK Level 1Topic:
Self-concept
Sport Psychology
INTRODUCTIONAthletes with a positive self-concept will
have a positive self-image, self belief and high self-esteem.
They feel good about themselves, self-worthy, and confident.
OBJECTIVES Identify the components of self-concept
in sport Explain the self-image cycle specifically
how self-image affects our attitudes, expectations, behaviours, and performance in all areas of our lives
Detail some strategies to help athletes enhance their positive self-image
DEFINITIONSelf-concept is defined as a person’s self-
perception, which is formed through experiences with, and through interpretations of his or her environment.
These perceptions are influenced by the evaluation of significant others, reinforcements, and the way people interpret their own behaviours to themselves (i.e. their attributions or reasons for their behaviours).
Conceptualization of Self
Influences of a Positive Self-Concept
MotivationMotivation i.e. drive to pursue goals.LearningLearning i.e. acquisition of new knowledge
or skills.Athletic performanceAthletic performance i.e. achieve personal
best.Personal relationshipPersonal relationship i.e. liking for others
and acceptance by others.Life satisfactionLife satisfaction i.e. how a person feels
satisfied with personal accomplishment.Performance in other areasPerformance in other areas i.e. his/her own
individual areas and pursuing life goals
Acquiring Positive Self-Concept Show Acceptance Offer Specific Praise Give Personal Attention Emphasize Self Responsibility
SELF-IMAGE Self-image affects our attitudes, expectations,
behaviors, and performances in all areas of our lives
The Success Cycle
The Failure Cycle
Reprogramme for Success
CRAFT PROCESS
1.1. CCancel – memories of your old, negative beliefs.
2.2. RReplace – them with new, positive beliefs.3.3. AAffirm – your new concept of yourself. 4.4. FFocus – on specific images of success.5.5. TTrain – yourself to accept your new beliefs.
Positive Self-Image Athletes Athletes with positive self-image have
positive feelings about themselves, about their capabilities and clear about the roles that they play.
It is important that athletes develop a more positive self-image for this leads to greater self-confidence. A self-confident athlete is sure of himself, his ability, and less prone to worry.
SELF-ESTEEM Self-esteem is defined as the evaluation of
self with respect to an ideal vision of self along a dimension (characteristics) used to describe self.
Athletes who feel good about themselves are said to have a high self-esteem.
They recognize their own strengths and weaknesses and accept their selves for what they are.
Factors that Influence Self-esteem in Sports Self-imageRelationshipsSocial environmentsThe mediaPersonal achievements
Improving Self-esteem in Sport
Increase self-knowledgeBe more self-acceptingSet goals
SELF-BELIEF / SELF-CONFIDENCE Self-belief can be regarded synonymously
with confidence. Sport psychologists define self-confidence as the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior.
“I always know I would do it one day. I always believed” Mike Powell, after breaking the world long jump record.
SELF-VULNERABILITY Self-vulnerability is the perception of
change in self, occurring under stressful circumstances
“When the going gets tough, the tough gets going”
DISCUSSION1. Discuss the 4 ways a coach could use to
facilitate positive self-concept of players.2. Describe the characteristics of athletes
with positive self-image.
Food for Thought “An estimation of my own ability is far more
important than that of any selector” Stuart Barnes
“Of all the judgments that we pass in life, none is as important as the one we pass on ourselves, for that judgment touches the very centre of our existence. How we relate to ourselves affects how we relate to others, and to the world around us”
Nathaniel Branden