NCERT CLASS VI WORDS SL. NO ENGLISH WORD HINDI TRANSLATION1 remorse पछता�वा�2 aspect पहलू�3 jealous ईर्षा��लू�4 consignment प्रे�र्षाण5 hit मा�रना�6 statue प्रेतितामा�7 aware जा�गरूक8 renown यश9 behead सि�र क�ट कर अलूग कर दे�ना�10 terrify आता तिकता करना�11 terrified भय�क्रां� ता12 dawn भ#र13 ambitious माहत्त्वा�क� क्षी&14 exaggerated अतितार जिजाता15 pale प&लू�16 starve भ�खे� रहना�17 curse अभिभश�प18 muttering ग�नाग�ना19 narrate बय�ना करना�20 obliged आभ�र&21 inauspicious अश�भ22 auspicious श�भ23 dilemma दुतिवाधा�24 Embarrassment पर�श�ना&25 magnanimous उदे�र26 grievance सिशक�यता27 revolt तिवाद्रो#ह28 torture य�ताना�29 brutal क्रां� र30 confession31 confess कब�लू करना�32 persist दृढ़ रहना�33 allege आर#प करना�34 plunge डु�बक235 unprecedented अभ�ताप�वा�36 martyr शह&दे37 phased out ब�हर चरणबद्ध38 endanger जा#खिखेमा मा6 डु�लूना�39 perpetuate य�देग�र बना�ना�40 guideline ��मा�न्यता�41 grocery तिकर�ना�

प�प - स्वा&क�र#सि9

42 scream च&खे43 smear धाब्ब�44 hysterically प�गलू;45 rage क्रां#धा46 realise माह��� करना�47 hastily जाल्दे= ��48 stared दे�खे649 repent पछता�ना�50 disguise वा�श बदेलूना�51 meagre meal अल्प भ#जाना52 compliment प्रेश ��53 dignity प्रेतिताष्ठा�54 sympathy �ह�ना�भ�तिता55 summon प�क�रना�56 find out पता� लूग�ना�57 cloaks कपड़े�58 embarrassed शर्मिंमाAदे�59 embarrass अ�मा जा� मा6 डु�लूना�60 humility तिवानाम्रता�61 Christmas Eve बड़े� दिदेना क2 प�वा� � ध्य�62 pawnbroker ��देख़ो#र63 imitate नाकलू करना�64 disciples च�लू;65 settle down ब�ना�66 downcast मा�य��67 perspiration प�&ना�68 fatigue थक�ना69 unconscious ब�ह#श70 alert च�ता�वाना&71 active �तिक्रांय72 reveal प्रेकट करना�73 lullaby लू#र&74 obvious स्पष्ट75 improbable अ� भवा76 pact � धिधा77 proper उसिचता78 deny इनाक�र करना�79 consult पर�माश� करना�80 effective प्रेभ�वा&81 ailing ब&मा�र82 perpetually �दे�83 confined �&धिमाता84 dingy room ग दे� कमार�85 fastened ब�Kधा� हुआ86 deprived of sunshine धा�प �� वा सिचता87 persuade माना�ना�

88 heed89 trinket हलूक� गहना�90 afflicted प&तिड़ेता91 exhaust तिनाक��92 overcast मा�घय�993 dejected हता#त्��ह करना�94 mutter धा&र� �� कहना�95 lament तिवालू�प96 stumble ठो#कर खे�ना�97 embellish ��श#भिभता करना�98 lark ख़ो�श ह#ना�99 pierce प्रेवा�श करना�100 stage प्रेदेश�ना करना�101 relent मा�ना जा�ना�102 bewildered clouds घबर�ए हुए ब�देलू;103 welled up आ �� आ गए104 recline झु�कना�105 inhabited ब�� हुए106 flee पलू�यना करना�107 cliff चट्टा�ना108 mossy क�ई �� भर�109 grab हसिथय�ना�110 fainted ब�ह#श ह# गई111 rub रगड़ेना�112 sore प&ड़े�दे�यक113 anxiously उद्वे�ग ��114 moody क्रां� द्ध115 grumpy क्रां#धा&116 sparkle चमाक117 hiss फु� फुक�र118 wriggle तिहलूना�120 rot �ड़े�ना�121 plead तिनावा�देना करना�122 slimy धिघनाUना�123 weird creature अजा&ब प्रे�ण&124 temper स्वाभ�वा125 venom तिवार्षा126 fed up ता ग आ127 Let’s get rid of them चलू# उनामा6 �� छ� टक�र� प�ना� क� सिलूए128 somersault कलू�ब�जा&129 squeaky130 straggle तिपछड़े जा�ना�131 boastful घमा डु&132 tower ऊपर उठोना�133 awkward situation अजा&ब स्थिXतिता134 proclaim घ#र्षाण� करना�

दे�खे - भ�लू रखेना�

चY - चY करना�वा�लू�

135 stout ghost मा#ट� भ�ता136 applause वा�हवा�ह&137 apprehension श क�138 roam घ�माना�139 shriek सिचल्लू�हट140 nonchalantly अतिवाचसिलूता ढं ग ��141 set out रवा�ना� करना�142 thrust ढंक� लूना�143 scornfully तितारस्क�रप�वा�क144 deceptive भ्रा�माक145 eccentric �नाक2146 bout मा�क�बलू�147 stealthily सिछपकर148 snatch छ=नाना�149 ooze रिर�ना�150 illusion भ्रामा151 Crumble ट�कड़े� ट�कड़े� करना�152 vain व्यथ�153 vanquish वाश&भ�ता करना�154 servile manner ग़ु_लू�मा& क� ढं ग155 elated उत्ते�जिजाता156 dupe धा#खे� दे�ना�157 bolster गद्दी=158 crouch झु�कना�159 groan ताड़ेप160 disgust घbण�161 yawn जा भ�ई162 distinctly ��फ़ ताUर पर163 flapping फुड़ेफुड़े�164 pulp ग�द्दी�165 formidable दुजाdय166 ill-gotten प�प क2 कमा�ई167 befool ठोगना�168 ignoramus मा�खे�169 yell सिचल्लू�ना�170 wrinkle सि�क� ड़ेना�171 witch डु�यना172 hamper ब�धा�173 fist मा�ट्ठी=174 grimace मा� ह बना�ना�175 purse ओठो सि�क#ड़ेना�176 curse अभिभश�प दे�ना�177 elf य#तिगना&178 scowl मा� ह सि�क#ड़ेना�179 glitch गड़ेबड़े180 mystery रहस्य

181 weary थक�182 bleary अस्पष्ट183 slyly �य�ना�पना ��184 chore घर क� क�मा185 pretend ढं;ग करना�186 eaves ओर&187 stucco प्लू�स्टर188 domesticated प�लूता�189 tame वाश मा6 करना�190 sniff �� घना�191 dart ता&व्र गतिता192 offend अपमा�ना करना�193 amid क� ब&च194 brood बच्चे�195 descendant वा शजा196 slack ��स्ता197 unexpected अप्रेत्य�सिशता198 sip घ� ट199 pitcher घड़े�200 intend इर�दे� करना�201 trustworthy भर#��मा दे202 Thump प्रेह�र203 fall out झुगड़े� करना�204 crew कमाjदेलू205 tragedy त्रा��दे=206 streak जाल्दे= �� चलूना�207 blast off नाष्ट करना�208 disaster तिवापभित्ते209 glue ग;दे210 ill-fated ना�क�माय�ब211 voyage जालूय�त्रा�212 broke apart ट�ट गय�213 regional क्षी�त्रा&य214 cultural �� स्कb तिताक215 religious backgrounds धा�र्मिमाAक पbष्ठाभ�धिमा216 enrich �माbद्ध बना�ना�217 diverse तिवातिवाधा218 religious rituals धा�र्मिमाAक अना�ष्ठा�ना;219 recognise पहच�नाना�220 pavement फु� टप�थ221 honking आवा�जा222 Communal Riots �� प्रेदे�धियक दे ग;223 pepper क�लू& धिमाच�224 clove लूmग225 cardamom इलू�यच&226 travelogue य�त्रा�वाbता

227 Jallianwala Bagh mass जासिलूय� वा�लू� ब�ग नार� ह�र228 acknowledged स्वा&कb ता229 ingredients ��माग्री&230 pork ��अर क� मा� �231 beef ग#मा� �232 cereals अना�जा233 butter माक्खेना234 cream क्रां2मा235 cheese पना&र236 curd देह&237 Brinjal बpगना238 Wrap लूप�ट6239 sprout अ क� र240 beehive छत्राक241 squirrel तिगलूहर&242 Spinach प�लूक243 hunters सिशक�र&244 herders चरवा�ह;245 farmers तिक��ना;246 rulers श��क;247 merchants व्य�प�रिरय;248 priests य�जाक;249 crafts persons सिशल्पक�र;250 artists कलू�क�र;251 musicians � ग&ताक�र;252 scientists वाqज्ञा�तिनाक;253 barley जाU254 rearing animal पश� प�लूना255 flourish तिवाक�� प�ना�256 floods ब�ढ़257 droughts ��खे�258 natural frontiers प्रे�कb तिताक �&मा�259 bark वाल्कलू260 monastery माठो261 inscription सिशलू�लू�खे262 inscribe सिलूखेना�263 archaeologist प�र�तात्त्वाज्ञा264 sculpture मा�र्तिताAकलू�265 excavate खे#देना�266 imperishable अतिवाना�श&267 stud सिछतार�ना�268 Perforate छ�दे डु�लूना�269 Discrimination भ�देभ�वा270 tease सिचढ़�ना�271 Prejudice पक्षीप�ता272 superstition अन्धतिवाश्वा��

273 hygienic स्वा�स्थ्यकर274 cunning च�लू�क275 stingy क जा��276 accent उच्चे�रण277 rowdy उपद्रोवा&278 limp लू गड़े�279 lisp ता�तालू�ना�280 disabled तिवाकलू� ग281 dumb ग� ग�282 Inequality अ�मा�नाता�

283 garbage कचर�284 tarry ब��ना�285 plight दुदे�श�286 blurt जा#र �� ब#लूना�287 stun अच�ता करना�288 overpower पर�भ�ता करना�289 inferior ना&च�290 repulsion घbण�291 bewilder उलूझुना मा6 डु�लूना�292 plying चलू�ना�293 demean अपमा�तिनाता करना�294 discriminatory manner भ�देभ�वाप�ण� तार&क�295 Strive प्रेय�� करना�296 peasants तिक��ना;297 grasp पकड़ेना�298 concern चिंचAतिताता ह#ना�299 abolish �मा�प्ता करना�300 enshrined तिनातिहता301 depict वाण�ना करना�302 tincture धिमालू�वाट303 Pulse दे�लू304 jaggery ग�ड़े305 obesity मा#ट�प�306 stunted growth अवारुद्ध तिवाक��307 swelling of face च�हर� क2 ��जाना308 diarrhoea देस्ता309 glued �र�� �� जा#ड़े� हुआ310 pane ट�कड़े�311 perennial ब�रहमा��&312 seasonal माU�मा&313 pebble क कड़े314 scrape छ=लूना�315 plateau पह�ड़े& माqदे�ना316 flakes परता

317 antelope माbग318 breeding season माU�मा प्रेजानाना319 herd चर�ना�320 rear321 engrave खे#देना�322 bison जा गलू& भp�;323 ritual धा�र्मिमाAक � स्क�र324 slant तितारछ�325 precisely326 reckon मा�नाना�327 pile ढं�र328 monarchies र�जाता त्रा329 sought क2 मा� ग क2330 tackle �� तिनापटना�331 revamp ��धा�र क2332 enforce लू�ग� करना�333 abide334 accomplish प�र� करना�335 curtain पदे��336 yarn धा�ग�337 fleece मा� ड़ेना�338 wick ब�ता&339 mattress गद्दी�340 quilt रजा�ई341 immerse जालू�मा�धिधा दे�ना�342 Pinch च�टक2343 shun दूर रहना�344 fur पशमा345 twig टहना&346 Vine ब�लू347 animal fleece पश� ऊना348 draped सिलूपट=349 weed तिनार�ना�350 lentil मा��र351 Millet ब�जार�352 pestle मा��लू353 mortar ग�र�354 thresh ता�ड़ेना�355 husk भ��&356 pasture चर�ग�ह357 participation �हभ�तिगता�358 resolution � कल्प359 conflict � घर्षा�360 equality �मा�नाता�361 justice न्य�य362 apartheid law र गभ�दे क�ना�ना

प�लूना - प#र्षाण करना�

ठोzक - ठोzक

प�लूना करना�

363 mingle आप� मा6 धिमालूना�364 equipped ���स्थि|ता365 protestor तिवार#धाकता��366 mercilessly तिनादे�यता� ��367 poacher सिशक�र क� च#र368 extinct animal तिवालू�प्ता प्रे�ण&369 implement क# लू�ग� करना�370 discriminated भ�देभ�वा371 erupt फु� टना�372 disrupt भ ग करना�373 tendency प्रेवाbभित्ते374 unjust अन्य�य375 waive अधिधात्य9 करना�376 convince क# �माझु�ना� क�377 tumbler तिगलू��378 lustre चमाक379 scratch खेर;च380 compress ��क381 Soluble घ�लूनाश&लू382 Stir हलूचलू383 Transparency प�रदेशjता�384 opaque अप�रदेशj385 translucent तिनामा�लू386 prop up उठो ग�ना�387 bangle च�ड़े&388 bracelet क गना389 slack ढं=लू�390 segment खे डु391 adjacent � लूग्ना392 doodle धा#खे� दे�ना�393 interior आ तारिरक394 exterior ब�हर&395 justification औसिचत्य396 Investigate जा� च करना�397 strip पट्टा=398 vertex सिशखेर399 distort रूप तिबग�ड़ेना�400 rigid कठो#र401 trace तिनाश�ना402 proposed circle प्रेस्ता�तिवाता चक्रां403 loop ग� ठो404 taut ताना� हुआ405 Crease सि�क� ड़ेना406 distinct अलूग407 dilapidated408 stumble ठो#कर खे�ना�

जा&ण� - श&ण�

409 mound स्ता�प410 citadel दुग�411 beads मा#ता&412 tar र�लू413 altar वा�दे=414 sacrifice बसिलूदे�ना करना�415 elaborate तिवास्ता�र �� करना�416 storey मा जि�लू417 inspection तिनार&क्षीण418 scribe सिलूखेना�419 seals मा�हर420 terracotta माbण्मा�तिता421 shell �&प422 conch श खे423 Embroidered cloth कश&दे�क�र& कपड़े�424 garment वास्र425 carve खे#देना�426 spindle धा�र&427 whorl चक्कर428 glaze श&श� क� आवारण429 sesame तितालू430 linseed अलू�&431 plough हलू चलू�ना�432 pasture चर�ग�ह433 fertile soil उपजा�ऊ धिमाट्टा=434 inlaid जाड़े� हुआ435 Gulf खे�ड़े&436 intact अक्षी�ण्ण437 mystery रहस्य438 pile up ढं�र लूग�ना�439 deforestation तिनावा�ना&करण440 abandon छ#ड़े दे�ना�441 ivory ह�थ&दे� ता442 timber लूकड़े&443 tomb �मा�धिधा444 burial �मा�धिधा445 settlement �माझुUता�446 flatten �मातालू करना�447 plateaus448 PHYSICAL449 relief र�हता450 political र�जाना&तिताक451 thematic452 accurate �ह&453 shade छ�य�454 aeronautical वाqमा�तिनाक

पह�ड़े& माqदे�ना प्रे�कb तिताक

तिवार्षाय - क्षी�त्रा - � ब धा&

455 astronaut अ तारिरक्षीच�र&456 pollinate ��चना करना�457 perform अभिभनाय करना�458 tag अ तिकताक459 enormous तिवाश�लू460 encyclopaedic तिवाश्वाक#श&य461 awe भय462 offence अपर�धा463 stanzas पदे464 bandage पट्टा=465 crutch बq��खे&466 cripple अप ग467 misfortune दुभ��ग्य468 plump मा#ट�469 appreciate �र�हना�470 peep झुलूक471 misery कष्ट472 exclaim सिचल्लू�ना�473 awful भय कर474 ghastly भय कर रूप ��475 hop क� देना�476 skirt घ�घर�477 tying ब� धाना�478 curly घ� घर�लू�479 chambered कक्षी480 Grope टट#लूना�481 hooded हुडु482 Twirl घ�मा�वा483 Barn खेसिलूह�ना484 blunder बड़े& भ�लू करना�485 thread ��ई मा6 ता�ग� डु�लूना�486 flake परता487 hymn स्ता#त्रा488 scribble घ�&टना�489 elect च�ना�वा करना�490 participate भ�ग लू�ना�491 seek मा� गना�492 representative प्रेतितातिनाधिधा493 rush ता�जा& �� लू� जा�ना�494 keen इच्छु� क495 acute ता&व्र496 drill छ�दे करना�497 seep रिर�ना�498 agenda क�य���च&499 finalisation अ तितामा रूप दे�ना�500 poverty देरिरद्रोता�

501 whisper क�ना�फु� �&502 barely मा�श्कि�कलू ��503 counter क� मा�क�बलू�504 provoke भड़ेक�ना�505 implement क# लू�ग� करना�506 construction तिनामा��ण507 Levy कर लूग�ना�508 Execute तिनाष्प�दिदेता करना�509 substantial पय��प्ता510 approach �मा&प आना�511 Watershed जालूतिवाभ�जाना512 barren ब जार513 slope ढं�लू� बना�ना�514 meadow घ�� क� माqदे�ना515 tier स्तार516 insist �#र दे�ना�517 strainer छलूना&518 stalk डु ठोलू519 churn माथना�520 gin चरखे&521 guava अमारूदे522 jumbled up गड़ेबड़े523 husk भ��&524 convenient उपय�9525 Thresh ता�ड़ेना�526 pluck ता#ड़ेना�527 Tilt झु�कना�528 blow उड़े�ना�529 heap ढं�र530 fodder च�र�531 bran च#कर532 sieve चलूना&533 flour आट�534 bagful ब#र� भर�535 slant तितारछ� करना�536 Sedimentation अवा��देना537 Decantation तिनास्ता�रण538 Filtration छना�ई539 pore छ�दे540 evaporation वा�ष्प&करण541 shallow �ताह&542 pit गढ़�543 purification श�जिद्ध544 lid ढंक्कना545 spout ट;ट=546 pan कड़े�ह&

547 judgment तिनाण�य548 accuracy श�द्धता�549 Moreover और भ&550 instrument box551 error त्रा�दिट552 precise यथ�थ�553 coincide मा�लू खे�ना�554 estimate आकलूना555 bisect दे#ट�क करना�556 sturdy तागड़े�557 warrior य#द्ध�558 recite ��ना�ना�559 memorise य�दे करना�560 syllable शब्दे� श561 bit by bit ठो#ड़े� ठो#ड़े�562 manuscript प�ण्डु�सिलूतिप563 birch �न्ट=564 swift ता&व्र565 lick च�टना�566 chariot रथ567 axle धा�र�568 yoke य#क569 hardy ��ह�&570 sentinel प्रेहर&571 megalith बड़े� पत्थर572 boulder ब#ल्डर573 erect खेड़े� करना�574 prevalent प्रेचसिलूता575 distinctive तिवासिशष्ट576 grave कब्र577 signpost पता�क� क� स्ता भ578 granary अन्न भ डु�र579 blackbuck कb ष्णमाbग580 Elsewhere अन्यत्रा581 amass एकत्रा करना�582 elaborately तिवास्ता�र ��583 funeral अ तितामा � स्क�र584 DOMAIN डु#मा�ना585 interact ब�ताच&ता586 earth’s crust पbथ्वा& क2 पपड़े&587 Elevation ऊ च�ई588 glacier तिहमानादे589 flank प�श्वा�590 indented दे� ता�दे�र बना� हुआ591 harbours ब देरग�ह592 strait जालू� य#ग&

��धाना - प�ट=

593 integral अभिभन्न594 breathe ��K� लू�ना�595 breath �� �596 altitude ऊ च�ई597 exert खेYचना�598 mammal स्तानाप�य&599 submergence जालूमाग्नाता�600 fork क� ट�601 sensible �माझुदे�र602 sow ब&जा ब#ना�603 raft ब�ड़े�604 coral मा� ग�605 intelligent ब�जिद्धमा�ना606 fixing स्थिXर करना�वा�लू�607 sculptor मा�र्तिताAक�र608 inventor आतिवाष्क�रक609 architect वा�स्ता�क�र610 Interior designer आ तारिरक �|�क�र611 humour ह�स्य612 curious उत्��क613 interpersonal प�रस्परिरक614 arguing बह�615 mime नाक़लू करना�616 Tinker क��र�617 Stoic उदे��&ना618 determined दृढ़619 patient620 unflappable स्थिXर621 Adventure ��ह�622 trekking ट्रैqकिंकAग623 camp पड़े�वा डु�लूना�624 duress देब�वा625 curator रक्षीक626 veterinary पश� सिचतिकत्��627 community �मा�दे�य628 imaginative कल्पना�श&लू629 romantic र#मा�ना&630 sensitive � वा�देनाश&लू631 liberal उदे�र632 cooperative �हक�र&633 cordial �Uह�दे�प�ण�634 perceptive माह��� करना�वा�लू�635 humorous तिवाना#देप�ण�636 intuitive �हजा ज्ञा�ना य�9637 illustrator स्पष्टकता��638 expert तिवाश�र्षाज्ञा

धाqय�वा�ना,र#ग&

639 profile रूपर�खे�640 Systematic यथ�क्रांमा641 inquisitive जिजाज्ञा���642 thorough जिजाज्ञा���643 rational तिवावा�कश&लू644 studious तिवाद्या�भ्य��&645 phenomena घटना�646 gadgets य त्रा647 plumbing प�इपलू�इना648 fantastic तिवालूक्षीण649 meteorologist माU�मा तिवाज्ञा�ना&650 climatologist651 toxicologist तिवार्षातिवाज्ञा�ना&652 gregarious य�थच�र&653 talkative बकवा�दे=654 opinionated स्वाच्छु दे655 purposeful उद्दी��यप�ण�656 forthright स्पष्टवा�दे=657 sociable �ब �� ब#लूना�वा�लू�658 eloquent ��वा9�659 intellectual बUजिद्धक660 pursuits व्यवा��य661 affairs मा�मालू�662 oratory वा9b त्वा663 injustice अन्य�य664 consultant �लू�हक�र665 radical उग्री666 frank तिनाष्कपट667 rebellious तिवाद्रो#ह&668 freethinking स्वाता त्रा �#च669 restive अश� ता670 passionate क�मा�क671 visionary ख़ोय�लू&672 psychology माना#तिवाज्ञा�ना673 frugally धिमाताव्यय&674 strategising रणना&तिता675 criticism आलू#चना�676 shrivel ��खेना�677 groomed दुल्ह�678 marvellous अद्भु�ता679 Rural ग्री�मा&ण680 Administration प्रेश��ना681 conflict टकर�वा682 machinery रचना�683 deal �Uदे�684 Quarrel झुगड़े�

जालूवा�य� - तिवाज्ञा�ना&

685 own खे�दे क�686 bund ब�Kधा687 frightened भयभ&ता688 commotion हलूचलू689 enquire प�छता�छ करना�690 investigate जा� च करना�691 complaint सिशक�यता692 dispute तिवावा�दे693 rudely अ�भ्य694 brush ब्रश करना�695 aside अलूग696 bothered पर�श�ना697 puzzle हqर�ना करना�698 rescue बच�ना�699 skit प्रेह�ना700 handle � भ�लूना�701 heatedly ग़ु_स्�� ��702 whether य�703 Grazing चर�ई704 supervise तिनार&क्षीण करना�705 ensure ��तिनाभि�ता करना�706 obtain प्रे�प्ता करना�707 inherited वा श�गता708 dowry देह�जा709 Succession उत्तेर�धिधाक�र710 assurance आश्वा��ना711 frame ढं� च� करना�712 crèche713 acquire प्रे�प्ता करना�714 prevent र#कना�715 bloom फु� लू क� खिखेलूना�716 wither मा�रझु�ना�717 REVERSED उलूट718 dough ��ना� हुआ गUलू� आट�719 conclude तिनाष्कर्षा� तिनाक�लूना�720 string रस्�&721 Prick डु क मा�रना�722 burst फुट723 potter क� म्ह�र724 Batter च#ट दे�ना�वा�लू�725 Cow dung ग#बर726 incense stick धा�प छड़े&727 saw च&रना�728 due दे�य729 terrace छता730 exploit क�रना�मा�

सिशश� - गbह

731 spectator देश�क732 gatherer � ग्री�हक733 cremation734 earthen pots धिमाट्टा= क� बता�ना735 fortified तिकलू�बन्दे736 Clayey soil माbण्माय धिमाट्टा=737 transplant र#पना�738 scatter सिछतार�ना�739 sapling छ#ट� पUधा�740 conquer जा&ताना�741 conqueror तिवाजा�ता�742 threat ख़ोतार�743 vivid ज्वालू ता744 prosper � पभित्ते प्रे�प्ता करना�745 establish X�पना� करना�746 shrine मा दिदेर747 invasion आक्रांमाण748 features तिवाश�र्षाता�एK749 rugged750 upliftment उत्थ�ना751 steep hill खेड़े& पह�ड़े&752 harsh climate कठो#र जालूवा�य�753 harness उपय#ग करना�754 flora प�ड़े पUधा�755 fauna जा&वाजा ता�756 idyllic ��खेदे जा&वाना757 skiing स्क2इ ग758 undulating लूहर�ता� हुआ759 erode खे� जा�ना�760 volcanic ज्वा�लू�मा�खे&761 silt ग�दे762 eruption तिवास्फो#ट763 enmity शत्रा�ता�764 grudge अतिनाच्छु� प्रेकट करना�765 swallow तिनागलूना�766 patience धाqय�767 allowance भत्ते�768 sympathised �ह�ना�भ�तिता769 conscience770 sake खे�तितार771 defence रक्षी�772 revenge प्रेतिताश#धा773 annoy झु� झु�लू� दे�ना�774 wretched तिनाकम्मा�775 ruin तिवाना�श776 refer जिजाक्रांर करना�

दे�ह - � स्क�र

ऊबड़े - खे�बड़े

प�ण्य - अप�ण्य - तिवावा�क

777 responsibility जिजाम्मा�दे�र&778 unfortunate खे�देजानाक779 blame दे#र्षा लूग�ना�780 embrace आचिंलूAगना781 deviate हटना�782 appeal अप&लू करना�783 welfare कल्य�ण784 Frustrated तिनार�श785 retired ��वा�तिनावाbत्ते786 lane गलू&787 dispensary और्षाधा�लूय788 complicated decisions जादिटलू तिनाण�य789 amenity ��तिवाधा�790 relive791 sanitation �फ़�ई792 petition य�सिचक�793 excuse बह�ना�794 quip ता�ना�795 immensely ब�हदे796 sense भ�वाना�797 plague प्लू�ग798 dump फु6 कना�799 isolated अलूग800 deserted परिरत्य9801 slums मासिलूना बश्किस्ताय;802 filthy ग दे�803 slum-dwellers बस्ता& मा6 रहना� वा�लू� लू#ग;804 patches पqच805 reddish लू�लू ��806 examine जा� च करना�807 tender प्रेस्ता�वा808 Shrub झु�ड़े&809 Hug आचिंलूAगना810 uproot जाड़े �� उखे�ड़ेना�811 Pour भरना�812 conduct आचरण813 split तिवाभ�जिजाता करना�814 impression सिचह्न815 polythene प�सिलूथ&ना816 spirit माद्या��र817 demonstrate प्रेदेश�ना करना�818 slice ट�कड़े� करना�819 sprinkle सिछड़ेकना�820 anchor �ह�र�821 venation वा�नाqशना822 brilliant मा�धा�वा&

जा&वाना - य�पना करना�

823 absorb �#खेना�824 turnip शलूजामा825 recognize पहच�नाना�826 chrysanthemum ग�लूदे�उदे=827 bud कलू&828 gulmohur ग�लूमा#हर829 prominent मा�ख्य830 swollen फु� लू� हुआ831 bear �हना�832 pomegranate अना�र833 fraction अ श834 recapitulate प�नार�वाbभित्ते करना�835 region क्षी�त्रा836 representing प्रेतितातिनाधिधात्वा837 shaded portion छ�य� तिकता भ�ग838 infer अना�मा�ना करना�839 operate क�मा करना�840 stall स्ट�लू841 consume उपभ#ग करना�842 pictorially �सिचत्रा रूप ��843 board �वा�र ह#ना�844 comfort आर�मा845 wander846 realisation अह���847 meditated ताप848 attain सि�द्ध कर लू�ना�849 enlightenment आलू#क850 thirst प्य��851 sorrowing खे�देजानाक852 preach धामा� क� उपदे�श दे�ना�853 worship प�जा� करना�854 spare बच�ना�855 nod सि�र तिहलू�ना�856 doctrine सि�द्ध� ता857 celibacy ब्रह्मचय�858 transmit � च�रिरता करना�859 debtor दे�नादे�र860 creditor लू�नादे�र861 settle ब�ना�862 Monk � न्य��&863 nuns नाना864 expanse तिवास्ता�र865 lofty ब�लू दे866 peninsula प्रे�यद्वे=प867 sentinels प्रेहर&868 vegetation

उधार - इधार घ�माना�

प�ड़े - पUधा�

869 sandy ब�लू� क� ��मा�ना870 uneven871 valley घ�ट=872 quake भ�क प873 barged घ���874 fury क्रां#धा875 buns बन्�876 seem लूगना�877 encourage प्रे#त्��तिहता करना�878 pat थपथप�ना�879 tempt लू�भ�ना�880 hawker फु� र&वा�लू�881 spade क� दे�लू882 explored पता� लूग�य�883 plantain क� लू�884 orchards फुलू#द्या�ना885 quarry खेदे�ना886 fetch लू�ना�887 Debt ऋण888 pests क2ट889 distress � कट890 commit करना�891 suicide आत्माहत्य�892 Animal husbandry पश� प�लूना893 dairy दुग्धाश�लू�894 catamarans कटमारqना895 auction ना&लू�मा896 equipment उपकरण897 untangle ��लूझु�ना�898 thrive क�माय�ब ह#ना�899 engage क�मा पर लूग�ना�900 access प्रेवा�श901 blink झुपक2902 Slither लू�ढ़कना�903 creep र6गना�904 crawl धिघ�टना�905 Straighten �&धा� करना�906 hinges दिटक�907 framework ढं� च�908 flexible लूच&लू�909 structure � रचना�910 ear lobe क�ना प�सिलू911 cartilage उप�स्थिX912 bulged उभ�ड़ेना�913 stiffer कठो#र914 gait

ऊबड़े - खे�बड़े

च�लू - ढं�लू

915 blot धाब्ब� लूग�ना�916 bristle ��अर क� ब�लू917 perch सिचतिडुय; क� बqठोना� क� अड्डा�918 bony हड्डा&दे�र919 jerk झुटक�920 fin प खे921 flipper माछलू& क� प खे922 sack थqलू�923 stationary स्थिXर924 clutch क़ब्�� करना�925 crisp क� रक� र�926 Dynasty र�जावा श927 spy ग�प्ताचर928 province प्रे� ता929 tribute श्रद्ध� जासिलू930 palanquin डु#लू&931 bloodshed र9प�ता932 sculpture मा�र्तिताAकलू�933 compassion मा�हरब�ना&934 chilly �दे�935 quencher प�य936 adequate पय��प्ता937 interference हस्ताक्षी�प938 dense घना�939 saline water खे�र� प�ना&940 flutter स्प देना941 extinct तिवालू�प्ता942 scorch जालू�कर र�खे कर दे�ना�943 burrow तिबलू944 dune दिटब्ब�945 pebbly क कड़े �� भर� हुआ946 lay अ डु� दे�ना�947 reputation ख्य�तिता948 intruder घ���ड़ेना�वा�लू�949 shout सिचल्लू�ना�950 venom तिवार्षा951 predator देरिंरAदे�952 amusing माना#र जाक953 forage भ#जाना क� सिलूय� घ�माना�954 suspicious � दिदेग्धा955 dodge चकमा� दे�ना�956 nuisance ब�धा�957 den ग�प्ता अड्डा�958 termite दे=माक959 mount पह�ड़े&960 shaggy असिशष्ट

961 gallon गqलूना962 hump क� बड़े�963 scarce दुलू�भ964 prance इतार�ना�965 divorce तालू�क966 swell ��जाना�967 wagon डुब्ब�968 passenger य�त्रा&969 stitch सि�लू�ई करना�970 Mensuration क्षी�त्राधिमातिता971 fence तालूवा�र �� लूड़ेना�972 pilgrim ता&थ�973 chief मा�खिखेय�974 expedition मा�तिहमा975 robber डु�क�976 quest खे#जा977 merchandise व्य�प�र978 steer मा�ग�देश�ना करना�979 deity दे�वाता�980 refuge शरण लू�ना�981 emphasise जा#र दे�ना�982 devotee भ9983 bliss आना दे984 leper क� ष्ठार#ग&985 scavenger �ड़ेक क� क� ड़े� हट�ना�वा�लू�986 immune प्रेतितारभिक्षीता987 tire थकना�988 resent ब�र� मा�नाना�989 privacy एक� ता990 catapult ग�लू�लू991 morsel ट�कड़े�992 delve993 fig994 flock झु� डु995 greedy लू�लूच&996 squabble झुगड़े�997 crude अश#धिधाता998 prop �ह�र�999 cushion तातिकय� लूग�ना�1000 drowsy ��स्ता1001 huge तिवाश�लू1002 clump प�ड़े; क� झु� ड़े1003 glide तिफु�लूना�1004 emerge उभरना�1005 fangs जाहर क� दे�Kता1006 superb श�नादे�र

उलूट - प�लूटकर ढं� ढ़ना� ��� - चिं�Aग�र

1007 aggressive आक्रां�माक1008 strike हड़ेता�लू1009 champion चpतिपयना1010 defiance अवाज्ञा�1011 rebellion तिवाद्रो#ह1012 resistance प्रेतितार#धा1013 dart झुपटना�1014 spectacled चमात्क�र1015 spine र&ढ़ क2 हड्डा&1016 combatant लूड़ेना�वा�लू�1017 content ��माग्री&1018 defensive बच�वा1019 sway ब#लूब�लू�1020 mesmerise �म्मा#हना �� अच�ताना करना�1021 opponent प्रेतिताद्वे द्वे=1022 glassy ब�जा�ना1023 unwinking चUकन्न�1024 refuse माना� करना�1025 pretend ढं;ग करना�1026 hurl उछ�लूना�1027 insult अपमा�ना1028 glisten चमाकना�1029 bump टक्कर1030 dramatic ना�टक2य1031 competition प्रेतिताय#तिगता�1032 proceeding क�य�वा�ह&1033 whip �च�ताक1034 snout थ�थना1035 thud तिगरना�1036 interfere हस्ताक्षी�प करना�1037 snap क�ट1038 writh उमा�ठोना�1039 lash क#ड़े� �� मा�रना�1040 grimly तिनादे�य1041 ceased �मा�प्ता1042 struggle � घर्षा�1043 quiver ता�ण&र1044 grip पकड़े1045 cautiously ��वाधा�ना& ��1046 peer �हकमाj1047 shrill थक�ना�वा�लू�1048 congratulation बधा�ई1049 readiness तात्परता�1050 description तिवावारण1051 really वा�स्तावा मा61052 Livelihoods आजा&तिवाक�

1053 illustration उदे�हरण1054 organise � य#जिजाता करना�1055 opportunity अवा�र1056 vendor तिवाक्रां� ता�1057 whiz �ना�ना�हट1058 cobbler चमा�र1059 customer ग्री�हक1060 masonry पक्क2 इमा�रता1061 sufficient यथ�ष्ट1062 instalment तिकस्ता1063 trip य�त्रा�1064 rent तिकर�य�1065 dismantle तिगर�ना�1066 vend ब�चता� हq1067 obstruction ब�धा�1068 traffic य�ता�य�ता1069 effort च�ष्ट�1070 utensil बता�ना1071 appointment तिनाय�सि91072 turn मा#ड़े1073 cavity ग�ह�1074 readymade र�डु&मा�डु1075 designer तिडु��इनार1076 prefer प� दे करता� हp1077 advertise तिवाज्ञा�पना करना�1078 showroom श#रूमा1079 manage � च�लूना करना�1080 employ र#जाग�र1081 permanent X�य&1082 embroidery कढ़�ई1083 squash स्क्वा�श1084 compensate क्षीतिताप�र्तिताA करना�1085 thrive क�माय�ब ह#ना�1086 evidence �ब�ता1087 ploughshare फु�लू1088 transplantation प्रेतितार#पण1089 irrigation चिं�Aच�ई1090 caption श&र्षा�क1091 certain क� छ1092 revenue र�जास्वा1093 hereditary वा श�ना�गता1094 literature ��तिहत्य1095 compose सिलूखेना�1096 compiled � कलूना करना�1097 archaeology प�र�तात्त्वा1098 litter क� ड़े� कक� ट �� ग दे� करना�

1099 mess गड़ेबड़े1100 scrap रद्दी= मा�लू1101 depict वाण�ना करना�1102 massive तिवाश�लू1103 fortification दुग�1104 ceramic च&ना& धिमाट्टा= क�1105 thatch छप्पर1106 navigate चलूना�1107 topaz प�खेर�जा1108 agate ��लू�मा�ना& पत्थर1109 punch मा�क्क� मा�रना�1110 exchange तिवातिनामाय1111 garland मा�लू�1112 sheen चमाक1113 procure उप�जा�ना करना�1114 abled तिवाकलू� ग;1115 hemp ग� जा�1116 flax पट�आ1117 superintendent अधा&क्षीक1118 amphitheatre अखे�ड़े�1119 aqueduct नाहर1120 excrete उगलूना�1121 swamp देलूदेलू मा6 फुK ��ना�1122 germinate अ क� रिरता ह#ना�1123 intense प्रेच डु1124 prevail प्रेचसिलूता ह#ना�1125 submerged जालूमाग्ना1126 herbarium वानास्पतिता � ग्रीह�लूय1127 sigh आह भरना�1128 insects क2ड़े�1129 distinguish अ तार करना�1130 characteristic तिवाश�र्षाता�1131 hatch अ डु� �� बच्चे� तिनाक�लूना�1132 inhale ��K� लू�ना�1133 breathe out ��K� छ#ड़ेना�1134 flash चमाक1135 opting च�नाना� क�1136 Interpretation व्य�ख्य�1137 absentee अना�पस्थिXता ह#ना�वा�लू�1138 survey �वाdक्षीण1139 pictograph सिचत्रालू�खे1140 tally मा�लू खे�ना�1141 assumptions कल्पना�1142 EMPIRE ��म्र�ज्य1143 splendid श�नादे�र1144 robes कपड़े� पहना�ना�

1145 moustaches मा� छ1146 wield तिहलू�ना�1147 gusto उत्��ह1148 scars तिनाश�ना1149 spike क2लू1150 spear भ�लू�1151 barbed darts क� ट�दे�र डु�ट���1152 surrender आत्मा�माप�ण1153 outlying दूरX1154 descendants वा श1155 ancestor प�वा�जा1156 mention उल्लू�खे1157 Genealogies1158 expedition अभिभय�ना1159 Ultimately अ ता मा61160 administer श��ना करना�1161 adopt अपना�ना�1162 administrative प्रेश��तिनाक1163 succeeded �फुलू1164 cavalry घ�ड़े�वा�र फ़Uजा1165 troops ��ना�1166 warfare य�द्ध1167 glimpse झुलूक1168 mighty पर�क्रांमा&1169 accompany ��थ दे�ना�1170 trumpet ता�रह&1171 hospitality आतिताथ्य1172 trampled पqर; तालू� क� चलूना�1173 tumult ग�Kठो1174 pastoral दे�ह�ता&1175 devout भ91176 humble नाम्र1177 chastity श�द्धता�1178 propel ढंक� लूना�1179 ramp जाबरदेस्ता& �� प्रे�प्ता करना� क2 क#सिशश करना�1180 unforgettable अतिवास्मारण&य1181 experience अना�भवा1182 remarkable उल्लू�खेना&य1183 apparent स्पष्ट1184 survive जा&तिवाता रहना�1185 treasury ख़ो��ना�1186 epics माह�क�व्य1187 grief श#क1188 console �� त्वाना� दे�ना�1189 twilight �� झु1190 wreath मा�लू�

वा श - क्रांमा

1191 despair तिनार�श�1192 breeze मा दे पवाना1193 fragrance ��गन्ध1194 exile तिनावा���ना1195 exquisite उत्तेमा1196 revive तिफुर �� जा&तिवाता करना�1197 circumference परिरधिधा1200 associativity �हच�रिरता�1201 Symmetry �मारूपता�1202 Reflection प्रेतिताकिंबAब1203 Perpendicular �&धा�1204 arc1205 intersect एक दू�र� क# क�टना�1206 Slide तिफु�लूना1207 edge धा�र1208 firmly दृढ़ता� ��1209 aligned गठोब धाना1210 transparent प�रदेशj1211 caution ��वाधा�ना&1212 swing घ�मा�ना�1213 setting पतितास्थिXतिता1214 elegant सिशष्ट1215 Shadows छ�य�1216 luminous प्रेक�शय�91217 stuff ��माग्री&

NCERT CLASS VII WORDS SL. NO ENGLISH WORD HINDI TRANSLATION

1218 council �धिमातिता1219 urgent अत्य�वा�यक1220 councillor �भ��दे1221 hermit � न्य��&1222 stretch तानाना�1223 seize �ब्ता करना�1224 escape बचना�1225 faithful वाफु�दे�र1226 property � पभित्ते1227 feelers1228 barracks �qतिनाक; क� सिलूए बना� घर1229 beetle झुYग�र1230 cartographer मा�नासिचत्राक�र1231 dominions उपतिनावा�श1232 investigation जा� च1233 continuity तिनार तारता�

वाbत्ते - च�प

दे�खे - भ�लू करना�वा�लू� सि�प�ह&

1234 rely भर#�� करना�1235 chronicles इतितावाbत्ते1236 Archive � ग्रीह1237 cursive घ�&ट1238 substantially क�फु21239 rarely श�यदे ह& कभ&1240 challenge च�नाUता&1241 beverages प�य1242 mobility गतिताश&लूता�1243 chieftain मा�खिखेय�1244 chivalric सिशष्ट1245 valour वा&रता�1246 attribute तिवाश�र्षाता�1247 bard कतिवा1248 extension तिवास्ता�र1249 migrate दे�श� तार गमाना करना�1250 till हलू चलूना�1251 influenced प्रेभ�तिवाता1252 possess धा�रण� करना�1253 lean दुबलू�1254 habitat वा��1255 regulation अधिधातिनायमा1256 conduct आचरण1257 encompass प्रेदेभिक्षीण� करना�1258 conquest तिवाजाय1259 contrast इ�क� तिवापर&ता1260 dimension मा�प1261 emergence ब�हर तिनाकलूना�1262 imperial श�ह&1263 alter बदेलूना�1264 legacies तिवार��ता1265 realms क्षी�त्रा1266 governance श��ना1267 elite �मा�जा क� उत्कb ष्ट भ�ग1268 isolation अलूग करना�1269 impact प्रेभ�वा1270 integration एक2करण1271 distinctiveness स्पष्टता�1272 tradition पर पर�1273 supernatural अलूUतिकक1274 agency श�खे�1275 dominant प्रेभ�वा&1276 knowledge ज्ञा�ना1277 consolidated � घदिटता करना�1278 patron � रक्षीक1279 sovereignty � प्रेभ�ता�1280 mercy देय�

1281 theologians धामा�श�स्त्रिस्त्राय;1282 jurist क�ना�नातिवादे1283 legitimate वाqधा1284 authority अधिधाक�र1285 mystic रहस्यवा�दे=1286 persistence हठो1287 transformation परिरवाता�ना1288 belief तिवाश्वा��1289 prosperity �माbजिद्ध1290 Biotic जाqतिवाक1291 Abiotic अजाqवा1292 comprise �मा�वा�श करना�1293 foggy घना�1294 lush र�&लू�1295 roast भ�नाना�1296 harmony ��मा जास्य1297 Democracy लू#कता त्रा1298 critical � कटप�ण�1299 guarantee ग�र ट=1300 reiterate दे#हर�ना�1301 provision प्रे�वाधा�ना1302 Constitution � तिवाधा�ना1303 reality वा�स्तातिवाकता�1304 dynamic गतिताश&लू1305 static स्थिXर1306 underlying आधा�रभ�ता1307 relevant प्रे�� तिगक1308 appropriate उपय�91309 empathy हमादेदे 1310 commitment प्रेतिताबद्धता�1311 matrimonial वाqवा�तिहक1312 physique श�र&रिरक गठोना1313 confront ��माना� करना�1314 reluctant अतिनाच्छु� क1315 violated उल्लू घना1316 treat उपच�र1317 lease पट्टा� पर प�ना�1318 suggestion ��झु�वा1319 deserve लू�यक1320 untouchability अस्पb�यता�1321 interrupt ब�धा�1322 concentrate ध्य�ना दे�ना�1323 enrolment ना�मा� कना1324 attitude माना#भ�वा1325 disability तिवाकलू� गता�1326 contribute य#गदे�ना करना�

1327 disgraceful शमा�ना�क1328 vital माहत्वाप�ण�1329 cipher नागण्य व्यसि91330 derive उत्पन्न ह#ना�1331 recognition मा�न्यता�1332 devoid तिवाह&ना1333 despite क� ब�वाजा�दे1334 Prior प�वा�1335 refusal इनाक�र1336 agitation आ दे#लूना1337 prohibited तिनातिर्षाद्ध1338 afford कर �कना�1339 defiant उप�क्षी�प�ण�1340 Excerpt अ श1341 liability दे�यधाना1342 restriction प्रेतिताब धा1343 resort �ह�र�1344 uphold �माथ�ना करना�1345 Nutrition प#र्षाण1346 essential आवा�यक1347 surrounding आ�प��1348 Scraping खे�रचना�1349 chewing चब�ना�1350 brewing शर�ब बना�ना�1351 capturing पर कब्जा� करना�1352 swallowing तिनागलूना�1353 sucking च��ना�1354 scrawny1355 drag घ�&टना�1356 torn ना#च� हुआ1357 mew म्य�ऊ1358 secret रहस्य1359 scent खे�शब�1360 impress प्रेभ�तिवाता करना�1361 mane क� �र1362 emblem प्रेता&क1363 expectantly आश� करता� हुए1364 giggle मा�खे� क2 तारह ह �ना�1365 mysteriously रहस्यप�ण� ढं ग ��1366 ancient प्रे�च&ना1367 stowaway ब�दिटकट य�त्रा&1368 scurry जाल्दे= जाल्दे= देUड़ेना�1369 howl च&ख़ोना�1370 grunt घ�रघ�र�ना�1371 tuft ग�च्छु�1372 gleam जागमाग�ना�1373 scrawny

दुबलू� - पतालू�

दुबलू� - पतालू�

1374 stumble ठो#कर खे�ना�1375 halt डु�र� डु�लूना�1376 alms भ&खे1377 sternly कड़े�ई ��1378 snooze दिदेना मा6 झुपक2 लू�ना�1379 generosity उदे�रता�1380 feeble कमाजा#र1381 rumble गड़ेगड़े�ना�1382 wither मा�रझु�ना�1383 stain माqलू� करना�1384 wearily थक�ता� हुए1385 blister छ�लू�1386 Blubber र#ना�1387 glance झुलूक1388 appreciative ग�णग्री�ह&1389 harass पर�श�ना करना�1390 lurk बटकना�1391 shiver सि�हरना�1392 incarnate अवाता�र लू�ना�1393 clatter खेडुखेडु�हट1394 ebony आबना��1395 squeal सिचल्लू�हट1396 luscious ��स्वा�दे1397 hatchet क� ल्ह�ड़े&1398 mutilated अप�हजा बना�ना�1399 drift बह�वा1400 ponderous कष्टक�रक1401 assert द्दीढ़ता�प�वा�क करना�1402 compelled तिवावाश करना�1403 acquisition अजा�ना1404 recruit तिनाय�9 करना�1405 plunder डु�क� डु�लूना�1406 demarcate �&मा� स्थिXर करना�1407 imposed लूग�ना�1408 embankment ताटब धा1409 prosperous �माbद्ध1410 dispense तिवातारिरता करना�1411 entrust ज़िं�Aमा करना�1412 eligible य#ग्य1413 contest प्रेतिताय#तिगता�1414 hamlet प�रवा�1415 menial ��वाक1416 bureaucracy नाUकरश�ह&1417 concrete ठो#�1418 visualise कल्पना� करना�1419 accountability जावा�बदे�ह&1420 executive क�य�क�र&

1421 apparatus उपकरण1422 boredom उदे��&1423 cynicism उदे��& माता1424 didactic उपदे�शप�ण�1425 interactive परस्पर � वा�दे�त्माक1426 cramped ता ग1427 prone उन्मा�खे1428 dull ��स्ता1429 strain ताना�वा1430 tuberculosis यक्ष्मा�1431 diagnose र#ग क� तिनाण�य करना�1432 posh आलू&श�ना1433 shiny चमाकदे�र1434 suffice प�र� करना�1435 anxiety व्यग्रीता�1436 undernourished अल्पप#तिर्षाता1437 prompt प्रे�रिरता करना�1438 concentric ग�ढ़�1439 Scour स्वाच्छु करना�1440 Sericulture र�शमा उत्प�देना1441 Reeling झुटक�1442 comical ह�स्यक�रक1443 courtier र�जादेरब�र&1444 shed गqर�जा1445 rusty � ग खे�य� हुआ1446 creak चरमार�ना�1447 peek सिछपकर ता�कना�1448 ashamed शर्मिंमाAदे�1449 Stag क� वा�र�1450 ugly क� रूप1451 moisture नामा&1452 adapt मा�लू तिबठो�ना�1453 absorb �#खेना�1454 variations तिवातिवाधाता�ओं1455 humid नामा1456 responsible जिजाम्मा�दे�र1457 Legislative तिवाधा�य&1458 express व्य9 करना�1459 view दे�खेना�1460 constituency1461 majority बहुमाता1462 impressive प्रेभ�वाश�लू&1463 opinion र�य1464 assure आश्वास्ता करना�1465 spread तिवास्ता�र1466 epidemic माह�मा�र&1467 authorise अधिधाकb ता करना�

तिनावा��चना - क्षी�त्रा

1468 argument ताक�1469 respond प्रेतितातिक्रांय�1470 conference �भ�1471 compensation मा�आवाजा�1472 campaign अभिभय�ना1473 observation तिनागर�ना&1474 mint प�दे=ना�1475 Privilege तिवाश�र्षा�धिधाक�र1476 preserve रक्षी� करना�1477 garrison दुग�रक्षीक1478 fragile ना�जा�क1479 pastoralists दे�ह�ता&1480 expel तिनाष्क�सि�ता करना�1481 fortresses तिकलू�1482 reign श��नाक�लू1483 rival प्रेतिताद्वे द्वे=1484 territory क्षी�त्रा1485 minaret मा&ना�र1486 congregational �भ� य� परिरर्षादे क�1487 chronicle1488 prostrate पर�जिजाता1489 reverence श्रद्ध�1490 sermon धामा¤पदे�श1491 Sanctuary अभय�रण्य1492 reinforce क# ��दृढ़1493 mosque मास्थिस्जादे1494 culminate �मा�पना हुआ1495 Consolidation �मा�कना1496 reliable तिवाश्वा�ना&य1497 heir वा�रिर�1498 accession परिरग्रीहण1499 patronage � रक्षीण1500 assignment �mप� गय� क�मा1501 rigorously कड़े�ई ��1502 annex हड़ेप कर लू�ना�1503 penetrate घ��ना�1504 rampart दुग� प्रे�च&र1505 subdue वाश मा6 करना�1506 onslaught हमालू�1507 disband लू�ड़े प्य�र �� तिबग�ड़ेना�1508 complication जादिटलूता�1509 resent1510 famine अक�लू1511 conceived ध्य�ना मा6 लू�ना�1512 offensive आक्रां�माक1513 patronised � रक्षीण करना�1514 propagate वा श बढ़�ना�

तितासिथ - ग्री थ

ब�र� मा�नाना�

1515 pellet दिटतिकय�1516 predict भतिवाष्यवा�ण& करना�1517 agitate उत्ते�जिजाता करना�1518 bulldoze ब�लूडु#�र �� खे#देना�1519 sour खेट्टा�1520 bitter कड़ेवा�1521 corrosive � क्षी�रक1522 irritating सिचड़ेसिचड़े�1523 relieve क# र�हता दे�ना�1524 troublesome कष्टप्रेदे1525 solace �� त्वाना�1526 crape एक प्रेक�र क� क�लू� र��मा& कपड़े�1527 snug आर�मादे�यक1528 hoe क� दे�लू1529 sod ताbणभ�धिमा1530 whine कर�हना�1531 on purpose1532 smother गलू� घ;टना�1533 wicked दुष्ट 1534 scold ग�लू& दे�ना�1535 coax माना�ना�1536 dainties धिमाठो�इय� 1537 covetous लू#भ&1538 crone ब�ढ़=य�1539 fling सिछतार�ना�1540 carcass शवा1541 mourning श#क1542 sauce चटना&1543 pounding घ�रना�1544 envious ईर्षा��प�ण�1545 hag डु�यना1546 foul अपमा�तिनाता करना�1547 miserable अभ�ग�1548 contempt अवामा�नाना�1549 turned up their noses1550 procession जा�लू��1551 impertinence धा�ष्टता�1552 prostrate पर�जिजाता1553 competent �क्षीमा1554 blossom खिखेलूना�1555 castle तिकलू�1556 gleefully प्रे�न्नता�प�वा�क1557 sneeze छ¥क1558 choke गलू� घ;टना�1559 pomp धा�माधा�मा1560 collar गलू�1561 tumble तिगरना�

जा�ना - ब�झुकर

1562 cop सिलू�1563 Gender चिंलूAग1564 eventually अ ता मा61565 stereotype स्थिXर नामा�ना�1566 pedagogic1567 sibling भ�ई1568 errand � दे�श1569 teenager तिकश#र1570 seclusion तानाह�ई1571 excursion भ्रामाण1572 hurricane प्रेच डु वा�य�1573 humiliated ना&च� दिदेखेलू�य�1574 strenuous �#रदे�र1575 predecessor प�वा�जा1576 hitherto अब ताक1577 outlast जा&तिवाता रहना�1578 legacy वा�&यता1579 lineages वा श1580 genealogy1581 inheritance उत्तेर�धिधाक�र1582 regent1583 suppress देमाना करना�1584 distract तिवाचसिलूता करना�1585 marginalise ह�सिशए पर1586 sued मा�क़देमा� चलू�ना�1587 intervention हस्ताक्षी�प1588 primogeniture ज्य�ष्ठा�धिधाक�र1589 estate रिरय��ता1590 coparcenary �हभ�ग&1591 voluntarily स्वा�च्छु�प�वा�क1592 consequence परिरण�मा1593 prestigious गUरवाप�ण�1594 tremendously भय#त्प�देक1595 exploitation श#र्षाण1596 Sublime उत्कb ष्ट1597 tolerance �हनाश&लूता�1598 creeds माता1599 appalled चतिकता1600 opulence अधिधाकता�1601 glaring स्पष्ट1602 contemporaries �माक�लू&ना1603 fleet जाह��; क� ब�ड़े�1604 originate पqदे� करना�1605 devastated1606 surge उमाड़ेना�1607 intruded घ��पqठो1608 depression उदे��&

सिशक्षी� - तिवाज्ञा�ना - � ब धा&

वा श - क्रांमा

र�जा - प्रेतितातिनाधिधा

ताह� - नाह�

1609 salinisation1610 infertile अना�वा�र1611 tract प्रेण�लू&1612 precipitation ता��&1613 condense ग�ढ़� करना�1614 scarcity अभ�वा1615 tropical उष्णकदिटब धा&य1616 devote �मार्तिपAता करना�1617 Quality ग�णवात्ते�1618 extreme चरमा1619 redness लू�लू&1620 essence ��र� श1621 guttural कण्ठोX1622 harsh कठो#र1623 grating कक� श1624 apron एप्रेना1625 sleeves आवारण1626 awaken जाग�ना�1627 murmur ब�देब�दे�ना�1628 circumstance परिरस्थिXतिता1629 genuine वा�स्तातिवाक1630 starvation अनाशना1631 abridged � भिक्षीप्ता1632 look after ख्य�लू रखेना�1633 look down on1634 look in (on someone)1635 look into पता� लूग�ना�1636 look out ��वाधा�ना ह#ना�1637 look up ��धा�रना�1638 look up to प्रेश �� करना�1639 scoop इकट्ठी� करना�1640 precision श�द्धता�1641 sophisticated skills परिरष्कb ता कUशलू1642 corbelled खे�Kट=दे�र1643 trabeate style शqलू& कतिड़ेय# क21644 noticeable ध्य�ना दे�ना� य#ग्य1645 incarnation अवाता�र1646 Moses1647 Solomon ज्ञा�ना&1648 pious ��धा�1649 avenged क� बदेलू� सिलूय�1650 harmonious ��मा जास्यप�ण�1651 synthesis � श्ले�र्षाण1652 resemble �दृश ह#ना�1653 ferocious क्रां� र1654 accomplishment उपलूश्कि§1655 evident स्पष्ट1656 passion जा#श

क़�ना�ना - तिनामा��ण करना�वा�लू�

1657 vibrant जा&वा ता1658 awareness जा�गरूकता�1659 Solidarity एकजा�टता�1660 sleet ओलू� क� ��थ वार्षा��1661 seismic activity भ�क प&य गतितातिवाधिधा1662 ravaged ताब�ह1663 recede दूर जा�ना�1664 Tide ज्वा�र1665 wave लूहर1666 TEEMING भर� हुआ1667 Percolation टपकना1668 Loamy सिचकना& बलू�ई धिमाट्टा= क�1669 retention प्रेतिताधा�रण1670 pollen पर�ग1671 polite तिवानाम्र1672 Detective जा����&1673 monster र�क्षी�1674 crook धा�ता�1675 stash लू�क�ना�1676 rubbish बकवा��1677 bet शता�1678 clinic स्थिक्लूतिनाक1679 gaunt कb श1680 appearance उपस्थिXतिता1681 spectacles च�मा�1682 sort out ��लूझु�ना�1683 smarty �माझुदे�र1684 retort मा� हता#ड़े जावा�ब1685 thunder गड़ेगड़े�हट1686 by appointment to करना� क� सिलूए तिनाय�सि9 क� द्वे�र�1687 trap फु दे�1688 Probably श�यदे1689 accomplice �हक�र&1690 generous उदे�र1691 bribe रिरश्वाता दे�ना�1692 glare चमाक1693 cooperate �हय#ग1694 stubbornly कडु�ई ��1695 merely क� वालू1696 screech फुट� आवा��1697 twitter चहचह�ना�1698 uncanny अलूUतिकक1699 depart रवा�ना�1700 linger दे=घ� क�लू ताक रहना�1701 musty ब��&1702 fussy ब�ता क� बता गड़े बना�ना� वा�लू�1703 magnify बढ़�ना�

1704 genial धिमालूना��र1705 remedy उप�य1706 ornate अलू कb ता1707 gilded �#ना� क� प�ना& चढ़� हुआ1708 pervaded व्य�प्ता1709 sly श�तितार1710 scamper भगदेड़े1711 frantic उन्मात्ते1712 flick झुटक�1713 briskly ता�जा1714 emphatically बलूप��वाक1715 smirk नाखेर� क2 मा�स्कर�हट1716 wintry श&ता ऋता� क�1717 monotonous ना&र�1718 materialised अमालू मा6 लू�ना�1719 instinctively

1720 clasp आचिंलूAगना1721 shuttling glance ना�र चक्कर1722 snap कड़ेक कर ब#लूना�1723 totter लूडुखेड़े�ना�1724 mopped झु�ड़ू1725 vaguely अतिना�च्ता रूप ��1726 pucker

1727 perplexity तिवाकलूता�1728 convey दे�ना�1729 crucial माहत्वाप�ण�1730 tend करता� हp1731 identity पहच�ना1732 strategy रणना&तिता1733 promote बढ़�वा� दे�ना�1734 concept � कल्पना�1735 precautionary ��वाधा�नाता�प�ण�1736 aspire आक� क्षी� करना�1737 commercial वा�भिणस्थिज्यक1738 coarse मा#ट�1739 endow प्रेदे�ना करना�1740 cater प�र� करना� क�1741 negotiated ब�ताच&ता क21742 guild �मा�जा1743 wedge क2लू1744 thronged भ&ड़े लूगना�1745 cosmopolitan �वा�दे�श&य1746 spurt उछ�लू1747 exploration अन्वा�र्षाण1748 throb धाड़ेकना1749 dispersed

स्वाभ�वाता:

उधा�ड़े - ब�ना

तितातार - तिबतार

1750 cling सिचपटना�1751 pervasive व्य�पक1752 perception अना�भ�तिता1753 brand ब्र� डु1754 explicit स्पष्ट1755 implicit अ तार्तिनाAतिहता1756 showered क2 बUछ�र1757 appetite भ�खे1758 anguish प&ड़े�1759 obstinate हठोz1760 envelop ढं क लू�ना�1761 treacherous ब�वाफ़�1762 devour धा�ना क� ��थ पढ़ना�1763 declaim रचना���चना�1764 recipe ना�स्खे�1765 track ट्रैqक1766 wobbly अस्थिXर1767 scoffed माजा�क उड़े�य�1768 terrain भ�भ�ग1769 Deliberation तिवावा�चना�1770 trader व्य�प�र&1771 wholesale थ#क1772 consumer उपभ#9�1773 quantity मा�त्रा�1774 faraway ��दूर1775 retailer खे�देर�1776 neighbourhood पड़े#�1777 fertiliser उवा�रक1778 purchase क्रांय1779 sell ब�चना�1780 owner मा�सिलूक1781 able �माथ�1782 spend तिबता�ना�1783 cheap �स्ता�1784 athlete खिखेलू�ड़े&1785 indicate � क� ता धिमालूता� हq1786 Foe दु�माना1787 smouldering ��लूगना�वा�लू�1788 generate उत्पन्न करना�1789 smothered देमा घ;ट कर मा�र डु�लूना�1790 suffocated घ�टना1791 extinguish ब�झु�ना�1792 cope ��माना� करना�1793 amiable मानाभ�वाना�1794 kennel श्वा�ना�लूय1795 amicably धिमात्राभ�वा ��

1796 wistful उदे��1797 temptation प्रेलू#भना1798 clumsy अना�ड़े&1799 apt उपय�91800 solitary एक�न्ता1801 gust झु;क�1802 shuffle घ�&टना�1803 trot दुलूक2 च�लू1804 menace खेतार�1805 fascinated मा#तिहता1806 tolerant �तिहष्ण�1807 plumage पक्षीतिता1808 Slash स्लूqश1809 myth धिमाथक1810 legend किंकAवादे ता&1811 recommend क2 सि�फु�रिरश1812 grace अना�ग्रीह1813 ardent उत्��ह&1814 salvation मा#क्षी1815 vile ना&च1816 sooth हक़2क़ता1817 Philosophy देश�ना1818 influential प्रेभ�वाश�लू&1819 soul आत्मा�1820 renunciation त्य�ग1821 propound प्रेस्ता�तिवाता करना�1822 initiate आर भ1823 cupola ग� बजा1824 piety धा�र्मिमाAकता�1825 conventional परम्पर�गता1826 meditation ध्य�ना1827 submission प्रेस्ता�ता&करण1828 anecdote उप�ख्य�ना1829 fable आख्य�धियक�1830 contemplation चिंचAताना1831 chant भजाना1832 parable दृष्ट�न्ता1833 ecstasy परमा�ना दे1834 royalty र�यल्ट=1835 nobility क� लू&नाता�1836 miraculous चमात्क�रप�ण�1837 strand तिकना�र�1838 orthodox रूदिढ़वा�दे=1839 accessible ��लूभ1840 contemporary �माक�लू&ना1841 conceal सिछप�ना�

1842 loom करघ�1843 vehement लूवालू&ना1844 ridiculed उपह��1845 cryptic ग�प्ता1846 predominated प्रेभ�वा रखेना�1847 liberation मा�सि91848 irrelevant अप्रे�� तिगक1849 inert तिनास्त्रिष्क्रांय1850 Reformation ��धा�र1851 ferment तिवाक्षी#भ1852 indulgence आ�सि91853 disseminated फुq लू�य� हुआ1854 Depletion रिर92करण1855 Infiltration घ��पqठो1856 Drip टपक�ना�1857 harvest फु�लू1858 overhaul क�य�पलूट1859 whacking तिपट�ई1860 wobble घ�माना�1861 twiddling मा#ड़े1862 remnant श�र्षा1863 bearings ब&यरिंरAग1864 grovelled तिवाना&ता भ�वा देर��ना�1865 ravages प्रेक#प;1866 lunatic प�गलू1867 muddle अव्यवाX�1868 knack आदेता1869 topsy-turvy घपलू�1870 inexplicable अकथना&य1871 expose ब�नाक�ब1872 stroll चहलूक़देमा&1873 intricate जादिटलू1874 absurd ब�ता�क�1875 ridiculously ह�स्य�स्पदे रूप ��1876 retreat प&छ� हटना�1877 frenzied क्रां#धिधाता1878 cackling क� ड़ेक� ड़े�ना�1879 villainous intent खेलूना�यक क� इर�दे�1880 interned नाजारबन्दे करना�1881 smacked मा�र1882 slink सिछपकर जा�ना�1883 immolation क� रब�ना1884 pyre सिचता�1885 enactment अधिधातिनायमाना1886 costume प#श�क1887 response प्रेतितातिक्रांय�

1888 protest तिवार#धा1889 assess क� आकलूना1890 issue मा�द्दी�1891 displaced तिवाX�तिपता1892 inspire क# प्रे�रिरता1893 eminent प्रेख्य�ता1894 jury न्य�यप&ठो1895 pose मा�द्रो�1896 privatisation तिनाजा&करण1897 Aeration वा�ताना1898 Aerobic bacteria एर#तिबक बqक्ट=रिरय�1899 Anaerobic bacteria जा&वा�ण�1900 Biogas ब�य#गq�1901 Contaminant � दूर्षाक1902 Sanitation �फ़�ई1903 Sewage मालू1904 Sewer ना�लू�1905 Sewerage मालू1906 Sludge क2चड़े1907 Wastewater अपसिशष्ट1908 compete प्रेतितास्पधा��1909 peculiarity ख़ो�सि�यता1910 draw खेYचना�1911 dimensions आय�मा1912 oval अ डु�क�र1913 codified � तिहता�बद्ध1914 deception धा#खे�1915 compatriot स्वादे�शवा��&1916 beckon इश�र� करना�1917 underestimated कमा करक� आ क�1918 intruder घ���ड़ेना�वा�लू�1919 escort अना�रक्षीण1920 siesta माध्य�ह्न तिवाश्र�मा1921 detected पता� लूग�य�1922 anxious चिंचAतिताता1923 briefed क� ब�र� मा6 जा�नाक�र& दे=1924 suit ��ट1925 sustenance जा&तिवाक�1926 hostile शत्रा�ता�प�ण�1927 trajectory प्रेक्षी�पवाक्रां1928 impotently नाप� �कता�प�वा�क1929 vantage �हूसिलूयता1930 momentous �ब �� अहमा1931 render प्रेस्ता�ता करना�1932 irresistible अथक1933 hitch अड़ेचना

1934 stumbled ठो#कर खे�ई1935 arid श�ष्क1936 resemblance ��दृ�य1937 depleted �मा�प्ता ह# गय�

NCERT CLASS VIII WORDS SL. NO ENGLISH WORD HINDI TRANSLATION

1938 incident घटना�1939 illustrate �माझु�ना�1940 constitutive तिवाधा�ना1941 anti-colonial उपतिनावा�शवा�दे तिवार#धा&1942 attempt करना� क� प्रेय��1943 familiarise परिरसिचता ह#ना�1944 secularism धामा�तिनारप�क्षीता�1945 elucidate स्पष्ट करना�1946 dominate पर ह�वा&1947 institutionalised � X�गता1948 conceptual वाqच�रिरक1949 reform ��धा�र1950 achieve ह�सि�लू करना�1951 intervene हस्ताक्षी�प करना�1952 mediate माध्यXता� करना�1953 foul ब�ईमा�ना& ��1954 define क# परिरभ�तिर्षाता1955 differentiate अलूग करना�1956 kind तारह1957 formulated ��त्राबद्ध1958 consensus आमा र�य1959 focus क� जिन्द्रोता करना�1960 assertion अभिभकथना1961 Constituent तिनावा��चक व्यसि91962 Assembly तिवाधा�ना�भ�1963 momentum गतिता1964 convened आय#जिजाता करना�1965 draft मा�Uदे�1966 independent स्वाता त्रा1967 destiny भ�ग्य1968 idealism आदेश�वा�दे1969 govern श��ना करना�1970 monarchy र�जातान्त्रा1971 reflect प्रेतिताकिंबAतिबता करना�1972 usher प्रेवा�शक1973 witness गवा�ह

1974 assistance �ह�यता�1975 concession रिरय�यता1976 interim अ तारिरमा1977 polity हुक� माता1978 guideline दिदेश�तिनादेdश1979 exercise प्रेय#ग करना�1980 behalf क2 ओर ��1981 bully धामाक�ना�1982 pick च�नाना�1983 Obviously!1984 minority अल्प� ख्यक1985 tyranny अत्य�च�र1986 revise � श#धाना1987 adverse प्रेतिताक� लू1988 acrimonious उग्री1989 dictator ता�ना�श�ह1990 whim लूहर1991 recap � भिक्षीप्ता1992 extraordinary अ��धा�रण1993 compromise �माझुUता�1994 considerable क�फु21995 turmoil खेलूबलू&1996 imminent तिनाकटX1997 Princely र�जा�&1998 dismal तिनार�श�जानाक1999 visionary कस्थिल्पता2000 eradicate उन्मा�लूना करना�2001 urge अना�र#धा2002 Federalism � घवा�दे2003 franchise माता�धिधाक�र2004 abundant प्रेच�र2005 ultimate परमा2006 suffrage माता�धिधाक�र2007 decent �भ्य2008 consist ह#ना�2009 hierarchy पदेक्रांमा2010 sovereign ��वा�भUमा2011 suspicion � दे�ह2012 arbitrary मानामा�ना�2013 absolute प�ण�2014 trafficking क2 तास्कर&2015 profess खे�लू� आमा स्वा&कर करना�2016 linguistic भ�र्षा� वाqज्ञा�तिनाक2017 resentful क्रां#धा&2018 retaliation प्रेतिताश#धा2019 exclusion अपवाजा�ना

जा�तिहर हq!

2020 persecution उत्प&ड़ेना2021 persecute �ता�ना�2022 interpret व्य�ख्य� करना�2023 coercion बलू�त्क�र2024 afraid भयभ&ता2025 premise आधा�र2026 violation उल्लू घना2027 sentiment भ�वा�कता�2028 exception अपवा�दे2029 aid �ह�यता�2030 preferential तारजा&ह&2031 legislature तिवाधा�नामा डुलू2032 Pledge प्रेतिताज्ञा�2033 Allegiance तिनाष्ठा�2034 phrase वा�क्य� श2035 conspicuous तिवासिशष्ट2036 immigrant आप्रेवा��&2037 facilitate क# ��तिवाधा�जानाक बना�ना� क�2038 cynical क� दिटलू2039 exposure जा#खिखेमा2040 portray अभिभनाय करना�2041 contemplated सिचन्तिन्ताता2042 yardstick मा�पदे डु2043 consent �हमातिता2044 Preceding प�वा�वाताj2045 elicit प्रेक�श मा6 लू�ना�2046 mobilise जा�ट�ना�2047 unstarred अता�र� तिकता2048 compliance अना�प�लूना2049 feedback प्रेतिताप�धिष्ट2050 toes पqर क2 उ गसिलूय;2051 controversial तिवावा�दे�स्पदे2052 exempt मा�92053 harshly कठो#रता� ��2054 penalised दे तिडुता करना�2055 evolve तिवाकसि�ता करना�2056 sedition र�जाद्रो#ह2057 trial पर&क्षीण2058 evolution तिवाक��2059 adoption देत्तेक ग्रीहण2060 massacre कत्लू�आमा2061 contradict खे डुना करना�2062 verbally माUखिखेक रूप ��2063 abuse ग�लू& दे�ना�2064 testimony गवा�ह&2065 temporary अX�य&

2066 address � ब#धिधाता करना�2067 consultation पर�माश�2068 Prevention र#कथ�मा2069 circulate प्रे��रिरता करना�2070 evicted तिनाष्क�सि�ता2071 Esteemed �म्मा�तिनाता2072 custody तिहर��ता2073 assent स्वा&कb तिता2074 comprehensive व्य�पक2075 victim सिशक�र2076 lobby लू�ब&2077 editorial � प�देक2य2078 intention इर�दे�2079 repressive देमानाक�र&2080 adhere2081 segregation अलूग�वा2082 extent �&मा�2083 enthusiasm उत्��ह2084 criminal आपर�धिधाक2085 Litigation मा�कदेमा�2086 reference � देभ�2087 prosecutor अभिभय#जाक2088 rote रटना�2089 procedure प्रेतिक्रांय�2090 Judiciary न्य�यता त्रा2091 mechanism ता त्रा2092 encroach अतिताक्रांमाण करना�2093 apex च#ट=2094 presided अध्यक्षीता�2095 integrated एक2कb ता2096 appellate अप&लू&2097 verdict तिनाण�य2098 acquitted तिवामा�92099 acquittal दे#र्षामा�सि92100 lodge ठोहर�ना�2101 tenant तिकर�य�दे�र2102 vacate खे�लू& करना�2103 remote ��दूर2104 devised प्रेकस्थिल्पता2105 confer प्रेदे�ना करना�2106 existence अश्किस्तात्वा2107 eviction तिनाष्क��ना2108 inevitably अतिनावा�य� रूप ��2109 deprivation ह�तिना2110 proposition प्रेस्ता�वा2111 empirical प्रेय#गसि�द्ध

प�लूना करना�

2112 vicinity2113 accused अभिभय�92114 guilty दे#र्षा&2115 fictional कस्थिल्पता2116 theft च#र&2117 claim दे�वा�2118 frantically प�गलूपना क� ��थ2119 suspect � दिदेग्धा2120 steal च�र�ना�2121 innocent तिनादे¤र्षा2122 bail जामा�नाता2123 hire तिकर�य�2124 surety �मा�नातादे�र2125 traumatised आघ�ता2126 bars �लू�खे;2127 chargesheet आर#पपत्रा2128 Magistrate न्य�य�धा&श2129 defend रक्षी� करना�2130 0 ग़ुलूता2131 possession अधिधाक�र2132 basically मा�लू रूप ��2133 bust बस्ट2134 shoddy ब�क�मा2135 commission आय#ग2136 accordance अना���र2137 arrest तिगरफ्ता�र&2138 detention ना�रब दे=2139 interrogation प�छता�छ2140 inflict थ#पना�2141 petty क्षी�द्रो2142 detain तिहर��ता मा6 लू�ना�2143 registration प जा&करण2144 cognizable � ज्ञा�य2145 prosecution अभिभय#जाना2146 pronounce उच्चे�रण2147 sentence अदे�लूता क� फ़q �लू�2148 impartial तिनाष्पक्षी2149 substantive मा�लू2150 delve ताल्लू&ना करना�2151 manifest प्रेकट2152 marginalisation marginalization2153 mainstream मा�ख्य धा�र�2154 memorable य�देग�र2155 contentious तिवावा�दे�स्पदे2156 mature परिरपक्वा2157 marginalised ह�सिशए पर

आ� - प��

2158 fringe झुब्ब�2159 chatty ब�ता�ना&2160 hostility शत्रा�ता�2161 vanish नाष्ट ह#ना�2162 exotic तिवादे�श&2163 primitive आदिदेमा2164 perish नाष्ट ह# जा�ना�2165 Ethnicity नास्लू2166 colluded �� ठोग� ठो2167 militarised �qन्यकरण करना�2168 resin र�लू2169 gum गमा2170 dye डु�ई2171 edible खे�द्या2172 malnourished क� प#तिर्षाता2173 Literacy ��क्षीरता�2174 dispossession2175 displacement तिवाX�पना2176 violent किंहA�क2177 encompasses श�धिमालू2178 asset � पभित्ते2179 well-being भलू�ई2180 accentuated बलू2181 lag प&छ� रह जा�ना�2182 indicator ��चक2183 committee �धिमातिता2184 ghettoisation ध्रु�वा&करण2185 hatred नाफुरता2186 violence किंहA��2187 redress तिनावा�रण2188 invoke आह्वा�ना2189 henceforth आग� ��2190 tolerated �हना2191 deliberately2192 subsidised रिरय�यता&2193 untainted ब�दे�ग2194 Defilement मा�सिलून्य2195 policy ना&तिता2196 assist �ह�यता� करना�2197 furnish प्रेस्ता�ता करना�2198 reservation आरक्षीण2199 bestow प्रेदे�ना करना�2200 gut आ ता2201 wrath क्रां#धा2202 ostracise �मा�जा �� ब�हर तिनाक�लूना�2203 Atrocity क्रां� रता�

कब्जा� - हरण

जा�ना - ब�झुकर

2204 fate भ�ग्य2205 humiliation तिनार�देर2206 assertive देब ग2207 unleash दिदेलू�ना�2208 hideous घbभिणता2209 prescribe तिनाधा��रिरता करना�2210 stringent कठो#र2211 indulge पड़ेना�2212 reprehensible तिनान्दे�2213 obnoxious अतिप्रेय2214 derogatory अपमा�नाजानाक2215 dispossess ब�कब्जा� करना�2216 Scourge च�ब�क �� मा�रना�2217 Scavenging �फु�ई2218 excreta मालूमा�त्रा2219 broom झु�ड़ू2220 disposal तिनापट�ना2221 filth ग देग&2222 hazard खेतार�2223 enforcement अमालू2224 rehabilitation प�नावा���2225 equity इस्थिक्वाट=2226 economic आर्थिथAक2227 lax ढं=लू�2228 intrinsically2229 lawn घ�� क� माqदे�ना2230 dysentery प�सिचश2231 cholera हqजा�2232 contamination दूर्षाण2233 accrue उप�जिजाता ह#ना�2234 incur उठो�ना�2235 eradication उन्मा�लूना2236 bumpy ऊबड़े2237 bankrupt दिदेवा�सिलूय�2238 urbanisation शहर&करण2239 drastically क�फु22240 scenario परिरदृ�य2241 withdraw वा�प� लू�ना�2242 exploitative श#र्षाक2243 reprisal प्रेतिताश#धा2244 bondage ब धाना2245 hazardous खेतारना�क2246 maimed अप ग2247 peculiar अजा&ब2248 strewn तिबखेर�2249 Worth क़2माता

वास्ता�ता:

2250 evacuation तिनाक��&2251 perceived मा�ना� जा�ता� हq2252 vulnerability भ�द्याता�2253 callous कठो#र2254 blatant �बरदेस्ता2255 pesticide क2टना�श&2256 flexibility लूच&लू�पना2257 fascinate मा#तिहता करना�2258 notion धा�रण�2259 synonymous एक ��2260 conception � कल्पना�2261 grant अना�दे�ना2262 enthusiastic उत्��ह&2263 domination प्रेभ�त्वा2264 approximate लूगभग2265 criteria मा�पदे डु2266 chronology क�लूक्रांमा2267 coherence जा�टना�2268 despot ता�ना�श�ह2269 intolerance अ�तिहष्ण�ता�2270 superstitious अन्धतिवाश्वा��2271 civilise �भ्य बना�ना�2272 simultaneously एक ��थ2273 classification वागjकरण2274 medieval माध्यय�ग&ना2275 modern आधा�तिनाक2276 modernity आधा�तिनाकता�2277 reason क�रण2278 liberty स्वाता त्राता�2279 colonial औपतिनावा�सिशक2280 subjugate ग़ु_लू�मा बना�ना�2281 instruction अना�दे�श2282 directive तिनादे�श2283 calligraphist क�तिताब2284 proceed आग� बढ़ना�2285 mutiny2286 dockyard ग#दे= ब�ड़े�2287 harbour ब देरग�ह2288 mutineer तिवाद्रो#ह&2289 topography Xलू�कb तिता2290 botanical वानास्पतिता2291 zoological प्रे�भिणश�स्त्रा � ब धा&2292 archaeological प�र�ता�श्कित्त्वाक2293 anthropological2294 rebel तिवाद्रो#ह&2295 vicious श�तितार

�qन्य - तिवाद्रो#ह

मा�नावा - तिवाज्ञा�ना � ब धा&

2296 posterity भ�वा& प&ढ़=2297 charter घ#र्षाण�पत्रा2298 venture व्य�प�र2299 Mercantile व्य�प�रिरक2300 cinnamon दे�लूच&ना&2301 secure ��रभिक्षीता2302 blockade ना�क�ब दे=2303 fortify मा�ब�ता करना�2304 warehouse ग#दे�मा2305 Farman फुरमा�ना2306 manipulate ह�रफु� र करना�2307 intensified ता�जा2308 autonomy स्वा�यत्तेता�2309 deceit छलू2310 confrontation2311 infuriated व्यसिथता2312 meddling देखेलू2313 Prolong बढ़�ना�2314 crush क� चलूना�2315 ambition माहत्वा�क� क्षी�2316 ditch खे�ई2317 slavery ग�लू�मा&2318 assassinated हत्य� कर दे=2319 deposed अपदेX2320 flashy चमाक2लू�2321 flaunt अकड़ेना�2322 anglicised अ ग्री�जिजायता मा6 ढं�लूना�2323 diplomatic र�जानाधियक2324 alliance � धिधा2325 restraint � यमा2326 opulent देUलूतामान्दे2327 bid ब#लू&2328 vault मा�हर�ब2329 moderation � यमा2330 penalty जा�मा��ना�2331 cede �mपना�2332 regal श�ह&2333 splendour वाqभवा2334 Submissiveness तिवानाम्रता�2335 hostage ब धाक2336 triumph तिवाजाय2337 arrogant अभिभमा�ना&2338 curb तिनाय त्राण2339 shatter क# चकना�च�र2340 Confederacy � घ2341 paramountcy �वा¤परिरता�

आमाना� - ��माना�

2342 territorial प्रे�दे�सिशक2343 expansion तिवास्ता�र2344 Lapse च�क2345 Enraged ख़ोफ़�2346 impeachment माह�भिभय#ग2347 infantry पqदेलू ��ना�2348 archery आक� र&2349 regiment2350 jocular परिरह��श&लू2351 countenance च�हर�2352 prestige प्रेतिताष्ठा�2353 assessment मा�ल्य� कना2354 finance तिवात्ते2355 Artisanal क�र&गर2356 ryot रqयता2357 usurious2358 extricate छ� डु�ना�2359 scanty अल्प2360 Optimistic आश�वा�दे=2361 desperately �ख्ता2362 prospect � भ�वाना�2363 sediment तालूछट2364 paddle चप्प�2365 oppressive देमानाक�र&2366 simmer2367 cluster �मा�ह2368 assault हमालू�2369 coercive बलूप�वा�क2370 synthetic कb तित्रामा2371 missionary2372 kinship रिर�ता�दे�र&2373 leather चमाड़े�2374 shrank सि�क� ड़े गय�2375 clan वा श2376 savage जा गलू&2377 folklore लू#कवा�ता��2378 bemoan2379 drudgery कदिठोना परिरश्रमा2380 emissary दूता2381 trickle2382 adolescent तिकश#र2383 witchcraft जा�दू ट#ना�2384 sorcery जा�दू2385 glorious यशस्वा&2386 embankment ताटब धा2387 rouse जाग�ना�

�qन्य - देलू

��देखे#र, अत्यधिधाक ब्य��± लू�ना� वा�लू�

धा&र� - धा&र� पकना�

धामा� - प्रेच�रक

र#ना� - प&टना�

ब� दे - ब� दे कर बहना�, टपकना�

2388 trash कचर�2389 mutt ब�वाक़� फ़2390 station ताqना�ता करना�2391 upheaval2392 cantonment छ�वाना&2393 treacherously तिवाश्वा��घ�ता2394 greased ता�लू दे�ना�2395 seizure जाब्ता&2396 ammunition ग#लू� ब�रूदे2397 suzerainty आधिधापत्य2398 prophesied नाब�वाता करना� लूग�2399 Unnerved हता#त्��ह2400 repress क# देब�ना�2401 desertion परिरत्य�ग2402 siege घ�र�ब दे=2403 confiscated जाब्ता2404 gambling जा�आ2405 prostitution वा��य�वाbभित्ते2406 interspersed तिबखेर�ना�2407 renaissance प�नाजा��गरण2408 wreak प्रेत्यपक�रना�2409 vengeance प्रेतिताश#धा2410 embark लूगना�2411 ransack लू�टना�2412 Empress माह�र�ना&2413 avenue मा�ग�2414 stark तिनार�2415 veneer प#सिशश2416 stench बदेब�2417 aristocracy अभिभजा�ता वाग�2418 pavilion मा डुप2419 stable स्थिXर2420 craze प�गलूपना2421 scarf दुपट्टा�2422 dying मारता� हुए2423 bleach �फु� दे करना�2424 assortment वागjकरण2425 verge तिकना�र�2426 boycott बतिहष्क�र2427 import आय�ता2428 export तिनाय��ता2429 eliminated क� �फु�य�2430 infant सिशश�2431 armour कवाच2432 smelting गलू�ना�2433 ingot किंपAडु

उथलू - प�थलू

2434 Defy अवाह�लूना� करना�2435 slag लू�वा�2436 trek य�त्रा�2437 opportune �माय�ना�क� लू2438 concede स्वा&क�र करना�2439 industrialisation औद्या#ग&करण2440 resist तिवार#धा2441 barrier अवार#धा2442 spur प्रे�रण�2443 Linguist भ�र्षा�तिवादे�2444 Orientalism Orientalism2445 dialect ब#लू&2446 despatch प्रे�र्षाण2447 diffusion प्रे��र2448 vernacular X�ना&य भ�र्षा�2449 enslave वाश मा6 रखेना�2450 inferiority ह&नाता�2451 cast डु�लूना�2452 virtuous धा�र्मिमाAक2453 pamphlet प�श्किस्ताक�2454 sanction मा जा�र&2455 reputed प्रेतिताधिष्ठाता2456 barbaric अ�भ्य2457 advocate वाक2लू2458 critic आलू#चक2459 desirous इच्छु� क2460 exhibit दिदेखे�ना�2461 comprehend �माझुना�2462 flicker जिझुलूधिमालू�हट2463 curriculum प�ठ्यचय��2464 conservative रूदिढ़वा�दे=2465 alarm अलू�मा�2466 indigenous स्वादे�श&2467 outraged उल्लू घना करना�2468 initiative पहलू2469 ascetic तापस्वा&2470 sanctified पतिवात्रा2471 Convention प्रेथ�2472 trend प्रेवाbभित्ते2473 picturesque ��रम्य2474 quaint तिवासिचत्रा2475 evocative आवा�हक2476 Portrait सिचत्रा2477 canvas कq नावा��2478 lavish उदे�र2479 imperious �त्ते�श&लू

2480 regally र�जा� क2 तारह2481 luxury तिवालू�सि�ता�2482 mansion हवा�लू&2483 dramatise उपन्य�� रूप मा6 बदेलूना�2484 sketch नाक्शा� खेYचना�2485 Mural2486 Perspective परिरप्रे�क्ष्य2487 monument स्मा�रक2488 authentic प्रे�मा�भिणक2489 sentimental भ�वा�क2490 aftermath परिरण�मा2491 confiscate �ब्ता करना�2492 furore ह ग�मा�2493 Publicist प्रेचसिलूता तिवार्षाय पर लू�खे सिलूखेना�वा�लू�2494 inconceivable �माझु �� ब�हर2495 racisim racisim2496 monopolise एक�धिधाक�र करना�2497 Repeal तिनार�ना2498 impoverish तिना´�त्वा करना�2499 curtail घट�ना�2500 alien तिवादे�श&

भिभभित्ते - सिचत्रा

NCERT CLASS VI WORDS ENGLISH MEANING

generous

lost consciousness

miserly

bowl

move stealthily towards

things; matters; business

bare and dry

Those who watch a show, a game, etc

areas

royal van/cart

very hotmove underground by diggingheaps of sand formed by the windstony

an animal naturally preying on others.interestingsearch for food

Move quickly to avoid its enemy

Feel angry about

Small pieces of foodGoing deep into

group (of bushes or trees)moving smoothly

long sharp teeth (of a snake or dog)

move quickly

participants in a fight

magically persuade

the nose and mouth of an animal

NCERT CLASS VII WORDS ENGLISH MEANINGa group of people chosen to give advice or to make rules

members of the councila person who lives alone and leads a simple life

took by force

loyal and true

A person who makes maps.

A place where documents and manuscripts are stored.

Refers to the environment of a region and the social and economic lifestyle of its residents.

An influential, wealthy individual who supports another person – an artiste, a craftsperson, a learned man, or a noble.

The world of living organisms. e.g. plants and animals.The world of elements. e.g. land.

thin

someone who hides himself/ herself in a ship or an aircraft to travel unnoticed

followed haltingly

short sleep

tasty and sweet smellingsmall axetorn awkwardly/disfigured

look quickly and secretively

wetnesschangetake in completelychangescontaining moisture

comfortable

intentionally

persuaded;enticedtasty foodgreedyold womanthrewdead body

crushing;grinding

drip

treated him with contempt

lying on the ground face downward

happily

policeman

harsh and grating

take care ofdisapprove or regard as inferior make a short visit investigate be carefulimproveadmire

sickly

arrange systematically

officially chosen (by someone important)

a helper in crime

unusual

make to appear big

constantly looking to and frosay angrilymoved unsteadilywiped

unsteadylaughed mockingly

burning slowly without flame

suffocated (from lack of air)

put outdeal with; manage

5 *

beating; strikingmove unsteadily from side to sideturningremaining partsball-bearingscrawled on the grounddamagesmad personmix up things

upside downthat can’t be explained;mysterious

go backloud and franticnoise (made by hens)wicked and dangerous plan or ideaKepthit lightlymove noiselessly

result of a game in which neither side wins or loseslength, breadth, etc.shaped like an eggstandardised with rules and regulations

fellow countrymen

taken or ledshort rest or nap after lunchfound

told or informed

NCERT CLASS VIII WORDS ENGLISH MEANING

The capacity to act independently without outside interference

A business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices

Someone who knows and studies several languagesThose with a scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia

An accepted norm or style

A wall painting

Someone who publicises an idea by circulating information, writing reports, speaking at meetings

To undo law; to officially end the validity of something such as a law

NCERT CLASS VI WORDS SENTENCE 1He has shown no remorse for his actions.

Algu’s heart sank and he turned pale. But what could he do?

He realised his responsibility

He realised his responsibility as judge and the dignity of his office.

It is now obvious that I am not wanted in your house.

pleaded the old lady

Municipal Corporation takes care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean

All you require is a pile of paper

I will abide by her decision.

How did the beggar convince the sages to share their food with him?

plains are very fertile

Both the parties started meeting people seeking their support.

The forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, raisins, etc.

We must take steps now to ensure the survival of these animals.I finally manged to obtain a copy of the report.Is this an inherited disease?His family hoped that his bride would bring a large dowryHe wanted to have a son to ensure the succession.I must have your assurance that there will be no repetition of this conduct.Measures to secure oil production must be framed in the context of rising energy demands.Younger children can be left in the crèche.When you have acquired a basic range of computing skills, you will be ready to start the job.They took action to prevent the disease from spreading.The roses are now in full bloom.The grass withered under a scorching sun.To solve the puzzle, simply reverse the order of the numbers.Leave the dough to rise.The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.Blow balloon to its full size and tie its mouth with a string tightlyPrick balloon with the pointed tip of your pencil. Oops! It burst.

Batter to idli

The sawing of a piece of woodThe shopkeeper writes Rs 3 as due amount from himIn Mohan’s house, there are stairs for going up to the terrace and for going down to the godown.The king’s charioteer, who was his companion in the battle field and witnessed his exploits, chanted tales of his glory

They made earthen pots

people began transplanting paddyInstead of scattering seed on the ground, from which plants would sprout, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields

They met to discuss what should be done to meet the threat

They followed established rules

Some parts of the lithosphere may be rugged and some flat

Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people

Mountains provide an idyllic site for touristsSeveral sports like paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting and skiing are popular in the mountains.Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating.The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them.

Rivers deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleysNatural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanic eruption, storms and floods cause widespread destruction.

She swallowed these insults along with her food for a few months

you will not kill your conscience for the sake of friendship

What have you to say in your defence?Jumman was Algu's enemy and wanted his revenge.Sahu got very annoyedI can’t pay you a penny for the wretched beast you sold me

Alexander wanted to become a world conqueror.

Some of the most vivid descriptions of life in the sanghas

Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna

Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity

Algu decided to refer the case to the panchayat.

WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY?The death of the bullock was unfortunate, but Algu cannot be blamed for it

Jumman came to Algu, embraced himLet no one deviate from the path of justiceThe aunt decided to appeal to the panchayat.

She just retired from the Municipal CorporationYasmin Khala lived in the same laneIt also runs schools, hospitals and dispensaries

There are also taxes for education and other amenities

He asked Gangabai to get a petition signed by all of the adults in the locality saying that garbage was not being collectedThe Commissioner met with this large group and began giving excuses

The children enjoyed hearing Gangabai's story immenselyThey had sensed that Gangabai was much loved and respectedThe city of Surat had a plague scare in 1994Houses hotels and restaurants would dump their garbage into the nearest drainPlague spreads through the air and people who have the disease have to be isolatedIn Surat, several people lost their lives, and over 300,000 deserted the town

NCERT CLASS VII WORDS SENTENCE 1

Refers to the environment of a region and the social and economic lifestyle of its residents.

An influential, wealthy individual who supports another person – an artiste, a craftsperson, a learned man, or a noble.

someone who hides himself/ herself in a ship or an aircraft to travel unnoticed

NCERT CLASS VIII WORDS SENTENCE 1

A business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices

Someone who publicises an idea by circulating information, writing reports, speaking at meetings

NCERT CLASS VI WORDS SENTENCE 2 SENTENCE 3they were filled with remorse and shame

He realised his responsibility as judge and the dignity of his office.

How did the beggar convince the sages to share their food with him?

The forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, raisins, etc.

We must take steps now to ensure the survival of these animals.

I must have your assurance that there will be no repetition of this conduct.Measures to secure oil production must be framed in the context of rising energy demands.

When you have acquired a basic range of computing skills, you will be ready to start the job.

To solve the puzzle, simply reverse the order of the numbers.

The report concluded that the cheapest option was to close the laboratory.Blow balloon to its full size and tie its mouth with a string tightlyPrick balloon with the pointed tip of your pencil. Oops! It burst.

In Mohan’s house, there are stairs for going up to the terrace and for going down to the godown.The king’s charioteer, who was his companion in the battle field and witnessed his exploits, chanted tales of his glory

Instead of scattering seed on the ground, from which plants would sprout, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields

They met to discuss what should be done to meet the threat

Some parts of the lithosphere may be rugged and some flat

Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people

Several sports like paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting and skiing are popular in the mountains.Some plains are extremely level. Others may be slightly rolling and undulating.

Rivers deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleysNatural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanic eruption, storms and floods cause widespread destruction.

She swallowed these insults along with her food for a few months

Some of the most vivid descriptions of life in the sanghas can be found in Buddhist books.

volcanic activity.

The death of the bullock was unfortunate, but Algu cannot be blamed for it

He asked Gangabai to get a petition signed by all of the adults in the locality saying that garbage was not being collectedThe Commissioner met with this large group and began giving excuses

Houses hotels and restaurants would dump their garbage into the nearest drainPlague spreads through the air and people who have the disease have to be isolatedIn Surat, several people lost their lives, and over 300,000 deserted the town

slum-dwellers do not pay taxes

Hug the tall plants to see how thick their stems are!A minimum number of plants are uprootedPour water to fill one-third of the glass.

What kind of venation do they have?

We eat some of these as roots—like carrot, radish, sweet potato, turnip and tapioca.Which one will help you best to recognize the plant?When choosing flowers to study, avoid using marigold, chrysanthemum or sunflower.

Look at the prominent parts of the open flower.

The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.

Let us recapitulate the discussion.

What do we infer?

We cannot spare anything for youThe sages nodded

This is a region with numerous hill ranges and valleys

Straighten your arm and try to bend it downwardsOpen and close a door a few times. Observe the hinges of the door carefully.

Is your wrist flexible?

When contracted, the muscle becomes shorter, stiffer and thicker.GAIT OF ANIMALS

Most snakes lay eggs

A farmer who wants to fence his field.

NCERT CLASS VII WORDS SENTENCE 2 SENTENCE 3

NCERT CLASS VIII WORDS SENTENCE 2 SENTENCE 3

NCERT CLASS VI WORDS SENTENCE 4

NCERT CLASS VIII WORDS SENTENCE 4

SL. NO ENGLISH WORD HINDI TRANSLATION2501 devilish शqता�ना&2502 repression देमाना2503 iceberg तिहमाशqलू2504 eternal अनान्ता2505 indispensable अपरिरह�य�2506 sundry तिवातिवाधा2507 Picket धारना� दे�ना�2508 pantheon �ब दे�वाता�ओं क� मा दिदेर2509 antagonistic तिवार#धा&2510 abruptly अच�नाक2511 fiddle ब�लू�2512 asunder2513 Partition तिवाभ�जाना2514 refugee आभिश्रता2515 hoist उभ�ड़ेना�2516 survival उत्तेरजा&तिवाता�2517 economy अथ�व्यवाX�2518 affiliation � ब धाना2519 explicitly स्पष्टताय�2520 slur कलू क2521 amend � श#धाना करना�2523 engulf तिनागलू जा�ना�2524 merge धिमालूना�2525 retain बना�ए रखेना� क�2526 complementary प�रक2527 sensation �ना�ना&2528 enterprise2529 desolation वा&र�ना&2530 devastation ताब�ह&2531 infancy बचपना2532 rivalry प्रेतिताद्वे तिद्वेता�2533 bedrock आधा�र2534 aloof अलूग2535 Patent एकस्वा2536 utility उपय#तिगता�2537 Value मा�ल्य2538 Intelligence ब�जिद्ध2539 Technology प्रेUद्या#तिगक22540 distribution तिवातारण2541 replenish तिफुर �� भरना�2542 Sustainable Development �ताता तिवाक��2543 sparsely2544 mitigation शमाना2545 frost ठो ढं2546 erosion कट�वा

अलूग - अलूग

व्यवाह�र-क� शलूता�

तिबखेर& - तिबखेर&

2547 seepage टपक�2548 aggregate क� लू2549 Fossil जा&वा��मा2550 Adolescence तिकश#र�वाX�2551 Puberty यUवाना2552 eager उत्��क2553 dread भय2554 congest बट#रना�2555 wheezing घरघर�हट2556 Elixir2557 endeavour2558 Factual2559 dismay2560 resilience2561 coherent256225632564256525662567256825692570257125722573257425752576257725782579258025812582258325842585258625872588258925902591259225932594

25952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608

ENGLISH MEANING SENTENCE 1

People protesting outside a building or shop to prevent others from entering

It means the exclusive right over any idea or invention.

worth

It is the application of latest knowledge and skill in doing or making things

Carefully utilising resources so that besides meeting the requirements of the present, also takes care of future generations.

SENTENCE 2 SENTENCE 3 SENTENCE 4 SENTENCE 5

Carefully utilising resources so that besides meeting the requirements of the present, also takes care of future generations.

CLASS VII DEFINITIONSSL NO

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CLASS VII DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONAnimals which eat only plants are called herbivores.Animals which eat only animals are called carnivores.Animals which eat both plants as well as other animals are called omnivoresAscending order Ascending order means arrangement from the smallest to the greatestDescending order Descending order means arrangement from the greatest to the smallest.

In the International System of Numeration, as it is being used we have ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and then millionstributaries are smaller rivers that flow into a larger riverWhen we write anything, we use a script. Scripts consist of letters or signs. When we read what is written, or speak, we use a language.

Dietary fibres are also known as roughageGiven any natural number, you can add 1 to that number and get the next number i.e. you get its successor. The successor of 16 is 16 + 1 = 17, that of 19 is 19 +1 = 20 and so onThe number 16 comes before 17, we say that the predecessor of 17 is 17–1=16, the predecessor of 20 is 20 – 1 = 19, and so on.

The natural numbers along with zero form the collection of whole numbers.1, 2, 3 and 6 are exact divisors of 6. They are called the factors of 6.A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that numberEvery multiple of a number is greater than or equal to that number.The numbers other than 1 whose only factors are 1 and the number itself are called Prime numbers.Numbers having more than two factors are called Composite numbers.Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is called Revolution.Apartheid means separation on the basis of race.Those substances or materials, through which things can be seen, are called transparentThere are some materials through which you are not able to see. These materials are called opaque.The materials through which objects can be seen, but not clearly, are known as translucent.The interior of a curve together with its boundary is called its “region”.A figure is a polygon if it is a simple closed figure made up entirely of line segmentsThe line segments forming a polygon are called its sides.Any two sides with a common end point are called the adjacent sides of the polygon.The end points of the same side of a polygon are called the adjacent verticesA triangle is a three-sided polygon. In fact, it is the polygon with the least number of sides.A four sided polygon is a quadrilateral. It has 4 sides and 4 angles.A specialist is a person who is trained to do only one kind of work, for example, cutting stone, or polishing beads, or carving seals.A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale.Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the mapA plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scaleWhen the heavier component in a mixture settles after water is added to it, the process is called sedimentationWhen the water (along with the dust) is removed, the process is called decantationThe process of conversion of water into its vapour is called evaporation

In our Indian System of Numeration we use ones, tens, hundreds, thousands and then lakhs and crores. Commas are used to mark thousands, lakhs and crores

The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies.While watching the night sky, you may notice various patterns formed by different groups of stars. These are called constellations.An easy way to memorise the name of the planets in order of their distance from the sun is: MY VERY EFFICIENT MOTHER JUST SHOWED US NINE PLANETS

Satellite is a celestial body that moves around the planets in the same way as the planets move around the sun.

The small pieces of rocks which move around the sun are called meteoroidsA galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars, and clouds of dust and gases

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensationA solution is said to be saturated if it cannot dissolve more of the substance in it.Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation and filtration are some of the methods of separating substances from their mixtures.When two lines intersect and the angle between them is a right angle, then the lines are said to be perpendicular. If a line AB is perpendicular to CD, we write AB CD.⊥A triangle having all three unequal sides is called a Scalene TriangleA triangle having two equal sides is called an Isosceles TriangleA triangle having three equal sides is called an Equilateral TriangleIf each angle is less than 90°, then the triangle is called an acute angled triangle.If any one angle is a right angle then the triangle is called a right angled triangle.If any one angle is greater than 90°, then the triangle is called an obtuseangled triangle.The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called the LithosphereThe gaseous layers that surround the earth, is the Atmosphere, where oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide and other gases are found.The Biosphere is the narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life.

A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides.

The pattern of veins on the leaf is called venation.

In a proper fraction the numerator is always less than the denominator.

A mixed fraction has a combination of a whole and a part.A fraction is said to be in the simplest (or lowest) form if its numerator and denominator have no common factor except 1.The peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sidesWorking on farms involves operations such as preparing the land, sowing, weeding and harvesting of crops.You walk, run, skip, jump and move from place to place.Walk, run, fly, jump, creep, crawl, slither and swim – these are only a few of the ways in which animals move from one place to another.The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivotal jointA very big kingdom = an empireWhen members of the same family become rulers one after another, the family is often called a dynasty.

Perimeter is the distance covered along the boundary forming a closed figure when you go round the figure once.Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)Perimeter of a square = 4 × length of a sidePerimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × length of a sideArea of a rectangle = (length × breadth)Area of the square = side × side

The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation.The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitatsmall changes that take place in the body of a single organism over short periods, to overcome small problems due to changes in the surroundings, are called acclimatisation.Changes in our surroundings that makes us respond to them, are called stimuliThe process of getting rid of wastes by the living organisms is known as excretionThe branch of mathematics in which we studied numbers is arithmeticThe branch of mathematics in which we studied shapes is geometryCommuting means interchanging.

The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion. The surface is being lowered by the process of erosion and rebuilt by the process of depositionIn some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called glaciers

Plants with weak stems that cannot stand upright and spread on the ground are called creepers, while those that take support on neighbouring structures and climb up are called climbers

5/12 is a fraction. Here 5 is called the numerator and 12 is called the denominator.

The fractions, where the numerator is bigger than the denominator are called improper fractions.

Weather may be hot or cold; sunny or cloudy; windy or calm.Have you tried ‘Sharbat’, made from raw mango, bel, lemon, tamarind, kokum, phalsa, watermelon and buttermilk made from curds; for example chhaachh, mattha, mori, chash, etc?

The amount of surface enclosed by a closed figure is called its area.

any equation is a condition on a variable. It is satisfied only for a definite value of the variable.The value of the variable in an equation which satisfies the equation is called a solution to the equationwe compared the two quantities in terms of ‘how many times’. This comparison is known as the Ratio. We denote ratio using symbol ‘:’Two quantities can be compared only if they are in the same unit.we can get equivalent ratios by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.If two ratios are equal, we say that they are in proportion and use the symbol ‘::’ or ‘=’ to equate the two ratios.

The method in which first we find the value of one unit and then the value of required number of units is known as Unitary Method.A figure has line symmetry if a line can be drawn dividing the figure into two identical parts. The line is called a line of symmetry.

Materials which allow electric current to pass through them are conductors of electricity.Insulators do not allow electric current to pass through them.The materials which get attracted towards a magnet are magnetic – for example, iron, nickel or cobalt. The materials which are not attracted towards a magnet are non-magnetic.

CLASS VII DEFINITIONSAnts live in comfortable homes called ‘anthills’The queen ant has a pair of wings, which she casts off before she begins to lay eggs. Eggs hatch and become grubs, grubs change into cocoons, and cocoons break to bring forth complete ants. the place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism is called environment. It is a combination of natural and human made phenomena.

The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust. It is the thinnest of all the layers. It is about 35 km.Rocks roll down, crack, and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments. These smaller particles are called sediments.The process by which heat is transferred from the hotter end to the colder end of an object is known as conductionThe forces which act in the interior of the earth are called as Endogenic forces and the forces that work on the surface of the earth are called as Exogenic forces

Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth’s surface. Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like water, wind and ice. The reaction between an acid and a base is known as neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this process with the evolution of heat. If you leave a piece of iron in the open for some time, it acquires a film of brownish substance. This substance is called rust and the process is called rusting A change in which one or more new substances are formed is called a chemical change. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction. Identity: Identity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is. Typically, a person can have several identities. For example, a person can be a girl, a sister and a musician.Care-giving: Care-giving refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing. Besides physical tasks, they also involve a strong emotional aspect.

The dayto-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, windspeed, etc., is called the weather at that place The average weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25 years, is called the climate of the place.Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in 1000 grams of water. The average salinity of the oceans is 35 parts per thousand.

when the moon is in its first and last quarter, the ocean waters get drawn in diagonally opposite directions by the gravitational pull of sun and earth resulting in low tides. These tides are called neap tides The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of all organisms.

The taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body is called inhalation and giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide is known as exhalation. A breath means one inhalation plus one exhalation.The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.The process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of the living organisms is called excretion. The parts involved in excretion forms the excretory system.

If two ratios are not equal, then we say that they are not in proportion. In a statement of proportion, the four quantities involved when taken in order are known as respective terms. First and fourth terms are known as extreme terms. Second and third terms are known as middle terms.

If we cannot see through an object at all, it is an opaque object. If you are able to see clearly through an object, it is allowing light to pass through it and is transparent. There are some objects through which we can see, but not very clearly. Such objects are known as translucent.

The first set of teeth grows during infancy and they fall off at the age between six to eight years. These are termed milk teeth. The second set that replaces them are the permanent teeth. The permanent teeth may last throughout life or fall off during old age.

De-valued: When someone is not given due recognition for a task or job they have done, they can feel de-valued. For example, if a boy has put in a lot of effort into making a special birthday gift for his friend and this friend does not say anything about this, then the boy may feel de-valued

In the cell, the food (glucose) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water using oxygen. When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen it is called aerobic respiration. Food can also be broken down, without using oxygen. This is called anaerobic respiration.

The vascular tissue for the transport of water and nutrients in the plant is called the xylemleaves synthesise food. The food has to be transported to all parts of the plant. This is done by the vascular tissue called the phloem.The production of new individuals from their parents is known as reproduction.Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and buds. The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation. The zygote develops into an embryo.Settlements are places where people build their homesThe place where a building or a settlement develops is called its site.

CLASS VII DEFINITIONSA written document in which we find rules is called a Constitution.A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.

A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineralThe process of taking out minerals from rocks buried under the earth’s surface is called mining. Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer; this is known as open-cast mining. Deep bores, called shafts, have to be made to reach mineral deposits that lie at great depths. This is called shaft mining. Petroleum and natural gas occur far below the earth’s surface. Deep wells are bored to take them out, this is called drilling. Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out, by the process known as quarrying.The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. For example, crop of wheat means that all the plants grown in a field are that of wheat.The substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilisers.The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigationIn a field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds.The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.

Food is also obtained from animals for which animals are reared. This is called animal husbandry.there are other living organisms around us which we cannot see with eyes alone. These are called microorganisms or microbes.Microorganisms are classified into four major groups. These groups are bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.Some of the microorganisms cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals. Such disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.A synthetic fibre is also a chain of small units joined together. Each small unit is actually a chemical substance. Many such small units combine to form a large single unit called a polymer.The property of metals by which they can be beaten into thin sheets is called malleability.The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called ductility.

As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.

Sometimes a person’s kidneys may stop working due to infection or injury. As a result of kidney failure, waste products start accumulating in the blood. Such persons cannot survive unless their blood is filtered periodically through an artificial kidney. This process is called dialysis.

The first is to prevent the domination of one religion over another, i.e. inter-religious domination. The second is to oppose the various types of domination that can happen within a religion, i.e. intra-religious domination.

The subordinate court is more commonly known by many different names. These include the Trial Court or the Court of the District Judge, the Additional Sessions Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate, Metropolitan Magistrate, Civil Judge.

Rain water harvesting is the process of collecting rain water from roof tops and directing it to an appropriate location and storing if for future use. On an average, one spell of rain for two hours is enough to save 8,000 litres of water.

In the harvested crop, the grain seeds need to be separated from the chaff. This process is called threshing. This is carried out with the help of a machine called ‘combine’ which is in fact a combined harvester and thresher

if a substance cannot be broken down further by chemical reactions, by cooling, heating, or by electrolysis, it is called ‘element’. Sulphur is an element. So is iron. Carbon, too, is an element. The smallest unit of an element is atom.

There are no more than 92 naturally occurring elements. An important classification of elements is in terms of metals and non-metals. Most of the elements are metals. Less than 20 are non-metals. A few are metalloids which possess characters of both metals and non-metals.

Coal gas was used for street lighting for the first time in London in 1810 and in New York around 1820. Now a days, it is used as a source of heat rather than light.

The lowest temperature at which a substance catches fire is called its ignition temperature.

The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg).The increase in temperature on the earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall. This could cause droughts.

Removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower, hard and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and is less fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted into deserts. It is called desertification.Animals whose numbers are diminishing to a level that they might face extinction are known as the endangered animals.An ecosystem is made of all the plants, animals and microorganisms in an area along with non-living components such as climate, soil, river deltas, etc.

Fertilization which takes place inside the female body is called internal fertilization. Internal fertilization occurs in many animals including humans, cows, dogs and hens

fertilization in which the fusion of a male and a female gamete takes place outside the body of the female is called external fertilization. It is very common in aquatic animals such as fish, starfish, etc.

The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts can be identified is called a foetus. When the development of the foetus is complete, the mother gives birth to the baby.The animals which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals. Those animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals.

The force resulting due to the action of muscles is known as the muscular force.The force responsible for changing the state of motion of objects is called the force of friction.The force exerted by a charged body on another charged or uncharged body is known as electrostatic force.Objects or things fall towards the earth because it pulls them. This force is called the force of gravity, or just gravity.Gravity is not a property of the earth alone. In fact, every object in the universe, whether small or large, exerts a force on every other object. This force is known as the gravitational force. The force acting on a unit area of a surface is called pressure. pressure = force / area on which it actsThe substances which reduce friction are called lubricants.The frictional force exerted by fluids is also called drag.The to and fro or back and forth motion of an object is termed as vibrationIn humans, the sound is produced by the voice box or the larynx.The number of oscillations per second is called the frequency of oscillation. Frequency is expressed in hertz. Its symbol is Hz. A frequency of 1 Hz is one oscillation per second

The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity is called electroplating. It is one of the most common applications of chemical effects of electric current.

The world’s first oil well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA, in 1859. Eight years later, in 1867, oil was stuck at Makum in Assam. In India, oil is found in Assam, Gujarat, Mumbai High and in the river basins of Godavari and Krishna.

Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals’. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres (polyester, nylon, acrylic etc.), polythene and other man-made plastics. Hydrogen gas obtained from natural gas, is used in the production of fertilisers (urea). Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.

A chemical process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give off heat is called combustion. The substance that undergoes combustion is said to be combustible. It is also called a fuel. The fuel may be solid, liquid or gas. Sometimes, light is also given off during combustion, either as a flame or as a glow.

The substances which have very low ignition temperature and can easily catch fire with a flame are called inflammable substances. Examples of inflammable substances are petrol, alcohol, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), etc.

The type of combustion in which a material suddenly bursts into flames, without the application of any apparent cause is called spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous combustion of coal dust has resulted in many disastrous fires in coal mines.

The cells having nuclear material without nuclear membrane are termed prokaryotic cells. The organisms with these kinds of cells are called prokaryotes (pro : primitive; karyon : nucleus). Examples are bacteria and blue green algae. The cells, like onion cells and cheek cells having well organised nucleus with a nuclear membrane are designated as eukaryotic cells. All organisms other than bacteria and blue green algae are called eukaryotes. (eu : true; karyon: nucleus).

the reproductive parts in animals also produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote. It is the zygote which develops into a new individual. This type of reproduction beginning from the fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.

The first step in the process of reproduction is the fusion of a sperm and an ovum. When sperms come in contact with an egg, one of the sperms may fuse with the egg. Such fusion of the egg and the sperm is called fertilization . During fertilization, the nuclei of the sperm and the egg fuse to form a single nucleus. This results in the formation of a fertilized egg or zygote

Fertilization results in the formation of zygote which begins to develop into an embryo . The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to a ball of cells. The cells then begin to form groups that develop into different tissues and organs of the body. This developing structure is termed an embryo.

Growing up is a natural process. The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. Adolescence begins around the age of 11 and lasts upto 18 or 19 years of age.

a device can be used to test whether an object is carrying charge or not. This device is known as electroscope.The stars, the planets, the moon and many other objects in the sky are called celestial objects. When air is contaminated by unwanted substances which have a harmful effect on both the living and the non-living, it is referred to as air pollution.The substances which contaminate the air are called air pollutants.

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CLASS VIFACTSLight travels at the speed of about 300,000 km per second. Yet, even with this speed, the light of the sun takes about eight minutes to reach the earth.Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the surface of the moon on 29 July 1969.Presence of carbohydrates can be tested by dilute iodine solution. A blue-black colour indicates that it contains starchPresence of protein can be tested by solution of copper sulphate. A violet colour indicates presence of proteins in the food item.In India, the longitude of 82½° E (82° 30'E) is treated as the standard meridian. The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (IST).

In Russia, there are as many as eleven standard times.The axis of the earth which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital planeThe oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years agoTamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam belong to the Dravidian familyElevation of land is measured from the level of the sea, which is taken as zero.The highest mountain peak Mt. Everest is 8,848 metres above the sea level.The greatest depth of 11,022 metres is recorded at Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.

There are seven major continents. These are separated by large water bodies. These continents are – Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.Asia is the largest continent. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural mountains on the westAfrica is the only continent through which the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn pass.The Sahara Desert, the world’s largest hot desert, is located in Africa. The world’s longest river the Nile, flows through Africa.The Andes, world’s longest mountain range, runs through its length from north to south. South America has the world’s largest river, the Amazon.India also has research stations Antarctica. These are named as Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri.The Arctic Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as Berring strait.

North America is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama.

The Himalayas, the Alps and the Andes are mountain ranges of Asia, Europe and South America, respectivelyThe Tibet plateau is the highest plateau in the world with a height of 4,000 to 6,000 metres above the mean sea level.

The USA and Canada have six time zones extending from the Pacific coast to the Atlantic coast.There are seven countries that share land boundaries with India. Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Palk Strait.For administrative purposes, the country is divided into 28 States and 7 Union Territories. Delhi is the national capital. Rajasthan is the largest state and Goa is the smallest state in terms of area

The Ganga and the Brahmaputra form the world’s largest delta, the Sunderban delta. The delta is triangular in shape. It is an area of land formed at the mouth of the riverThe rivers Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These are west-flowing rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea

Many of Chanakya’s ideas were written down in a book called the ArthashastraMegasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta by the Greek ruler of West Asia named Seleucus Nicator.

Edmund Hillary (Britain) and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa (India) were the first men to climb the highest mountain peak Mt. Everest on the planet earth on 29th May, 1953. Junko Tabei (Japan) was the first woman to reach the summit on 16th May, 1975. The first Indian woman to climb the highest peak on 23rd May, 1984 was Bachendri Pal

The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties. These layers starting from earth’s surface are called the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

The rules made for the Buddhist sangha were written down in a book called the Vinaya Pitaka.The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) passes almost halfway through the countryFrom south to north, India extends between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitudes. From west to east, India extends between 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitudes.

Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral islands located off the coast of Kerala. The Andaman and the Nicobar Islands lie to the southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

Corals are skeletons of tiny marine animals called Polyps. When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left. Other poplyps grow on top of the hard skeleton which grows higher and higher, thus forming the coral islands.

Ashoka was the first ruler who tried to take his message to the people through inscriptions. Most of Ashoka’s inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script.Ashoka is the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning a war.

During the winter season, cool, dry winds blow from north to the south.

guideline

Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas.

Techniques of making silk were first invented in China around 7000 years ago.The best-known of these are the Chinese Buddhist pilgrims, Fa Xian, who came to the subcontinent about 1600 years ago, Xuan Zang (who came around 1400 years ago) and I-Qing, who came about 50 years after Xuan Zang.Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, which was then part of the Roman empiredolphins and whales that do not have gills.earthworms breathe through their skin. Fish have gills for using oxygen dissolved in water. Harshavardhana's court poet, Banabhatta, wrote his biography, the Harshacharita, in Sanskrit.Aihole, the capital of the Chalukyas, was an important trading centreThe iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of Indian crafts persons. It is made of iron, 7.2. m high, and weighs over 3 tonnes.

Tamil epic, the Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago. This describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.Both the Puranas and the Mahabharata are supposed to have been compiled by Vyasa.Valmiki is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.Paper was invented in China about 1900 years ago, by a man named Cai Lun.

CLASS VIIIn humans the tongue is the organ of taste. It also helps in chewing, swallowing and speaking.Some animals like the frog and the chameleon use the tongue to catch prey. The chameleon’s tongue is so long that it keeps it folded in the mouth— but it can flick it in and out at lightning speed. The snake uses its tongue to smell. The reptile flickers its tongue in and out, each time carrying molecules from its surroundings to an organ (called ‘Jacobsen’s organ’) in the roof of its mouth.The blue whale has the largest tongue which can weigh as much as an elephant.Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to introduce midday meal scheme.In 2001, the Supreme Court asked all state governments to begin midday meal scheme in their schools within six months.The Deccan plateau is made up of basalt rocksThe normal temperature of human body is 37°C.Clinical thermometer is used to measure our body temperature. The range of this thermometer is from 35°C to 42°C.The heat flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature. There are three ways in which heat can flow from one object to another. These are conduction, convection and radiation.In solids, generally, the heat is transferred by conduction. In liquids and gases the heat is transferred by convection. No medium is required for transfer of heat by radiation The materials which do not allow heat to pass through them easily are called insulators.The celsius scale was devised by a Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius in 1742. Strangely, he fixed the temperature of the boiling water as 0°C and of freezing water as 100°C. However, this order was reversed very soon.In terms of the number of sheep, India ranks third in the world, behind China and Australia. However, the New Zealand sheep are known to yield the best wool An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. An earthquake of 2.0 or less can be felt only a little. An earthquake over 5.0 can cause damage from things falling. A 6.0 or higher magnitude is considered very strong and 7.0 is classified as a major earthquake. The highest waterfall is Angel Falls of Venezuela in South America. The other waterfalls are Niagara falls located on the border between Canada and USA in North America and Victoria Falls on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus. It is extracted from lichens. It has a mauve (purple) colour in distilled water. When added to an acidic solution, it turns red and when added to a basic solution, it turns blue. China rose indicator turns acidic solutions to dark pink (magenta) and basic solutions to green.Turmeric is another natural indicatorThe rain becomes acidic because carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (which are released into the air as pollutants) dissolve in rain drops to form carbonic acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. Acid rain can cause damage to buildings, historical monuments, plants and animals. Our stomach contains hydrochloric acid.The sting of an ant contains formic acid. When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid into the skin. The effect of the sting can be neutralised by rubbing moist baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) or calamine solution, which contains zinc carbonate.

Acids are sour in taste. Bases are bitter in taste and soapy to touch. Acid turns blue litmus red. Bases turn red litmus blue.Each cell in our body contains an acid, the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. It controls every feature of the body such as our looks, colour of our eyes, our height etc. Proteins that build part of our cells are also made of amino acids. The fats in our body contain fatty acids.

Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall

Middle Andaman Situated in the Bay of Bengal, the Middle Andaman is India’s largest island.

A famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting his wife

Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed Stainless steel is made by mixing iron with carbon and metals like chromium, nickel and manganese. It does not rust.

Mehrunnisa, married the Emperor Jahangir in 1611 and received the title Nur JahanElizabeth was the last ruler of a dynasty known as the Tudors

Edmund Spenser wrote a long epic poem called The Faerie Queene in Queen Elizabeth I praise.The standard unit of measuring temperature is degree Celsius. It was invented by Anders Celsius. On the Celsius scale the water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

The Kandariya Mahadeva temple dedicated to Shiva was constructed in 999 by King Dhangadeva of the Chandela dynastySultan Iltutmish won universal respect for constructing a large reservoir just outside Dehli-i kuhna. It was called the hauz-i Sultani or the “King’s Reservoir”.Laxmi Lakra is the first woman engine driver for Northern Railways.Rashsundari Devi's book titled Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman.Dead sea in Israel has salinity of 45 parts per thousand.

On 8 March, International Women’s Day, women all over the world come together to celebrate and renew their struggles.March 22 is celebrated as World Water Day when the need to conserve water is reinforced in different ways.During the full moon and new moon days, the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same line and the tides are highest. These tides are called spring tides. The Labrador Ocean current is cold current while the Gulf Stream is a warm current.Yeasts are single-celled organisms. They respire anaerobically and during this process yield alcohol. They are, therefore, used to make wine and beer.The accumulation of lactic acid due to heavy exercise causes muscle cramps.

On an average, an adult human being at rest breathes in and out 15–18 times in a minute.Bronze is an alloy containing copper and tin.Haemoglobin bind with oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.The presence of haemoglobin makes blood appear red.The blood also has white blood cells (WBC) which fight against germs that may enter our body.The clot is formed because of the presence of another type of cells in the blood, called platelets.A resting person, usually has a pulse rate between 72 and 80 beats per minute.Veins are the vessels which carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body back to the heart.

Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.A doctor uses the stethoscope as a device to amplify the sound of the heart.The English physician, William Harvey (A.D.1578–1657), discovered the circulation of blood.

Near the Qutub Minar in Delhi stands an iron pillar which is more than 7 metres high. It weighs more than 6000 kg. It was built more than 1600 years ago. After such a long period it has not rusted. For its quality of rust resistance it has been examined by scientists from all parts of the world. It tells something about the advances India had made in metal technology as back as 1600 years ago.

The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers. From their mother’s side they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), ruler of the Mongol tribes, China and Central Asia. From their father’s side they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.

A miniature painting (dated 1702-1712) of Timur, his descendants and the Mughal emperors. Timur is in the centre and on his right is his son Miran Shah (the first Mughal emperor Babur’s great-greatgrandfather) and then Abu Said (Babur’s grandfather). To the left of Timur are Sultan Muhammad Mirza (Babur’s great-grandfather) and Umar Shaikh (Babur’s father). The Mughal emperors Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan are the third, fourth and fifth individuals on Timur’s right and on his left, in the same order, are Humayun, Jahangir and Aurangzeb.

Babur, the first Mughal emperor (1526-1530), succeeded to the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old. In 1526 he defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, at Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra.

The mother of Jahangir was a Kachhwaha princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Amber (modern day Jaipur). The mother of Shah Jahan was a Rathor princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur).

Akbar ordered one of his close friends and courtiers, Abul Fazl, to write a history of his reign. Abul Fazl wrote a three volume history of Akbar’s reign titled, Akbar Nama. The first volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors and the second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. The third volume is the Ain-i Akbari. It deals with Akbar’s administration, household, army, the revenues and geography of his empire.

A bolt of lightning travels at a speed of more than 400,000 km/h. It can heat the air around it to a temperature which is more than 4 times the temperature of the surface of the sun. That is what makes lightning so dangerous.

We get relief from cramps after a hot water bath or a massage. Can you guess why it is so? Hot water bath or massage improves circulation of blood. As a result, the supply of oxygen to the muscle cells increases. The increase in the supply of oxygen results in the complete breakdown of lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water.

The Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway system connecting St. Petersburg in Western Russia to Vladivostok on the Pacific coast.

All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. Latitudes are measured in degrees.All parallels north of the equator are called ‘north latitudes.’ Similarly all parallels south of the equator are called ‘south latitudes

Earth rotates from west to east, those places east of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time and those to the west will be behind it

Tulsidas’s composition, the Ramcharitmanas, written in Awadhi (a language used in eastern Uttar Pradesh), is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary workMirabai became a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from a caste considered “untouchable. She was devoted to Krishna and composed innumerable bhajans expressing her intense devotion.

22 March is celebrated as the world water day!Year 2003 was observed as the International Year of Freshwater to make people aware of this dwindling natural resource

Other dance forms that are recognised as classical at present are: Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu) Kathakali (Kerala) Odissi (Orissa) Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh) Manipuri (Manipur)It has been suggested that we should plant eucalyptus trees all along sewage ponds. These trees absorb all surplus wastewater rapidly and release pure water vapour into the atmosphere.Viking 1 was launched on 20 August 1975 and arrived at Mars on 19 June 1976. Viking 2 was launched on 9 September 1975 and entered Mars’ orbit on 7 August 1976.

The Chiru or the Tibetan antelope is an endangered species. It is hunted for its wool known as shahtoosh, which is light in weight and extremely warm.

Manali - Leh highway crosses four passes, Rohtang la, Baralacha la Lungalacha la and Tanglang la. The highway opens only between July and September when snow is cleared from the road

Aquatic animals like fishes, excrete cell waste in gaseous form (ammonia) which directly dissolves in water. Some land animals like birds, lizards, snakes excrete a semi-solid, white coloured compound (uric acid). The major excretory product in humans is urea.

The time-keeping services in India are provided by the National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. The clock they use can measure time intervals with an accuracy of one-millionth of a second. The most accurate clock in the world has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the U.S.A. This clock will lose or gain one second after running for 20 million years.

The credit for the invention of the electric bulb is usually given to Thomas Alva Edison, though others before him had worked on it. Edison was a remarkable man. He made some 1300 inventions including the electric bulb, gramophone, the motion picture camera and the carbon transmitter, which facilitated the invention of the telephone.

On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, either of the poles is tilted towards the sun; so, the whole earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This is called an equinox

On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S), a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light. Therefore, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere with longer days and shorter nights. The reverse happens in the Northern Hemisphere. This position of the earth is called the Winter Solstice.On 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. The rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer. As a result, these areas receive more heat. The areas near the poles receive less heat as the rays of the sun are slanting. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months.Since a large portion of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. At this time in the Southern Hemisphere all these conditions are reversed. It is winter season there. The nights are longer than the days. This position of the earth is called the Summer Solstice.

Another imaginary line running on the globe divides it into two equal parts. This line is known as the equator. The northern half of the earth is known as the Northern Hemisphere and the southern half is known as the Southern Hemisphere

Unlike parallels of latitude, all meridians are of equal length. Thus, it was difficult to number the meridians. Hence, all countries decided that the count should begin from the meridian which passed through Greenwich, where the British Royal Observatory is located. This meridian is called the Prime Meridian. Its value is 0° longitude and from it we count 180° eastward as well as 180° westward. The Prime Meridian divides the earth into two equal halves, the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere. Therefore, the longitude of a place is followed by the letter E for the east and W for the west. It is, however, interesting to note that 180° East and 180° West meridians are on the same line.

When Spanish explorers discovered Amazon river, they were attacked by a group of local tribes wearing headgears and grass skirts. These people reminded them of the fierce tribes of women warriors known in ancient Roman Empire as the Amazons. Hence the name Amazon.

Guru Nanak (1469-1539) than about Kabir. Born at Talwandi (Nankana Sahib in Pakistan), he travelled widely before establishing a centre at Kartarpur (Dera Baba Nanak on the river Ravi). Before his death in 1539, Guru Nanak appointed one of his followers as his successor. His name was Lehna but he came to be known as Guru Angad, signifying that he was a part of Guru Nanak himself. Guru Angad compiled the compositions of Guru Nanak, to which he added his own in a new script known as Gurmukhi. The three successors of Guru Angad also wrote under the name of “Nanak” and all of their compositions were compiled by Guru Arjan in 1604.

The importance of water management has been highlighted by a watershed management project near the village of Kothapally. The project has yielded dramatic results. Groundwater levels have risen, green cover has increased, and productivity and incomes in this semi-arid region have dramatically improved.

SAHARA is the world’s largest desert. It has an area of around 8.54 million sq. km. The Sahara desert touches eleven countries. These are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

CLASS VIII

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) were used throughout the country for the first time in the 2004 general elections.

The Parliament in India consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

First Information Report (FIR)the fundamental Right to Life guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution included the Right to Food

India has 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries covering 1,09,652 sq km.the government set up a high-level committee in 2005. Chaired by Justice Rajindar Sachar, the committee examined the social, economic and educational status of the Muslim community in India

Article 15 of the Constitution notes that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

first Governor-General, Warren Hastings, and ended with the last Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten.third son of Queen Victoria of Britain, Prince Arthur, who was given the title Duke of Connaught.Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of India in 1773

The National Archives of India came up in the 1920sVasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer, who had discovered sea route to India in 1498

Tipu Sultan died defending his capital Seringapatam on 4 May 1799.

According to the Constitution, there are three organs of the State. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature refers to our elected representatives. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government.

The Parliament of India (Sansad) is the supreme law-making institution. It has two Houses, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Rajya Sabha (Council of States), with a total strength of 245 members, is chaired by the Vice-President of India. Lok Sabha (House of the People), with a total membership of 545, is presided over by the Speaker.

Despite the large number of protests, the Rowlatt Act came into effect on 10 March 1919. In Punjab, protests against this Act continued quite actively and on April 10 two leaders of the movement, Dr Satyapal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew were arrested. To protest these arrests, a public meeting was held on 13 April at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer entered the park with his troops. They closed the only exit and without giving any warning General Dyer ordered the troops to fire. Several hundreds of people died in this gunfire and many more were wounded including women and children

Domestic violence refers to the injury or harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman can also include verbal, sexual and economic abuse. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extends the understanding of the term ‘domestic’ to include all women who ‘live or have lived together in a shared household’ with the male member who is perpetrating the violence. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act came into effect in 2006.

High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862. The High Court of Delhi came up in 1966. Currently there are 21 High Courts. While many states have their own High Courts, Punjab and Haryana share a common High Court at Chandigarh, and the seven northeast states have a common High Court at Guwahati. Some High Courts have benches in other parts of the state for greater accessibility.

According to Article 22 of the Constitution, every person has a Fundamental Right to be defended by a lawyer. Article 39A of the Constitution places a duty upon the State to provide a lawyer to any citizen who is unable to engage one due to poverty or other disability.

Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished – what this means is that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities etc.

In 1993, the government passed the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act. This law prohibits the employment of manual scavengers as well as the construction of dry latrines

In October 2006, the government amended the Child Labour Prevention Act, banning children under 14 years of age from working as domestic servants or as workers in dhabas, restaurants, tea shops etc. It made employing these children a punishable ffence. Anyone found violating the ban must be penalised with a punishment ranging from a jail term of three months to two years and/or fine of Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000

Bhopal Gas Tragedy: The world’s worst industrial tragedy took place in Bhopal 24 years ago. Union Carbide (UC) an American company had a factory in the city in which it produced pesticides. At midnight on 2 December 1984 methyl-isocyanite (MIC) - a highly poisonous gas - started leaking from this UC plant.

In 1817, James Mill, a Scottish economist and political philosopher, published a massive three-volume work, A History of British India. In this he divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British.

The Battle of Plassey: in 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey. One of the main reasons for the defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, never fought the battle. Clive had managed to secure his support by promising to make him nawab after crushing Sirajuddaulah.

On 12 August 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the East India Company as the Diwan of BengalOn 29 March 1857, a young soldier, Mangal Pandey, was hanged to death for attacking his officers in Barrackpore.Nana Saheb, the adopted son of the late Peshwa Baji Rao who lived near Kanpur, gathered armed forces and expelled the British garrison from the city.Bahadur Shah Zafar and his wife Begum Zinat Mahal were sent to prison in Rangoon in October 1858. Bahadur Shah Zafar died in the Rangoon jail in November 18621911 when Delhi became the capital of British India

The charkha came to represent India, and it was put at the centre of the tricolour flag of the Indian National Congress adopted in 1931.The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854The first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861.The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) that came up began producing steel in 1912.Jones and Colebrooke set up the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and started a journal called Asiatick Researches.

Rabindranath Tagore started Santiniketan in 1901Raja Rammohun Roy founded a reform association known as the Brahmo Sabha (later known as the Brahmo Samaj) in Calcutta.In 1829, sati was bannedDayanand founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, an organisation that attempted to reform Hinduism.Tarabai Shinde, a woman educated at home at Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna, (A Comparison between Women and Men), criticising the social differences between men and women.

In Bombay, the Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840 to work for the abolition of caste.The Satnami movement in Central India, founded by a leader named Ghasidas who came from a “low” caste, worked among the leatherworkers and organised a movement to improve their social status.The Satyashodhak Samaj, an association Jyotirao Phule founded, propagated caste equality.In 1873, Phule wrote a book named Gulamgiri, meaning slavery.In 1927, Ambedkar started a temple entry movement, in which his Mahar caste followers participated.The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, founded by Sayyid Ahmed Khan in 1875 at Aligarh, later became the Aligarh Muslim University.The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms

Bal Gangadhar Tilak raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”Kesari, a Marathi newspaper edited by Tilak, became one of the strongest critics of British ruleIn 1895, along with other Indians, Mahatma Gandhi established the Natal Congress to fight against racial discrimination.On learning about Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.Bhagat Singh said : “It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear. Inquilab Zindabad !”Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman to become President of the Indian National Congress (1925).on 1 October 1953, the new state of Andhra Pradesh came into being.The Bhilai steel plant was set up with the help of the former Soviet Union in 1959.Vultures in the Indian subcontinent were dying of kidney failure shortly after scavenging livestock treated with diclofenac, a painkiller that is similar to aspirin or ibuprofen.

You can always tell if a rock contains copper because then the rock looks blue in colour.Switzerland has no known mineral deposit in it.Brazil is the largest producer of high grade iron-ore in the worldA green diamond is the rarest diamondThe oldest rocks in the world are in Western Australia. They date from 4,300 million years ago, only 300 million years after the earth was formed.

The doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would “lapse”, that is, become part of Company territory. One kingdom after another was annexed simply by applying The Doctrine of Lapse: Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854).

In 1764, the spinning jenny was invented by John Kaye which increased the productivity of the traditional spindles. The invention of the steam engine by Richard Arkwright in 1786 revolutionised cotton textile weaving.

madrasa was set up in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law; and the Hindu College was established in Benaras in 1791 to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts that would be useful for the administration of the country.

In 1929 the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed without the kind of bitter debates and struggles that earlier laws had seen. According to the Act no man below the age of 18 and woman below the age of 16 could marry.

The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885. The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer, A.O. Hume, also played a part in bringing Indians from the various regions together.

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. It aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.India is the largest producer and exporter of mica in the world.Compressed natural gas (CNG)Norway was the first country in the world to devlop hydroelectricity.The site of the world’s first solar and wind powered bus shelter is in Scotland.USA has the world’s largest geothermal power plant.Shifting cultivation is known by different names in different parts of the world Jhumming - North-East India Milpa -Mexico Roca - Brazil. Ladang - MalaysiaChina leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt Brazil is the leading producer of coffee followed by Columbia and India.The first textile mill in the country was established at Fort Gloster near Kolkata in 1818 but it closed down after some time. The first successful modern textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India.

Common ailments like cold, influenza (flu) and most coughs are caused by viruses. Serious diseases like polio and chicken pox are also caused by viruses.Diseases like dysentery and malaria are caused by protozoans whereas typhoid and tuberculosis (TB) are bacterial diseases.Curd contains several microorganisms. Of these, the bacterium Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd.Louis Pasteur discovered fermentation in 1857.Yeast is used for commercial production of alcohol and wine.This is the smell of alcohol as sugar has been converted into alcohol by yeast. This process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is known as fermentation. medicines kill or stop the growth of the disease-causing microorganisms. Such medicines are called antibiotics

cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox and hepatitis can be prevented by vaccination.Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox in 1798.

carrier is the female Anopheles mosquito which carries the parasite of malaria. Female Aedes mosquito acts as carrier of dengue virus.Robert Köch (1876) discovered the bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) which causes anthrax disease.Foot and mouth disease of cattle is caused by a virus.Salts and edible oils are the common chemicals generally used to check the growth of microorganisms. Therefore they are called preservatives. Sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite are common preservatives.Meat and fish are covered with dry salt to check the growth of bacteria. Salting is also used to preserve amla, raw mangoes, tamarind, etc.Jams, jellies and squashes are preserved by sugarUse of oil and vinegar prevents spoilage of pickles because bacteria cannot live in such an environment. Vegetables, fruits, fish and meat are often preserved by this method.

bacterium Rhizobium is involved in the fixation of nitrogen in leguminous plants (pulses).Polymers occur in nature also. Cotton, for example, is a polymer called cellulose. Cellulose is made up of a large number of glucose units.Nylon was the first fully synthetic fibre.Polyester (Poly+ester) is actually made up of the repeating units of a chemical called an ester. Polycot is a mixture of polyester and cotton. Polywool is a mixture of polyester and wool.sweaters and shawls are prepared from another type of synthetic fibre called acrylic.Polythene (Poly+ethene) is an example of a plastic. It is used for making commonly used polythene bags.uniforms of firemen have coating of melamine plastic to make them flame resistant.Teflon is a special plastic on which oil and water do not stick.Metals like sodium and potassium are soft and can be cut with a knife. Mercury is the only metal which is found in liquid state at room temperature. These are exceptions.

The Government of India has a Ministry of Human Resource Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to improve people’s skills. This just shows how important people are as a resource for the country.

When a disease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces antibodies to fight the invader. The body also remembers how to fight the microbe if it enters again. So, if dead or weakened microbes are introduced in a healthy body, the body fights and kills them by producing suitable antibodies. The antibodies remain in the body and we are protected from the diseasecausing microbes. This is how a vaccine works.

Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food or physical contact are called communicable diseases. Examples of such diseases include cholera, common cold, chicken pox and tuberculosis.

Pasteurized milk can be consumed without boiling as it is free from harmful microbes. The milk is heated to about 700C for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes. This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur. It is called pasteurization.

Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen dissolve in rain water and form acids. Such rain is called acid rain.

Red Data Book is the source book which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants.Robert Hooke in 1665 descovered cell.The smallest cell is 0.1 to 0.5 micrometre in bacteria. The largest cell measuring 170 mm ×130 mm, is the egg of an ostrich.

A white blood cell (WBC) in human blood is another example of a single cell which can change its shape. But while WBC is a cell, amoeba is a full fledged organism capable of independent existence.

All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells.Goitre is a disease cause by absent of thyroxine hormone which is produced by thyroid gland.Diabetes is a disease caused by less secretion of insulin hormone produced by pancreas.

Pituitary also secretes growth hormone which is necessary for the normal growth of a person.

in our country, the legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys.The sound cannot travel through vacuum.

On July 21, 1969 (Indian time) the American astronaut Neil Armstrong landed on the moon for the first time followed by Edwin Aldrin.Pole Star is not visible from the southern hemisphereThe star Sirius, which is the brightest star in the sky, is located close to Orion.Orion is constellation that can be seen during winter in the late evenings. It is one of the most magnificent constellations in the sky. It also has seven or eight bright stars. Orion is also called the Hunter.

Cassiopeia is another prominent constellation in the northern sky. It is visible during winter in the early part of the night. It looks like a distorted letter W or M

One such comet is Halley’s comet, which appears after nearly every 76 years. It was last seen in 1986. Aryabhatta was the first Indian satellite. Some other Indian satellites are INSAT, IRS, Kalpana-1, EDUSAT, etc.

CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapour are called greenhouse gasesAn ambitious plan to save the river, called the Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985.

CLASS IX

These days the head of the safety match contains only antimony trisulphide and potassium chlorate. The rubbing surface has powdered glass and a little red phosphorus (which is much less dangerous). When the match is struck against the rubbing surface, some red phosphorus gets converted into white phosphorus. This immediately reacts with potassium chlorate in the matchstick head to produce enough heat to ignite antimony trisulphide and start the combustion.

Story of Dolly, the Clone: Cloning is the production of an exact copy of a cell, any other living part, or a complete organism. Cloning of an animal was successfully performed for the first time by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. They cloned successfully a sheep named Dolly. Dolly was born on 5th July 1996 and was the first mammal to be cloned.

adrenal glands secrete hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. Adrenals also produce the hormone adrenalin. It helps the body to adjust to stress when one is very angry, embarrassed or worried.

change from larva to adult is called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in insects is controlled by insect hormones. In a frog, it is controlled by thyroxine, the hormone produced by thyroid. Thyroxine production requires the presence of iodine in water. If the water in which the tadpoles are growing does not contain sufficient iodine, the tadpoles cannot become adults.

The fact is that sounds of frequencies less than about 20 vibrations per second (20 Hz) cannot be detected by the human ear. Such sounds are called inaudible. On the higher side, sounds of frequencies higher than about 20,000 vibrations per second (20 kHz) are also not audible to the human ear. Thus, for human ear, the range of audible frequencies is roughly from 20 to 20,000 Hz.

The power of an earthquake is expressed in terms of a magnitude on a scale called Richter scale. Really destructive earthquakes have magnitudes higher than 7 on the Richter scale. Both Bhuj and Kashmir earthquakes had magnitudes greater than 7.5.

One of the most famous constellations which you can see during summer time in the early part of the night is Ursa Major It is also known as the Big Dipper, the Great Bear or the Saptarshi. There are seven prominent stars in this constellation. It appears like a big ladle or a question mark. There are three stars in the handle of the ladle and four in its bowl

There is a large gap in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This gap is occupied by a large number of small objects that revolve around the Sun. These are called asteroids. Asteroids can only be seen through large telescopes.

Only on two days in a year, March 21 and September 23, the Sun rises exactly in the east. On all other days, the Sun rises either north of east or south of east. From summer solstice (around June 21) the point of sunrise gradually shift towards the south. The Sun is then said to be in dakshinayan (moving south). It keeps moving towards south till winter solstice (around December 22). Thereafter, the point of sunrise changes direction and starts moving towards north. The Sun is then said to be in uttarayan (moving north).

The best-known of these are the Chinese Buddhist pilgrims, Fa Xian, who came to the subcontinent about 1600 years ago, Xuan Zang (who came around 1400 years ago) and I-Qing, who came about 50 years after Xuan Zang.

The celsius scale was devised by a Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius in 1742. Strangely, he fixed the temperature of the boiling water as 0°C and of freezing water as 100°C. However, this order was reversed very soon.

An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. An earthquake of 2.0 or less can be felt only a little. An earthquake over 5.0 can cause damage from things falling. A 6.0 or higher magnitude is considered very strong and 7.0 is classified as a major earthquake. The highest waterfall is Angel Falls of Venezuela in South America. The other waterfalls are Niagara falls located on the border between Canada and USA in North America and Victoria Falls on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa. The most commonly used natural indicator is litmus. It is extracted from lichens. It has a mauve (purple) colour in distilled water. When added to an acidic solution, it turns red and when added to a basic solution, it turns blue.

The rain becomes acidic because carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (which are released into the air as pollutants) dissolve in rain drops to form carbonic acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. Acid rain can cause damage to buildings, historical monuments, plants and animals.

The sting of an ant contains formic acid. When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid into the skin. The effect of the sting can be neutralised by rubbing moist baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) or calamine solution, which contains zinc carbonate.

Each cell in our body contains an acid, the deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. It controls every feature of the body such as our looks, colour of our eyes, our height etc. Proteins that build part of our cells are also made of amino acids. The fats in our body contain fatty acids.

Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed

Salts and edible oils are the common chemicals generally used to check the growth of microorganisms. Therefore they are called preservatives. Sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulphite are common preservatives.

An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. An earthquake of 2.0 or less can be felt only a little. An earthquake over 5.0 can cause damage from things falling. A 6.0 or higher magnitude is considered very strong and 7.0 is classified as a major earthquake.

Properties such as shape, size, colour and state of a substance are called its physical properties. A change in which a substance undergoes a change in its physical properties is called a physical change. A physical change is generally reversible. In such a change no new substance is formed

SL NO12

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WORD WITH MEANING

Private: An activity or service that is organised by an individual or company for their own profit.Communicable diseases: These are diseases that are spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, food , air, etc.

OPD: This is the short form for ‘Out Patient Department’. This is where people are first brought in and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.Constituency: A particular area from which all the voters living there choose their representatives. This could be, for example, a panchayat ward or an area that chooses an MLA.Majority: This is a situation when more than half the number in a group supports a decision or an idea. This is also called a simple majority.

Press Conference: A gathering of journalists from the media who are invited to hear about and ask questions on a particular issue and are then expected to report on this to the larger public.A client is someone who is under the protection of another, a dependent or hanger-on.Alluvial deposits : These are very fine soils, brought by rivers and deposited in the river basins.Tributary : A river or stream which contributes its water to a main river by discharging it into main river from either sidea trifle: an object of little value

A data is a collection of numbers gathered to give some information.Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women, and include stories about gods.

Barter System: It is a trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money.

Violation: When someone forcefully breaks the law or a rule or openly shows disrespect, we can say that he or she has committed a violation.Sexual harassment: This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of a sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman.Terrarium: It is an artificial enclosure for keeping small house plants.Product: This refers to a thing or service that has been made for being sold in the market.Consumer: This refers to the person for whom the goods or products have been made and who pays money to buy and use them.

Lifestyle: In this chapter, this word refers to people’s lives being identified by the products they own, the clothes they wear, the places they eat in, etc.Emporium-A place where goods from diverse production centres are bought and sold.

Mall: This is an enclosed shopping space. This is usually a large building with many floors that has shops, restaurants and, at times, even a cinema theatre. These shops most often sell branded products.Wholesale: This refers to buying and selling in large quantities. Most products, including vegetables, fruits and flowers have special wholesale markets.Chain of markets: A series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because products pass from one market to another.Ginning mill: A factory where seeds are removed from cotton bolls. The cotton is pressed into bales to be sent for spinning into thread.Exporter: A person who sells goods abroad.Profit: The amount that is left or gained from earnings after deducting all the costs. If the costs are more than the earnings, it would lead to a loss.

Prejudice means to judge other people negatively or see them as inferiorA sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale

Public: An activity or service that is meant for all people in the country and is mainly organised by the government. This includes schools, hospitals, telephone services, etc. People can demand these services and also raise questions about their non-functioning.

Opposition: This refers to elected representatives who are not members of the ruling party and who play the role of questioning government decisions and actions as well as raise new issues for consideration in the Assembly.

Pilgrims are men and women who undertake journeys to holy places in order to offer worship

thread is separated into a few thinstrands

Ecosystem: It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material.

Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work, we create a stereotype. For example, in this chapter, we saw how boys and girls are made to take certain subjects not because he or she has an aptitude for it, but because they are either boys or girls. Stereotypes prevent us from looking at people as unique individuals.

Discrimination: When we do not treat people equally or with respect we are indulging in discrimination. It happens when people or organisations act on their prejudices. Discrimination usually takes place when we treat some one differently or make a distinction.

Brand: This refers to a special identification or name that is associated with a product. Such identification is created through the process of advertising.

Weekly market: These markets are not daily markets but are to be found at a particular place on one or maybe two days of the week. These markets most often sell everything that a household needs ranging from vegetables to clothes to utensils.

Arbitrary: When nothing is fixed and is instead left to one’s judgment or choice. This can be used to refer to rules that are not fixed, or decisions that have no basis etc.Ideal: A goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form.

Polity: A society that has an organised political structure. India is a democratic polity.Sovereign: In the context of this chapter it refers to an independent people.

Tyranny: The cruel and unjust use of power or authority.Coercion: To force someone to do something. In the context of this chapter, it refers to the force used by a legal authority like the State.

Intervene: In the context of this chapter, it refers to the State’s efforts to influence a particular matter in accordance with the principles of the Constitution.

Unresolved: Situations in which there are no easy solutions to problems.Criticise: To find fault with or disapprove of a person or thing. In the context of this chapter, it refers to citizens finding fault with the functioning of government.

Acquit: This refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which he/she was tried for by the court.To Appeal: In the context of this chapter this refers to a petition filed before a higher court to hear a case that has already been decided by a lower court.Compensation: In the context of this chapter this refers to money given to make amends for an injury or a loss.Eviction: In the context of this chapter this refers to the removal of persons from land/homes that they are currently living in.Violation: In the context of this chapter it refers both to the act of breaking a law as well as to the breach or infringement of Fundamental Rights.the four key players in the criminal justice system are the police, the Public Prosecutor, the defence lawyer and the judge.Accused: In the context of this chapter this refers to the person who is tried by a court for a crime.Cognizable: In the context of this chapter this refers to an offence for which the police may arrest a person without the permission of the court.

Cross-examine: In the context of this chapter this refers to the questioning of a witness who has already been examined by the opposing side in order to determine the veracity of his/her testimony.Detention: In the context of this chapter this refers to the act of being kept in illegal custody by the police.Impartial: The act of being fair or just and not favouring one side over another.Offence: Any act that the law defines as a crime.To be charged of a crime: This refers to the trial judge informing the accused, in writing, of the offence for which he/she will face trial.Witness: In the context of this chapter this refers to the person who is called upon in court to provide a first-hand account of what he/she has seen, heard or knows.

Ghettoisation: A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a situation.

Tributaries: These are small rivers that join the main river. The main river along with all its tributaries that drain an area form a river basin or the catchment area. The Amazon Basin is the largest river basin in the world.

Indian national movement: The Indian national movement emerged in nineteenthcentury India and saw thousands of men and women coming together to fight British rule. This culminated in India’s independence in 1947. You will learn about this in greater detail in your history textbook this year.

Trafficking: The practice of the illegal buying and selling of different commodities across national borders. In the context of Fundamental Rights discussed in this chapter, it refers to illegal trade in human beings, particularly women and children.

Freedom to interpret: The independence that all persons shall have to understand things in their own way. In the context of this chapter, it refers to a person’s liberty to develop their own understanding and meaning of the religion they practice.

Approval: To give one’s consent to and be favourable towards something. In the context of this chapter, it refers both to the formal consent (through elected representatives) that Parliament has as well as the fact that it needs to continue to enjoy the people’s trust.

Coalition: A temporary alliance of groups or parties. In this chapter, it refers to the alliance formed by political parties after elections when no party has been able to get adequate seats to form a clear majority.

Evolution: Process of development from a simple to a complex form and is often used to discuss the development of a species of plants or animals. In the context of this chapter it refers to the way in which protecting women against domestic violence developed from an urgently-felt need to a new law that can be enforced throughout the country.

Sedition: This applies to anything that the government might consider as stirring up resistance or rebellion against it. In such cases, the government does not need absolute evidence in order to arrest persons. Under the Sedition Act of 1870, the British had a very broad interpretation of what constituted sedition, and what this meant was that they could arrest and detain any person they wanted under this Act. The nationalists considered this law arbitrary because persons were arrested for a variety of reasons that were seldom clarified beforehand as well as because those arrested were often kept in jail without a trial.

Repressive: To control severely in order to prevent free and natural development or expression. In the context of this chapter it refers to laws that brutally control persons and often prevent them from exercising their Fundamental Rights including Right to Speech and Assembly.

Hierarchy: A graded system or arrangement of persons or things. Usually persons at the bottom of the hierarchy are those who have the least power. The caste system is a hierarchical system and Dalits are considered to be at the lowest end.

Displaced: In the context of this chapter this refers to people who are forced or compelled to move from their homes for big development projects including dams, mining etc.Militarised: An area where the presence of the armed forces is considerable.Malnourished: A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food.Assertive: An assertive person or group is one that can express themselves and their views strongly.Confront: To come face to face or to challenge someone or something. In the context of this chapter, this refers to groups challenging their marginalisation.Dispossessed: To possess is to own something and to be dispossessed is to have to give up ownership or to give up authority.Ostracise: This means to exclude or banish an individual or a group. In the context of this chapter, it refers to a social boycott of an individual and his family.

Basic needs: Primary requirements of food, water, shelter, sanitation, healthcare and education necessary for survival. Consumer: An individual who buys goods for personal use and not for resale.Producer: A person or organisation that produces goods for sale in the market. At times, the producer keeps a part of the produce for his own use, like a farmer. Investment: Money spent to purchase new machinery or buildings or training so as to be able to increase/ modernise production in the future.

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.manufacturing change raw materials into products of more value to people.Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

In another incident, on 23 December 2005, due to gas well blowout in Gao Qiao, Chongging, China, 243 people died, 9,000 were injured and 64,000 were evacuatedSmelting: It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting pointLife expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person can expect to live.Organic Farming: In this type of farming, organic manure and natural pesticides are used instead of chemicals. No genetic modification is done to increase the yield of the crop.

Rabi Crops : The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. Their time period is generally from October to March. Examples of rabi crops are wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.As a responsible citizen remember the 4 R principle. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover.metals produce ringing sounds, they are said to be sonorous.

some materials are hard, lustrous, malleable, ductile, sonorous and good conductors of heat and electricity. The materials which generally posses these properties are called metals.Metals like sodium and potassium are soft and can be cut with a knife. Mercury is the only metal which is found in liquid state at room temperature. These are exceptions.Inexhaustible Natural Resources: These resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities. Examples are: sunlight, air.

This may occur due to various social, cultural and economic reasons. Fear or hostility may also compel a community to group together as they feel more secure living amongst their own. Often a ‘ghettoised’ community has few options of moving out, which may lead to them becoming alienated from the rest of the society.

Mainstream: Literally this refers to the main current of a river or stream. In this chapter it is used to refer to a cultural context in which the customs and practices that are followed are those of the dominant community. In connection with this, mainstream is also used to refer to those people or communities that are considered to be at the centre of a society, i.e. often the powerful or dominant group.

Morally reprehensible: This refers to an act that violates all norms of decency and dignity that a society believes in. It usually refers to a hideous and repugnant act that goes against all the values that a society has accepted.

Policy: A stated course of action that provides direction for the future, sets goals to be achieved or lays out principles or guidelines to be followed and acted upon. In this chapter, we have referred to government policies. But other institutions like schools,companies, etc. also have policies.

Sanitation: Provision of facilities for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces. This is done by construction of toilets and pipes to carry the sewerage and treatment of waste water. This is necessary so as to avoid contamination.

Company: A company is a form of business set up by people or by the government. Those that are promoted and owned by individuals or groups are called private companies. For example, Tata Steel is a private company whereas Indian Oil is a company run by the government.

Universal access: Universal access is achieved when everyone has physical access to a good and can also afford it. For instance, a tap connection at home will allow physical access to water, and if the price of water is low or is provided free, everyone will be able to afford it.

Workers’ unions: An association of workers. Workers’ unions are common in factories and offices, but might be also found among other types of workers, say domestic workers’ unions. The leaders of the union bargain and negotiate with the employer on behalf of its members. The issues include wages, work rules, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits and workplace safety.

One of the worst industrial disasters of all time occurred in Bhopal on 3 December 1984 around 00:30 a.m. It was a technological accident in which highly poisonous Methyl Isocynate (MIC) gas along with Hydrogen Cyanide and other reaction products leaked out of the pesticide factory of Union Carbide. The official death toll was 3,598 in 1989.

Kharif Crops : The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops. The rainy season in India is generally from June to September. Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, cotton, etc., are kharif crops.

Sanctuary : Areas where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat.National Park : Areas reserved for wild life where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.Biosphere Reserve : Large areas of protected land for conservation of wild life, plant and animal resources and traditional life of the tribals living in the area.

Sal, teak, mango, jamun, silver ferns, arjun, etc are the flora and chinkara, blue-bull, barking deer, cheetal, leopard, wild dog, wolf, etc. are examples of the fauna of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in a particular area.

Exhaustible Natural Resources: The amount of these resources in nature is limited. They can be exhausted by human activities. Examples of these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.

Global warming is the rise in temperature of the atmosphere of the earth. This results, among other things, in the melting of polar glaciers, which leads to a rise in the sea level, causing floods in the coastal areas. Low lying coastal areas may even be permanently submerged under water.

Species is a group of populations which are capable of interbreeding. This means that the members of a species can reproduce fertile offspring only with the members of their own species and not with members of other species. Members of a species have common characteristics.

State of Motion: The state of motion of an object is described by its speed and the direction of motion. The state of rest is considered to be the state of zero speed. An object may be at rest or in motion; both are its states of motion

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FACTS

The process of transfering of charge from a charged object to the earth is called earthing. Earthing is provided in buildings to protect us from electrical shocks due to any leakage of electrical current.

Gene is a unit of inheritance in living organisms. It controls the transfer of a hereditary characteristic from parents to offspring. This means that your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you. If your father has brown eyes, you may also have brown eyes. If your mother has curly hair, you might also end up having curly hair. However, the different combination of genes from parents result in different characteristics.

in some women oviducts are blocked. These women are unable to bear babies because sperms cannot reach the egg for fertilization. In such cases, doctors collect freshly released egg and sperms and keep them together for a few hours for IVF or in vitro fertilization (fertilization outside the body). In case fertilization occurs, the zygote is allowed to develop for about a week and then it is placed in the mother’s uterus. Complete development takes place in the uterus and the baby is born like any other baby. Babies born through this technique are called test-tube babies. This term is actually misleading because babies cannot grow in test tubes.

An interesting organisation is observed in a honey bee hive, a colony of several thousand bees. Only one bee in the colony lays eggs. This bee is called the queen bee. All other female bees are worker bees. Their main job is to build the hive, look after the young and feed the queen bee adequately to keep her healthy so that she could lay eggs. A queen bee lays thousands of eggs. The fertilized eggs hatch into females, while the unfertilized eggs give rise to males, called drones. It is the job of the worker bees to maintain the temperature of the hive around 35ºC to incubate the eggs.

In females, the reproductive phase of life begins at puberty (10 to 12 years of age) and generally lasts till the age of approximately 45 to 50 years. The ova begin to mature with the onset of puberty. One ovum matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg, in case it is fertilised and begins to develop. This results in pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occur, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is called menstruation. Menstruation occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops. Stoppage of menstruation is termed menopause. Initially, menstrual cycle may be irregular. It take some time to become regular.

earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates, the boundaries of the plates are the weak zones where earthquakes are more likely to occur. The weak zones are also known as seismic or fault zones. In India, the areas most threatened are Kashmir, Western and Central Himalayas, the whole of North-East, Rann of Kutch, Rajasthan and the Indo – Gangetic Plane.

The Sun is nearly 150,000,000 kilometres (150 million km) away from the Earth. The next nearest star is Alpha Centauri. It is at a distance of about 40,000,000,000,000 km from the Earth. Can you read this distance in kilometres conveniently? Some stars are even further away. Such large distances are expressed in another unit known as light year. It is the distance travelled by light in one year. Remember that the speed of light is about 300,000 km per second. Thus, the distance of the Sun from the Earth may be said to be about 8 light minutes. The distance of Alpha Centauri is about 4.3 light years.

Till 2006 there were nine planets in the solar system. Pluto was the farthest planet from the Sun. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) adopted a new definition of a planet. Pluto does not fit this definition. It is no longer a planet of the solar system

At night, when the sky is clear and the moon is not there, you may sometimes see bright streaks of light in the sky. These are commonly known as shooting stars, although they are not stars. They are called meteors. A meteor is usually a small object that occasionally enters the earth’s atmosphere. At that time it has a very high speed. The friction due to the atmosphere heats it up. It glows and evaporates quickly. That is why the bright steak lasts for a very short time. Some meteors are large so that they can reach the Earth before they evaporate completely. The body that reaches the Earth is called a meteorite

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide gases react with the water vapour present in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The acids drop down with rain, making the rain acidic. This is called acid rain. Acid rain corrodes the marble of the monument. The phenomenon is also called “Marble cancer”.