WOMEN OF THE SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

Wife of 2nd Pres. John Adams, Mother of 6 th Pres. John Q. Adams

Believed in equal rights for men and women including: Education Legal Rights Political Rights

Still felt a woman's role was in domestic work

Supported Abolition

ABIGAIL ADAMS (1744-1818)

Letter to husband John Adams on March 31, 1776.“I long to hear that you have declared an independancy-

and by the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. If perticuliar care and attention is not paid to the Laidies we are determined to foment a Rebelion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.”

Property RightsEducationLegal Reforms

REMEMBER THE LADIES

ABOLITION & SUFFRAGE

Born a Slave“There is a great stir

about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women . . . And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.”

SOJOURNER TRUTH, (1797-1883)

SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATIONS

NWSA: National Women's Suffrage Association. Militant group addressed voting as well as other women’s issues.

AWSA: American Women's Suffrage Association. This group addressed only voting.

(Together they formed) NAWSA: National American Women's Suffrage Association.

Abolitionist Supported Temperance Quaker Minster Close Friends with Elizabeth

Cady Stanton Both attended the World

Anti-Slavery Convention in London 1848 Couldn't Speak

Came back to US and held Seneca Falls Convention

American Equal Rights Association – Pres.

NWSA + AWSA (American/National Woman Suff rage Association)= NAWSA

LUCRETIA MOTT (1793-1880)

AbolitionistPublished “The

Revolution” – A weekly women’s suff rage paper "Men their rights and nothing

more, women their rights and nothing less.”

November 5, 1872 – Arrested for Voting Felt 14 th Amendment gave

women right to vote Arrested women and ballot

inspectors Was unable to testify on her

own defense "She is not a competent as a

witness on her own behalf."

SUSAN B. ANTHONY (1820-1906)

Helped Plan the Seneca Falls Convention

Drafted the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

Advocated for Temperance Divorce laws

1866 – 1st woman to run for Congress

VP – American Equal Rights Association

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON (1815-1902)

1st National Women’s Rights Convention

300 people attended, 40 men

Only 1 was alive in 1920

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions 100 women signed it Did not include the

right to vote

SENECA FALLS CONVENTION

Independence We hold these truths to be self-

evident, that al l men are created equal , that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unal ienable Rights, that among these are Li fe, L iberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these r ights, Governments are inst i tuted among Men , der iv ing their just powers from the consent of the governed, - -That whenever any Form of Government becomes destruct ive of these ends, i t is the Right of the People to alter or to abol ish i t , and to inst i tute new Government, laying i ts foundation on such pr inciples and organizing i ts powers in such form, as to them shal l seem most l ikely to eff ect their Safety and Happiness.

Sentiments and Resolutions

We hold these truths to be sel f-evident: that a l l men and women are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certa in inal ienable r ights; that among these are l i fe , l iberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these r ights governments are inst i tuted, der iv ing their just powers f rom the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of Government becomes destruct ive of these ends , i t is the r ight of those who suff er f rom i t to refuse a l legiance to i t , and to ins ist upon the inst i tut ion of a new government, laying i ts foundation on such pr inc ip les, and organiz ing i ts powers in such form as to them shal l seem most l ike ly to eff ect their safety and happiness.

DECLARATION OF…

Suffrage in America, 1916:White= full suffrageDotted= federal suffrageBlack= no suffrage

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE IN US - 1915

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE YEAR

Age 13 – Dad voted

Paid her way through college by teaching

National American Woman Suffrage AssociationSupported state-by-state suffrage

CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT (1859-1947)

Quaker born founder/ leader of the Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage (CUWS) and later, the National Women’s Party. These part ies advocated the use of picketing and hunger str ikes.

Ph. D from University of Pennsylvania in Social Work 1912.

Law degree from Washington College of Law in 1922.

Established the Congressional Union for Woman Suff rage (CUWS) Wanted constitutional Amendment

ALICE PAUL (1885-1977)

Peaceful Protest in front of White House Jan- July 1917

Arrested 3 times Arrested for “obstructing sidewalk

traffi c” Sentenced to 7 Months Force Fed – 3 times a day for 3 weeks Wilson supported the 19 t h Amendment on

Jan. 18, 1918

WOODROW WILSON V. ALICE PAUL

THE ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST SUFFRAGE.

Women pay taxes and should have representation in government.

Women obey and live by laws they do not make.

Women have experience that will help in legislation. (Women will support fair laws in the workplace and for children.)

Voting would increase sense of responsibility.

Mothers who vote will have sons and daughters who vote. (Increased citizenship)

No reasonable argument to the contrary.

Women are represented by their husbands and sons.

It would “double the ignorant/foreign vote”.

Women could not vote without neglecting her other duties.

If can vote then they would be able to hold office.

It will lead to family quarrels and increase divorce.

It will destroy chivalry.Women are too emotional.Voting results won’t change..

Why double the vote?Suffragism is a branch of

feminism.. Which promotes free love.

Distraction from war (1914-1918)

Need 2/3 of each Chamber Passed through house – 304 to 89 Passed through senate – 56 to 25

Need 3/4 of states (36) in order to ratify the amendment

August 18, 1920 – only 35 statesYellow and Red RosesRep. Banks Turner – Switched to tie 48-48Harry Burn – Mom: Febb"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any

State on account of sex.”“Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."

19TH AMENDMENT

FEDERAL LAWS THAT CAME AS RESULT OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.

Prohibit ion (Drinking laws) Making mother joint guardians with the fathers over their children.

(equal parenting rights) Raising the age of protection of young girls to 18. ( age of consent

laws) Establishing a juvenile court; making parents responsible for the

offenses of delinquent children, when they have by neglect or any other cause contributed to such delinquency. (age when considered adults)

Forbidding the employment of children in certain industries. ( Child Labor Laws)

Making the wife the head of the family in cases where she provides the principal support. (Women’s Legal/Property Rights)

Compell ing men to support their families and making wife-desertion a felony. (Child Support Laws)

Providing penalt ies for the punishment of male and female procurers/pimps (Sex trade laws).

Making it a felony for any person under 18 to work as a servant or employee in any house of i l l-fame.

FEDERAL LAWS THAT CAME AS RESULT OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE.

Making immoral sol ic i tat ion a felony. Imposing heavy penalt ies upon men for l iv ing upon the earnings of

immoral women. Establ ishing a State home for dependent chi ldren, two of the f ive

members of the board to be women. Providing for the care of the feeble-minded. ( Care of mental ly i l l laws ) Prohibi t ing the gi f t or sale of c igarettes to chi ldren. ( Tobacco

Laws/Drinking Age) Prohibi t ing the sale of opium. Making employers l iable for industr ial accidents. ( Workman’s

Comp/Workplace laws) Establ ishing the indeterminate sentence for prisoners. ( Li fe

imprisonment) Making the Colorado Humane Society a State bureau of chi ld and animal

protect ion. (Animal Rights) Providing for the teaching of humanity to animals in the publ ic schools. Establ ishing mothers pensions. Creating a minimum wage board to determine minimum wage for women.

(minimum wage) Establ ishing an eight-hour law for women. Providing for the ini t iat ive, referendum, recal l , and for direct primaries.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS: THEN & NOW

“Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”Written in 1923 by Alice PaulPassed both houses in 1972Did not get the required number of

ratificationsNever Adopted

EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT

IN-CLASS RESPONSE

DO YOU THINK AMERICA IS READY FOR A FEMALE PRESIDENT?

WHY HAVEN’T WE HAD ONE YET?WOULD A WOMAN MAKE A “GOOD” PRESIDENT?

At Least 6 Sentences.