Women in European History. 15 th – 17 th Centuries Renaissance Reformation.
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Transcript of Women in European History. 15 th – 17 th Centuries Renaissance Reformation.
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Women in European History
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15th – 17th Centuries
RenaissanceReformation
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Renaissance
MarriageSocial classImportant rulersWitches
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Marriage & Family
Nuclear familyEconomic foundationAge – under 20, men – mid to late 20sInfanticideDivorce was very limitedSexual double standardMore prostitution
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Social Class
Wealthy womenIncreased access to educationOrnaments to husbands
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Important Women
Isabella I Mary TudorElizabeth I Catherine de MediciChristine de PisanIsabella d’Este
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Witches
1484 – officially made witchcraft part of Church dogmaOlder women, mid-wives, single
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Reformation
Protestant v Catholic
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Protestant
HomemakerCompanionate marriageIncreased literacySex is good in marriage
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Catholic
Women had opportunities in religious ordersNo divorce
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18th Century
Agricultural RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionEnlightenmentFrench Revolution
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Agricultural Revolution Effects
Enclosure movementGrowth of cottage industryurbanization-domestic work, prostitution, autonomy
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Industrial Revolution
Factory workFamily wage economy
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Marriage & Family
Based more on loveAge – late 20sGrowing pop of single middle class womenChildcare – nurture/spoilSmaller familiesIncrease in illegitimate births
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Enlightenment
Decrease in witch huntsOrganized salonsDifficulty embracing enlightenment ideology for women’s freedom
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French Revolution
Bread riots (March on Versailles)Olympe de Gouges, The Rights of WomenMary Wollstonecraft, A vindication of theh Rights of WomanParticipation with sans-culottes
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Napoleonic France
Women viewed as legal incompetentsFew rightsPatriarchal political system
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19th Century
Marriage & FamilySocial roles
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Marriage & Family
Romantic love idealSmall family, loving relationship with kidsMiddle class more aware economicallyIllegitimacy declinedMiddle class more dependent on parents
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Social Roles
Spheres of work separated for men and womenVictorian ideal of domesticityWorking class – most worked outside homeMiddle class – organizing for women’s rightsMarxism – women are equally oppressed
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Socialism and women
Catholic orders organized schools and hospitalsTemperanceEducationPeace
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20th Century
Legal right to wages and propertyLegal right to work without husband’s permissionSome countries legalized divorceWomen’s suffrage (WWI)Fascist nations – traditional rolesPostwar – restricted in employment