1WMO: Climate and Water Department www.apfm.info

WMO

Training Workshop on Integrated Flood Managementfor countries in Western Asia and the Arab region

Integrated Flood Management Integrated Flood Management As a Development PolicyAs a Development Policy

11-14 May 2009, Esteghlal Hotel, Tehran, Iran

AVINASH TYAGIAVINASH TYAGIDirector, Climate and WaterDirector, Climate and Water

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Sustainable Development

Development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.”

In the flood management context mainly on the viability of floodplain use in the long term

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Flood Management in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management, aiming at:

– Sustainable development: balancing development needs and flood risks

– Maximizing net benefits from floodplains: ensure livelihood security and poverty alleviation thereby addressing vulnerability

– Minimizing loss of life: in particular through end-to-end FF&W Systems and preparedness planning for extreme events

– Environmental preservation: ecosystem health & services

Integrated Flood Management Integrated Flood Management

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Integrated Flood Management

Integrated Flood Management (IFM) refers to the integration of land and water management in a river basin using a combination of measures that focus on coping with floods within a framework of IWRM and adopting risk management principles while recognizing that floods have beneficial impacts and can never be fully controlled.

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Recognition that a river basin is a dynamic system with many interactions/fluxes between land and water bodies

Characteristics of IFM

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Characteristics of IFM

Linkages between upstream changesand downstream effects and vice-versa

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Land use plans and water management to be combined in synthesized plan through co-ordination between land management and water management authorities

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What is flood risk?

• Probability x Consequence• Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

• Example floods:– Hazard: probability of a particular discharge

or water level at a particular place– Exposure: Land and assets in the inundation

area of that flood– Vulnerability: ability/disability of the people or

assets to withstand, cope with or recover from the negative effects of that flood

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Measures for Risk Reduction

Reduce hazard Reduce Exposure Reduce Vulnerability Retaining water where it falls

(increasing infiltration, rooftop storing)

Retention basins (natural wet lands or depressions, man made e.g., school play grounds, household underground tanks

Dams and reservoirs Diversion channel Land use management (e.g.,

house building codes in urban areas, infrastructure building practices, appropriate landscape planning)

Structural measures on the river (Dykes, river training work such as channelization, flood walls, raised infrastructures such as roads and railways)

Structural and non-structural measures/actions by individual (flood proofing)

Land regulation Flood emergency measures (flood

warning and evacuation)

Physical: by improving the infrastructure, well-being, occupational opportunities and living environment

Constitutional: by facilitating equal participation opportunities, education and awareness, providing adequate skills and social support system

Motivational: by building awareness and facilitating self organisation

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Risk Management

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

• Mitigation and Preparedness

• Response• Recovery and

rehabilitation• Residual risks

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Risk ManagementWater Cycle as a whole

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

– Flood and drought management– Effective use of flood waters– Ground water and surface water

interaction in flood plains

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Risk ManagementWater Cycle as a wholeMulti-hazard approach

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

– Particularly within a basin where there is interaction between various hazard development mechanisms

– Cross-sectoral integration of disaster management strategies

– Disaster risk assessment– Early warning and forecasts

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Risk ManagementWater Cycle as a wholeMulti-hazard approachRiver basin as a planning unit

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

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Risk ManagementWater Cycle as a wholeMulti-hazard approachRiver basin as a planning unit

Inter-disciplinary

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

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Risk ManagementWater Cycle as a wholeMulti-hazard approachRiver basin as a planning unit

Inter-disciplinaryStakeholders participation

IFM: PrinciplesIFM: Principles

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CreatorsAdvisors

Reviewers

Observers

Unsurprised Apathetic

1DM23456

CreatorsAdvisors

Reviewers

Observers

Unsurprised Apathetic

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IFM:IFM: Adaptive Management Adaptive Management

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with a multidisciplinary approach– Appropriate Institutional structures for proper

coordination and linkages;– Enabling participatory processes; and– Information management and exchange mechanisms.

Requirements of IFMRequirements of IFM

Clear and objective policiesClear and objective policies• Comprehensive assessment and understanding of development opportunities and flood risks;• Multi-sectoral approach to reach the objectives;• Appropriate legislation and regulations; and• Innovative economic instruments.

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National Development PolicyNational Development Policy

• Natural resources management (including water resources for domestic, agriculture, fishery, and industry

• Land use management (agriculture, industry, dwelling, urban development, etc)

• Environmental management (conservation and modification)

• Risk management policies, and

• Social development issues (living conditions, level of poverty, equity and fairness principles)

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National Flood Management Policy:The vision

• Why flood management needs to be improved;• How risks due to floods are to be mitigated while

making use of floodplains; and• When specific goals would be achieved.

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National Flood Management Policy

• What role do the flood plains play in the economy of the country/region?

• What issues in National development vision/policy have relevance to the condition of floods or flooding and its management?

• How flood management can contribute to the national development?

• How flood risks can be appropriately factored in national development planning?

• How national development vision/policy should be aligned to the existing and future flood risks?

• How flood risks are shared between federal, state, and local governments on one hand and the individual on the other?

• What role do the different institutions play in flood management?

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Urban Flood ManagementIntegrated with River Flood Management

LAND USE PLANNING

Storm Water Management

Plans

BasinFlood Management

Plans

Principales

Plans

Concepts

Risk ManagementSustainable Urban Drainage Systems

Total Water Cycle Management

Integrated Flood Management

IWRM Plans

SPATIAL PLANNING

Coastal Zone Management

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Basin flood management vision

and policy

Flood risk assessment

Identification and selection of options to

reduce flood risks

Setting target for basin flood management plan

Project implementation plan

Basin Flood Management Plan

Survey and AnalysisHydrological, meteorological, geomorphologic data, environmental dataSocial and economical data

↓Hydro meteorological analysisHydraulic analysis Damage analysis

National development vision/policy

National flood management vision/policy

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)Social Impact AssessmentEconomic analysis

Monitoring

Beneficial and negative impacts of floodingRole of flooding in social, economic conditionLand use

Flood Management

Planning Process

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• Through climate change and the effects of e.g… - changes in the hydrological cycle and water balance - sea level rise - increased water temperatures

• Through increased climate variability in the form of more serious and frequent extremes, such as floods and droughts

Global warming …….will hit through water

Source:TJK

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Extreme Weather and Climate Events in IPCC AR4

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Hazards

– Floods– Droughts– Flow regime changes

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Vulnerability of coastal deltas (IPCC 2007)

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Policy Robustness Indicators

Affected parameters in relation to water

Snow cover storage, seasonality of flows

Evapotranspiration, Freshwater availability

Evapotranspiration freshwater & coolingwater availability

Streamflow, flood frequency, sediment transport, slope stability

Freshwater availability

Stormsurge frequency

IFM Policy Principles conducive to sustainable adaptation policies

-Balanced outlook on technical storage options including linkages to energy production and greenhouse gas emmissions

- Combined flood and drought management plans, IWRM as framing concept

- Food security and livelihood focus

- Managing all floods (smaller and extremes, riverine and coastal)

- Flood Risk Management and multihazard outlook

- Productive use of flood waters

- Best mix of structural and non-structural options

-Participatory and river basin approach

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World Climate Conference-3Better climate information for a better future

Towards a Global Framework for Climate Information

Geneva, Switzerland

31 August–4 September 2009

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

28Flood Hazard MappingFlood Hazard Mapping

Basin PlanningBasin Planning

Flood Proofing Flood Proofing and and

Building CodesBuilding Codes