Wisconsin Fast Wisconsin Fast PlantsPlantsLesson 5Lesson 5

1. General Information1. General Information

A.A. Life cycle lasts 35-40 daysLife cycle lasts 35-40 daysB.B. Cycle is from seedling to new Cycle is from seedling to new

generation seedlinggeneration seedlingC.C. Let us take a look at the 1Let us take a look at the 1stst 28 days of 28 days of

the fast plant cyclethe fast plant cycleD.D. Needs a constant source of Needs a constant source of bright lightbright light

1.1. The tips must be within The tips must be within 5 cm5 cm of the light of the light source to be effective.source to be effective.

2. Flowering 2. Flowering

A.A. Occurs Occurs 13 days13 days after germination after germination

B.B. GerminationGermination: process in which a seed : process in which a seed or spore or spore emerges from a period of emerges from a period of dormancydormancy – it sprouts – it sprouts

C.C. Seeds are harvested Seeds are harvested 20-25 days20-25 days after after pollinationpollination

D.D. HarvestedHarvested: full growth: full growth

3. Genetics3. Genetics

A.A. Anthocyanin: purple pigment of fast Anthocyanin: purple pigment of fast plant plant

B.B. Color seen in the leaves and stemsColor seen in the leaves and stemsC.C. Triggered by sunlightTriggered by sunlightD.D. Dominant genetic traitDominant genetic trait

1.1. Dominant: capital letter; ex “P” – means Dominant: capital letter; ex “P” – means you see the traityou see the trait

2.2. Recessive: lowercase letter; ex “p” – Recessive: lowercase letter; ex “p” – means you do not see the traitmeans you do not see the trait

4. Seeds4. Seeds

A.A. MonocotsMonocots1.1. Grasses (corn, rye) & grains (rice, wheat)Grasses (corn, rye) & grains (rice, wheat)

2.2. Protective seed coatProtective seed coat

3.3. 1 cotyledon: seed leaf in embryo1 cotyledon: seed leaf in embryo

4.4. Endosperm surrounds embryoEndosperm surrounds embryoa)a) Endosperm – food storing tissueEndosperm – food storing tissue

5.5. Cotyledon stays below ground when seed sproutsCotyledon stays below ground when seed sproutsa)a) Absorbs nutrients from endospermAbsorbs nutrients from endosperm

b)b) Transports nutrients to seedlingTransports nutrients to seedling

B. DicotsB. Dicots1.1. Beans, peanuts, peas, apples, broccoli; Beans, peanuts, peas, apples, broccoli;

shrubs; treesshrubs; trees

2.2. Protected by seed coatProtected by seed coat

3.3. 2 cotyledons2 cotyledons

4.4. At full growth, cotyledons emerge from soilAt full growth, cotyledons emerge from soil

5.5. Seeds separate into two halves; monocots Seeds separate into two halves; monocots do notdo not

5. Roots5. Roots

A.A. Monocots: fibrous roots - spread and Monocots: fibrous roots - spread and branch out under groundbranch out under ground

1.1. Anchor plantAnchor plant

B.B. Dicots: 1 long, thick root (taproot)Dicots: 1 long, thick root (taproot)1.1. Small, secondary roots grow from taprootSmall, secondary roots grow from taproot

6. Stems6. Stems

A.A. Tubes that carry food downward and Tubes that carry food downward and water and nutrients upward in a plantwater and nutrients upward in a plant

B.B. Monocots: scattered throughout stemsMonocots: scattered throughout stems1.1. no patternno pattern

C.C. Dicots: tubes arranged in a ring around Dicots: tubes arranged in a ring around center of stemcenter of stem

7. Leaves7. Leaves

A.A. Monocots: parallel veinsMonocots: parallel veins

B.B. Dicots: veins intersect forming Dicots: veins intersect forming branching patternbranching pattern

8. Flowers8. Flowers

A.A. Monocots: flower parts in multiples of 3Monocots: flower parts in multiples of 31.1. Ex: 3 pedals, 3 sepals, 6 stamensEx: 3 pedals, 3 sepals, 6 stamens

2.2. Ex: Lilies, Spiderwort, Dayflower, BambooEx: Lilies, Spiderwort, Dayflower, Bamboo

B.B. Dicots: Flower parts varied; multiples of Dicots: Flower parts varied; multiples of 2, 4 or 52, 4 or 5

1.1. Ex: Rose, Bellflower, Fast Plant, Calendula Ex: Rose, Bellflower, Fast Plant, Calendula PlantPlant