Wireless Engineers in the Radio World
Transcript of Wireless Engineers in the Radio World
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February 23, 2006
THE Wireless ENGINEER
IN THE RADIO WORLD
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
PREPARED BY :
Efosa Aigbe
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Part I - Content
Basics
Basic Building Blocks of an RF System
RF Parameters and RF MeasurementEquipment
Support / getting started
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Basic Building Blocks of an RF System
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dBm to Watt
About dBm and W Voltage Ratio aV = 20 log (P2/P1) [aV] = dB Power Ratio aP = 10 log (P2/P1) [aP] = dB Voltage Level V = 20 log (V/1V) [V] = dBV Power Level P = 10 log (P/1mW) [P] = dBm e.g. 25mW max. allowed radiated power in the
EU SRD band>> P = 10 log (25mW/1mW) = 10 * 1,39794dBm >> 14 dBm
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See http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=98For Nigerias Spectrum allocation.
http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=98http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=98http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=98http://www.ncc.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84&Itemid=98 -
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RF Communication Systems
Simplex RF System
* A radio technology that allows only one-way communication from a
transmitter to a receiver
* Examples: FM radio, Pagers, TV, One-way AMR systems
Half-duplex RF Systems
Operation mode of a radio
communication system in which each
end cantransmit and receive, but not
simultaneously.
Note: The communication is
bidirectional over the same frequency,
but
unidirectional for the duration of amessage. The devices need to be
transceivers. Applies to most TDD and
TDMA systems.
Examples: Walkie-talkie, wireless
keyboard mouse
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Full-duplex RF SystemsRadio systems in which each end can transmit and receive simultaneously
Typically two frequencies are used to set up the communicationchannel.
Each frequency is used solely for either transmitting or receiving.
Applies to Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems.
Example: Cellular phones, satellite communication
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Wireless Communication Systems
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Modulation and Demodulation
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Modulation Methods
Starting point:
we have a low frequency signal and wantto send it at a high frequency
Modulation: The process ofsuperimposing a low frequencysignal onto a high frequency signal
Three modulation schemes available:
1. Amplitude Modulation (AM): theamplitude of the carrier varies inaccordance to the informationsignal
2. Frequency Modulation (FM): thefrequency of the carrier varies inaccordance to the information signal
3. Phase Modulation (PM): the phase ofthe carrier varies in accordance tothe information signal.
Digital Modulation
Modulation of digital signals isknown as Shift Keying
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK):
Pros: simple
Cons: susceptible to noise
Example: Many legacy wireless
systems, e.g. AMR
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Frequency Shift Keying (FSK):
Pros: less susceptible to noise
Cons: theoretically requires larger
bandwidth/bit than ASK
Popular in modern systems
Gaussian FSK (GFSK), e.g. used in
Bluetooth, has better spectral density
than 2-FSK modulation, i.e. more
bandwidth efficient
Digital Modulation
Phase Shift Keying (PSK):
Pros: Less susceptible to noise
Bandwidth efficient
Cons:
Require synchronization in frequency
and phase: complicates
receivers and transmitter Example: IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee
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Basic Building Blocks of an RF System
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Extending the Range of an RF System
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RF Parameters and RF MeasurementEquipment
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Part 2
RF Planning and Optimization
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Radio network optimization indicates the activities that you
collect and analyze the data of the running network or thenetwork to be put in to operation, and to check the causes
for affecting the network operation quality.
Radio network optimization pursues
Cost-effective use of network resources
Improves the quality of service (QoS) to an utmost
extent
Accumulates the basis and experience for the future
network expansion.
Radio Network Optimization
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Points to Note in RNO
Start Conditions of Network Optimization
Input and Output of Network Optimization
Process of Network Optimization
Process of Radio Network Optimization
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Start Conditions of Network Optimization
Radio network optimization can be started in
the following conditions:
After the network is put into operation or after the network is
expanded.- monitor the overall performance of the network
-Supplement and modify the aspects necessary to improve
network.
When the radio network quality is deteriorated.
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Input and Output of Network
Optimization
Before starting radio network optimization, make the
following documents ready:
Radio network planning report
Engineering parameter table Cell parameter table
Other information about the existing network (traffic
statistics, alarms, subscriberbcomplaints, andhistorical optimization records)
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Input and Output of Network
Optimization
After radio network optimization, write out the
following documents.
Radio network acceptance report
Radio network optimization report Engineering parameter table and engineering
parameter optimization record
Cell parameter table and cell parameteroptimization record
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Process of Network Optimization
The overall network optimization process
consists
Preparations for network optimization
Single site verification RF optimization
Service optimization
Network acceptance
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Process of Network Optimization
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Process of Network Optimization
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Process of Radio Network
Optimization
Network optimization is performed based on
A clear objective
In the guideline of specific process to collect
and analyze current network data
And to give corresponding optimizationsolutions.
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Process of Radio Network
Optimization
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Process of Radio Network
Optimization
The following data is collected as the basis for radio
network optimization
System parameters
Traffic statistics data Network simulation result
Alarms on the maintenance console
Subscriber complaint records
Signaling data
DT data
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What do we do?
Modify the parameters and use other physical
methods, to ensure that the network
performance and resources are optimized and
we provide appropriate suggestions for future
network maintenance and planning.
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What is our Focus?
We focus on these Key Performance Index (KPIs)
Accessibility
Retainability
Mobility
Traffic
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Credits
Texas Instruments
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Thank You !