Wireframe and Surface Design Fundamentals

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Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 1

Wireframe andSurface Design

Fundamentals

CATIA Training

Foils

Version 5 Release 8

January 2002

EDU-CAT-E-WFS-FF-V5R8




Course Presentation

Objectives of the courseIn this course you will see how to create wireframe construction elements and enrichexisting 3D mechanical part design with wireframe and basic surface features.

Targeted audienceNew CATIA V5 users

Prerequisites

Part Design, Sketcher1 day




Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Wireframe and Surface Design p.6

2. Creating Wireframe Geometry p.12

Creating Points in 3D p.13Creating Lines in 3D p.21

Creating Planes p.29

Creating Curves in 3D p.39

3. Creating Basic Surfaces p.67

Creating a Surface from a Profile p.68

Creating a Spherical Surface p.72

Creating a Swept Surface p.74

Creating a Surface from another Surface p.80

Creating a Surface from Boundaries p.85




Table of Contents

4. Performing Operations on the Geometry p.117

Joining Elements p.118

Healing Elements p.123Restoring Elements p.126

Disassembling Elements p.128

Splitting Elements p.130

Trimming Elements p.136

Creating Elements from Surfaces p.141

Transforming Elements p.146Extrapolating Elements p.158

Creating a Near Element p.164

Creating Patterns p.170

5. Completing the Geometry in Part Design p.176

6. Modifying the Geometry p.184


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Table of Contents

7. Using Tools p.189

Stacking Command p.190

Manipulating Elements p.197Creating Datum Features p.203

Working on Support p.208

Updating a Part p.215

Managing Open-Bodies p.219

Checking Connections between Elements p.225



Introduction to Wireframe and Surface Design

You wil l b ecome fam il iar w ith the Wireframe

and Surface Design w orkb ench

Accessing the Wireframe and Surface Design WorkbenchWireframe and Surface Design Workbench User Interface

Wireframe and Surface Design Workbench Terminology

Wireframe and Surface Design Workbench General Process



Accessing the Workbench (1/2)

To access the Wireframe and Surface Design Workbench

start CATIA, then select the Start menu choosing

Mechanical Design and Wireframe and Surface Design.Wireframe and Surface

Design Workbench

icon

The first time you access the

Wireframe and Surface Design

Workbench, an Open body.1 is

created which contains geometric

elements.



Accessing the Workbench (2/2)

Once you are in the Wireframe and Surface Design

workbench the associated toolbars are displayed :

Wireframe Geometry Surface elements

Operations and

Transformations

Tools

Replication Tools



You can work in 2D

using the Sketcher

The User Interface (1/2) You are in the Wireframe and

Surface Design Workbench

Operations on

wireframe elements

and surfaces

Part tree

You are creating elements

in an Open body.

Wireframe and

surface

features

Standard tools

Tools are provided

in 6 toolbars.



The User Interface (2/2) You also have access to the Wireframe and

Surface Design tools through the menus.



Part2 is a combination of PartBody

and Open Body that means:

• PartBody contains the features

used to create a solid

• Open body.1 contains the features

used to create surface elements.

It includes wireframe elements,

sketch, etc...

When you enter the Wireframe and

Surface Design workbench an Open

body is activated or created to

contain wireframe and surfaceelements.

At any time you can insert an Open body to

create wireframe and surface elements.

Terminology

When you are in the Part Design workbenchand you want to create Reference Elements

as points, planes, lines, an Open body is

automatically created inside PartBody to

contain these elements.



Creating Wireframe Geometry

You w il l become fam il iar with the creat ion of

wireframe geometr ic elements

Creating Points in 3D

Creating Lines in 3D

Creating Planes in 3DCreating Curves in 3D



You wil l learn the dif ferent w ays to create points in 3D

Creating Points in 3D



What about points ? - A point can be defined by its coordinates from a reference

point (origin or selected point).

- A point can be defined with respect to an element.

Default color codes for points:

. Blue for point or projection of

point in creation

. White when created

. Green for reference

To support creation of all geometrical elements and to

use them as reference for any creation.

Why Do You Need Points ?

Coordinates

On plane

Between

On curve

You can edit any type of point by double-clicking on its

identifier in the tree or on the geometry. You will then

change its specifications in the Point Definition box.

In some cases you can reverse

the direction of creation of the

point, clicking either the red

arrow on point or the Reverse

Direction button in the Point

Definition box.

Identification in tree




The Point Definition dialog box offers

you various methods to create points.

1 Click on Point Icon

2

Select one of these Point type options.

3 Enter point specificationsin the Point Definition

box and confirm.

Let ’s see now the different ways to create points ...

The dialog box contentschanges according to the

selected Point Type option.

Creating Points…




1

2 Enter the coordinates of the point.

Creating a Point Giving its Coordinates

3 Click OK to confirm point creation.

2+ Select the reference point if you want

it different from the origin point.

Origin point

(0,0,0)

Reference point

Created point




1

2 Select the curve on which the point will be created.

• If you do not select a reference point the default one

will be the curve extremity.

• If the reference point you select is not on the curve it

will be projected normally onto the curve.

3 Enter point specifications.

Reference

Point.2

Creating a Point on a Curve (1/3)

Distance to

reference = 50

Extremity

Point.1

ExtremityPoint.3

Created

Point.4

If you click on one of these

buttons you directly create a

point on the nearest extremity orat the middle of the curve.

Curve

Geodesic

Euclidean




4

5


If you want to create several points on the selected

curve check the option Repeat object after OK .

Click OK to continue.

The created point is defined as an Object, i.e.

the reference for creating the other points.

6.1 Define the number of points to be created.

• If no reference is selected for the Object point the

default second point is the nearest extremity of the

curve. In that case the arrow located on the Object

point can be inverted to choose on which side of

the curve the points will be created.

• If a reference is defined for the Object point the

second point is identical to the reference point.

You can create

automatically the

planes normal to

the curve at each

created point.

The point instances

are grouped in a new

Open Body (unless

you uncheck the

option).






6.2 You can also choose to define the number of points

to be created and the spacing between the points.

Reference

Point.2 Object

Point.4

Repeated Point.5

and Point.6

C ti P i t S f




1

2 Select the surface on which the point will be created and enter point specifications.

• If you do not select a reference point, the

default one will be the surface center.

• If the reference point you select is not on the

surface, it will be projected onto the plane.

Created

Point.5

Distance = 50‘Components’ means direction from the

reference point to the created point.

You can choose another direction by

selecting a line or a plane to get its normal.

Creating a Point on a Surface

Reference

Point.3


C ti Li i 3D




You w il l learn th e dif ferent ways to c reate lines in 3D

Creating Lines in 3D

• Line between two points

• Line from a point and a direct ion

• Line w ith a cur ve as reference

• Line tangent to a curve

• Line no rmal to a surface

• Bisect ing Line

Wh D Y N d Li ?




What about lines ?A line can be created:

• from points or vertices*

• on a curve

• on a support

* Vertices are visible neither inthe tree nor in the geometry ;

they are auto-detected and

selectable when passing the

mouse over them.

You can use lines as guide, reference, axis, direction or join to create other geometric elements.

Why Do You Need Lines ?


You can edit any type of line by double-clicking on its

identifier in the tree or on the geometry. You will then

change its specifications in the Line Definition box.

Point-

Direction

Angle/Normal

to curve

Tangent tocurve

Normal to

surface

Point-Point

This option allows

you to create the line

on a support surface.

What about Lines ?






line, clicking either the red

arrow on line origin or the

Reverse Direction button in the

Line Definition box.

What about Lines ?

Line origin

Graphicmanipulators

Modification of line parameters (length, orientation)

You can modify the line length

keying in start and end value in theLine Definition box or dragging the

graphic manipulators.

Creating Lines




The Line Definition dialog box offers

you various methods to create a line.

1 Click on Line icon

2

Select one of these Line type options.

The dialog box contents

changes according to the

selected Line Type option

Let ’s see now the different ways to create lines ...

3 Enter line specifications

in the Line Definition box

and confirm.

Creating Lines…

Creating a Line between Two Points (1/2)




1

2 Select two points or vertices.


Sketch vertex Point.1

Line.1 is created between a

vertex of Sketch.1 and Point.1.

3 Optional : extend the line at the start or/and end point(s).

The Mirrored extent option allows you

to impose the same extrapolation on

either end of the line.






4 Optional : you can define a support (plane or

surface) onto which the line will be projected.

5 Click OK to confirm line creation.

Four vertices can be detected

on the created line : the twoinitial points and the limit

point of each extrapolation.

Selectable vertices

Creating a Line from a Point and a Direction




1

2 Select a reference point and a direction line then key in the start and end

points of the line.


Creating a Line from a Point and a Direction

Optional:

You can define a

support elementonto which the line

will be projected

Reference point

Direction

Line length

The Mirrored extentoption allows you to

impose the same

extrapolation on either

end of the line.

Creating a Line Normal to a Surface




1

2 Select a reference surface and a point.

A vector normal to the surface is displayed

at the reference point.


Creating a Line Normal to a Surface

Reference point

Reference surface

Line length

2+ Check the Mirrored extent option to create the

symmetry of the line with respect to the

selected point.

Creating Planes in 3D




You w il l learn th e dif ferent ways to c reate planes in 3D

Creating Planes in 3D

• Plane offset from another plane

• Plane paral lel to another plane throug h a point

• Plane with an angle or no rmal to a plane• Plane through three points

• Plane through two l in es

• Plane throug h a poin t and a l ine

• Plane throu gh a planar cu rve

• Plane norm al to a curve

• Plane tangent to a su rface

• Plane created from its equat ion

• Plane mean throu gh points

• Several planes between two planes

Why Do You Need Planes ?




What about planes ? You can create a plane from:

• another plane

• points, lines or curves

• its equation

You can use planes as reference elements to create new geometry or as cutting elements.


Angle/Normal

to plane

Equation

Through 3

points

Offset

You can edit any type of plane by double-clicking on itsidentifier in the tree or on the geometry. You will then

change its specifications in the Plane Definition box.

You can modify the plane

location dragging it after

clicking on the Move label.

Why Do You Need Planes ?

What About Planes ?




You can modify the plane offset

keying in the offset value in the

Plane Definition box or dragging

the graphic manipulator.

Graphic manipulator

Modification of plane parameters (offset, orientation)



plane, clicking either the red

arrow on plane origin or the

Reverse Direction button in the

Plane Definition box.

Plane origin

Creating Planes…




The Plane Definition dialog box offers you various methods to create a plane.

1 Click on Plane icon

2

Select one of these Plane type options.

The dialog box contents

changes according to the

selected Plane Type option.

Let ’s see now the different ways to create planes ...

3 Enter plane specifications in

the Plane Definition box andconfirm.

g

Creating an Offset Plane (1/2)




1

g ( )

2

If you want to create several planes

separated by the same offset value,

check the option Repeat object after OK.

4

Select the reference element (plane, face, etc…).

3 Define the offset value, either in the Offset

field or using the graphic manipulators.

Reference plane

Creating an Offset Plane (2/2) Object plane




6 Define the number of

planes to be created.

7 Click OK to confirm plane creation.

• As many planes as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in addition to the object plane.

• The planes are separated from the object plane by a multiple of the offset value.

Object plane

Plane instances in

Open Body


The created plane is defined as an Object, i.e.the reference for creating the other planes.

5

j p

The plane instances are grouped

in a new Open Body (unless you

uncheck the option).

Creating a Plane Parallel Through a Point





1

2 Select the reference element (plane or planar face) and the point .

The plane parallel to the reference and passing through the point is displayed.

Creating a Plane Through a Planar Curve





1

2 Select the planar curve.

The plane passing through the curve is displayed.

Planar curve

Creating a Plane Normal to a Curve




1


2 Select a reference curve and a point.

A plane is displayed normal to the curve at the specified point.

You can select any

point. By default themiddle point of the

curve is selected.

Creating a Plane Tangent to a Surface




1


2 Select a surface and a point.

The plane passing through the point and tangent to the surface is created.

Surface

Point

Creating Curves in 3D




You wil l learn the dif ferent ways to cr eate cu rves in 3D

• Curve projected onto a support

• Combined curve

• Reflect l ine

• Intersect ion o f geometr ic elements

• Curve paral le l to another on a suppo rt

• Circle

• Corner

• Connect curve

• Conic

• Spl ine curve

• Helix

• Spiral

• Polyl ine

Why Do You Need Curves ?




What about curves ?a curve can be created from:

points, other curves or surfaces

You can use curves as guide or reference to create other geometric elements or as

limits of a surface.

A spline is a curve passing

through selected points

with the option to set

tangency conditions at its

extremities.

You can edit any type of curve by

double-clicking on its identifier in the

tree or on the geometry. You will then

change its specifications in the

corresponding definition box.

Creating Curves…




A dialog box is displayed foreach type of curve, e.g.:

1 Click on the icon corresponding to the

selected type of curve.

2

Let ’s see now the different ways to create 3D curves ...

3 Enter curve specifications in

the dialog box and confirm.

Creating a Curve Projected onto a Support




1

2

3

Select the element(s) to project (Ctrl key if several elements) and the

support ; you can keep the Normal direction or select a direction.

Click OK to confirm projection curve creation.

Support

Projected

elements

Elements

to project

2+Using the right mouse button

on the ‘Projected’ field you can

access the list of elements to

be projected and modify it.

Creating a Combined Curve (1/2)




1

2 Choose the Combine type from the combo:

Normal or Along directions.

Curve 1

Curve 2

Direction 1

Direction 2

Select the two curves to be combined

and if needed the direction of

extrusion for each curve.

3

A combined curve is the intersection of the extrusion of two planar curves.

Creating a Combined Curve (2/2)




Click OK to confirm combined curve creation. 4

The curve extrusion is performed

normal to each curve.

For each curve the direction of

extrusion is defined by a line.

Resulting

combined curve

Resulting

combined curve

Direction 1

Direction 2

Creating a Reflect Line




1

2 Select a support surface

and a direction.

4 Click OK to confirm reflect line creation.

Support

Key in an angle representing the value between the

selected direction and the normal to the surface.

Direction

3

Reflect line

Creating the Intersection of Geometric Elements




1

2 Select the element(s) to intersect (Ctrl key if several elements) then theintersecting element.

3 Click OK to confirm intersection curve creation.

Using the right mouse button

on the ‘Element 1’ field you can

access the list of elements to

be intersected and modify it.

2+

When possible, you can select the type of element

created while computing the intersection.

Creating a Curve Parallel to Another on a Support (1/2)




1

2 Select the reference curve and the support

and key in the offset between the two curves.


The curve created on the side of

the red direction arrow is defined

as an Object, i.e. the reference for

creating the other curves.

If you want to create several parallel

curves separated by the same offset

check the option Repeat object after OK .

4

5

Check the Both Sides option if you want

one parallel curve on either side of the

reference curve.

3

Reference

curve

Object

parallel curve

Parallel

curve on

second side

Creating a Curve Parallel to Another on a Support (2/2)




6 Define the number of parallel curves to be created.

7 Click OK to confirm parallel curve creation.

• As many parallel curves as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in

addition to the object parallel curve.

• The parallel curves are separated from the object line by a multiple of the offset value.

Object parallel curve

Parallel curve instances

in Open Body

The plane instances are grouped

in a new Open Body (unless you

uncheck the option).

Second parallel curve

Creating a Circle (1/4)




1

2 According to the type of circle you want to create select the circle

support, creation points and if needed key in the radius.

3

Define the circle limitations. 2+

Click OK to confirm circle creation.

Center

Support

The support can be a plane or

a surface. If it is a non planar

surface the circle is projected

normally onto the surface.





Center and

radius

Center and point

Two points

and radius

Three points

Support

You can create a circle on a support (surface or

plane) from points and/or a radius value.1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

When you create a circle from twopoints and a radius, you can select

one of the solutions proposed

clicking the Next solution button.

Solution 1 selected

Solution 2 selected





You can create a circle on a support (surface or

plane) giving tangency conditions.

Support

1

Bitangent

& radius

Bitangent

& pointTritangent

2 3

1

2

3

Solution 1

selected

Solution 2

selected

When you create a circle withtangency conditions, you can select

one of the solutions proposed

clicking the Next solution button.

You can now select a point

(not only a curve) to which

the circle is to be tangent.





You can either create a complete circle or a circular

arc according to the selected limitation option.

Circular arc which limitsare defined by start and

end angle values

Completecircle

Circular arc trimmed

using two points or

tangency points

Complementary

circular arc trimmed

using two points or

tangency points

If several solutions areavailable you can either

select one or click on the

Next solution button.

Creating a Corner




1

2 Select the two elements of the corner and the support(plane or surface on which the elements must lie), then

enter the radius.

Click OK to confirm

corner creation.

3

Element 1

You can choose to activate the

Trim elements option to

remove the portions of curve

opposite to the corner.

Click on this button to display

the various solutions before

choosing one of them.

Element 2

Support

Four available

solutions

Solution 2

selected

Original

elements

trimmed

First element of the corner can be a

curve, a line or a point, second

element must be a curve or a line.

When two lines are selected you

do not need to select a support.

Creating a Connect Curve (1/3)




1

2 Select the first curve to connect

and a point on this curve.

4 If needed click on the red arrowlocated on either point to reverse the

orientation of the associated curve.

Curve 1

3 Select the second curve to connect

and a point on this curve.

Point 1

Point 2

Curve 2

Curve

orientation





5 Define the type of continuity between

each curve and the connect curve.

The type of continuity can be different

for each curve.

6 Define the tension of the connect

curve at each point.

You can key in the tension value or

use the graphic manipulators.

7 You can select the ‘Trim elements’ option to trim the two

construction curves and join them to the connect curve.

Click OK to confirm

connect curve creation.

8





You will find below various combinations of continuity

between the two curves and the connect curve.

Curve 1 : Tangency

Curve 2 : Tangency

Curve 1 : Tangency

Curve 2 : Point

Curve 1 : Tangency

Curve 2 : Curvature

Curve 1 : PointCurve 2 : Point Curve 1 : PointCurve 2 : Curvature Curve 1 : CurvatureCurve 2 : Curvature

Creating a Conic (1/2)




1

2 Choose the needed parameters.

Click OK to confirm conic creation. 3

Support on which

the conic will lie

Start and end

points of the conic

Tangents associated

with the start and end

points of the conic and

with the point located

at the intersection of

the tangents

Parameter :

- P=0.5 for parabola

- P<0.5 for ellipse

- P>0.5 for hyperbola

Tangents associated

with the two first

passing points

Point defining the

tangents from the

start and end points

of the conic

Intermediate

passing points

of the conic

Creating a Conic (2/2)




You can define a conic from various sets of data :

Two points, two tangents

and a parameter

Two points, two tangents

and a passing point

Two points, a tangent intersection

point and a parameter

Two points, a tangent intersection

point and a passing pointFour points and a tangent Five points

Start

pointEnd

point

Tangents

Support

Start

pointEnd

point

Tangents

Passing

point

Support

Start

pointEnd

point

Tangent

intersection

point

Parameter : 0.7

Support

Start

pointEnd

pointSupport

Passing

points

Tangent on point 2

12

Start

pointEnd

point

Tangent

intersection

point

Support

Passing

point

1

Start

pointEnd

pointSupport

Passing points

12

3

Creating a Spline Curve (1/2)




1

2

3

Select the points through which the Spline will pass.

Click OK to confirm Spline creation.

You can add,

remove or replace

a point during or

after Splinedefinition.

See on next screen the use of

the Add Parameters button.

Creating a Spline Curve (2/2)

When you click on the Add Parameters button you

di l dditi l ti i th S li D fi iti b




display additional options in the Spline Definition box.

1- Select the point on which you

want to impose a tangent

2- Click on this arrow to select the

tangent type you want :

4- Confirm the new

Spline specifications

3a- Explicit type : select a line or an

axis to define the tangency.

3b- From curve type : select a curve

containing the selected point to

define the tangency.

A helix can be reused as guide curve or spine in a Sweep operation.

Creating a Helix (1/3)




Starting Point

Axis

1

2 Select the starting point and the axis of the helix.

Creating a Helix (2/3)

With a Constant law




Choose a Constant law type and

enter the pitch value.

Define the total height of the helix

HeightPitch

Define the orientation of the helix.

You can define a taper angle which leads the

radius variation from one revolution to the other.

Outward : the radius

increases

Inward : the radius

decreases

Taper

angle

You can also define a profile that the helix will follow.

Profile

Define a Starting Angle.

Starting Point

Starting

angle

Click OK to confirm helix creation

3a

4

Creating a Helix (3/3)With a S-type law




Click OK to confirm helix creation.

Choose a S-type law type : the pitch

will evolve according a cubic law.

Select a profile that the helix will follow.

Starting Point

Profile

Starting

pitch

End

pitch

3b

4

Creating a Spiral (1/2)




Select the spiral support (plane),

center point, reference direction

(optional) and start radius.

Start radius

1

2

Creating a Spiral (2/2)

Select the spiral orientation.

3




p

Select the spiral type.

Select the number of revolutions:

End angle

End radius

Pitch

You can define

the spiral three

different ways.

4

5

Creating a Polyline

You can create a Polyline in one operation.




Click OK to create the Polyline.

1

2 Select already existing points

3

Creating Basic Surfaces




You w il l become fam il iar with the creat ion of

basic su rfaces

Creating a Surface from a Profile

Creating a Sphere

Creating a Swept Surface

Creating a Surface from BoundariesCreating a Surface from Another Surface

Creating a Lofted Surface

Creating a Surface from a Profile




You w il l learn about the various typ es of surfaces

created from a prof i le

• Extruded surface

• Surface of revolut ion

Creating a Surface from a Profile…




Let ’s see now how to create those surfaces ...

The extruded surface is

created from an open or

closed profile, giving adirection and limits.

A surface of revolution is

created from an open or

closed profile, giving an axis

of revolution and an angle.

Creating an Extruded Surface




1

2

3

Select a profile, a direction and enter limits value

(or use the graphic manipulators).

Click OK to confirm extruded surface creation.

Profile

Direction can be

specified by a line, a

plane or components.

Limits

Creating a Surface of Revolution




1

2

3

Select a profile, an axis of revolution and key in the angle limits.

Axis of revolution

Profile

Click OK to confirm surface creation.

Creating a Spherical Surface




You wil l learn how to create a complete or p art ia l sphere

Partial sphere

Complete

sphere

Creating a Sphere

1




Select the sphere center point and key in the sphere radius.

Choose to create a complete sphere or

a partial sphere.

Complete Sphere

Partial Sphere

You can modify the partial

sphere parameters in theSphere Surface dialog box

or dragging and dropping

the arrows on geometry.

2

3

Creating a Swept Surface




You wil l learn how to create an expl ic i t -type sw ept

surface

Creating a Swept Surface…





A swept surface is created

from an open or closedprofile, giving a guide curve

and a reference surface or

two guide curves.

1

Creating an Explicit-type Swept Surface (1/4)




2

3 Confirm swept surface creation.

Select the guide curve and the profile. You can then choose to give a reference plane or surface (Reference tab) or to select

another guide curve and if needed anchor points (Second Guide tab).

Reference

plane

Guide curve

Profile

Guide

curve 1

Guide

curve 2

ProfileIf no spine is selected the

guide curve is used as spine.

Anchor

point 2

Anchor

point 1


Reference surface




You can define a reference surface and an angle (in the Position profile mode only )

controlling the position of the profile during the sweep.

Reference

plane

Guide curve

Profile

The sweep surface is positioned with

respect to the guide curve ; the profile

is oriented with respect to the

reference surface at a given angle.

When the profile position is fixed with

respect to the guide curve the sweep

lies on the profile and on the guide

curve (if it intersects the profile) or on

the parallel to the guide curve crossing

the profile (minimum distance).

Green axis-system :

current profile

orientation

Grey axis-system :

profile reference

axis

If you modify the angle the

sweep surface rotates around

the guide curve with respect to

the reference surface.

In the Position profile mode

the reference is no more the

profile but the guide curve.


Reference surface




In the Position profile mode you can display parameters to

modify the position of the sweep profile on the guide curve

defining a new origin and a rotation angle or direction.

These coordinates (or the

selected point) define the

position of the origin of

the positioning axis

system (green) in the

first sweep plane.

You can rotate the

positioning axis system

around the guide curve

with respect to initial axis

system of the profile.

You may want to invert theorientation of the X or Y

axes of the positioning axis

system.

You can select a point

defining the origin of

the axis system linked

to the profile.

The direction defines the

X axis of the positioning

axis system.

Initial axis system

of the profile

Positioning

axis system


Second guide




Guide

curve 1

Guide

curve 2

Profile

Anchor

point 2

Anchor

point 1

You can select a second guide curve to define the sweep. You may also select an

anchor point for each guide curve. The anchor points lie on the guide curves from

the beginning to the end of the sweep.

If the sweep profile is positioned

its length is not modified.

If you work in the Position

profile mode the end points

of the profile are positioned

on the guide curves.

Guide curve 1

Guide curve 2

Profile

• If you check the Profile

extremities inverted option, the

profile extremities connected tothe guides are inverted.

• If you check the Vertical

orientation inverted option, the

vertical orientation of the profile

is inverted.

Creating a Surface from Another Surface




You wil l learn how to c reate an o ffset su rface

Single

Repeat

Creating a Surface from Another Surface…





You can create

several offset

surfaces at the

same time.

The offset surface is

created from an existing

surface, giving an offset

value and a direction. The

resulting surface is parallel

to the initial one.

Creating an Offset Surface (1/3)




1

2 Select the reference surface and key in

the offset value.


The created offset surface is defined

as an Object, i.e. the reference for

creating the other surfaces.

If you want to create several surfacesseparated by the same offset check the

option Repeat object after OK .

3

4

Object surface

Reference surface

Reference surface


5 Define the number of offset surfaces to be created




5 Define the number of offset surfaces to be created.

6 Click OK to confirm surface creation.

• As many offset surfaces as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in addition to the object surface.

• The surfaces are separated from the object surface by a multiple of the offset value.

Object surface

Surface instances

in Open Body

The surface instances are

grouped in a new Open Body

(unless you uncheck the option).





The resulting offset surface is parallel to the reference surface.

Offset value

between two

surfaces : 20mm

Side view

Creating a Surface from Boundaries




You wil l learn about the types o f su rfaces c reated from

boundaries

• Fil l surface

• Blend surface

Creating a Surface from Boundaries…





The blend surface is created

between two curves lying each on asupport ; the evolution of the

surface between the two curves is

defined by parameters.

The fill surface is created between

joined curves which may lie on a

support ; the evolution of the

surface inside the contour is

defined by parameters.

1

Creating a Fill Surface (1/2)




2 Select the boundaries of the fill surface and, if needed, the support(s) associatedwith one or more boundary(ies).

B 1

B 3

B 4

Support for B1 B 2

Support for B3The result of the selections

must be a closed boundary.

During or after creation you can edit

a fill surface, adding, replacing or

removing a boundary or a support.

The type of continuity between the support

surface(s) and the fill surface can be chosen

from the Continuity combo.

Creating a Fill Surface (2/2)

3 You can also define a point through which the surface will pass.




If you do not select any support or

passing point the fill surface is simply

created between the boundaries.

Tangency continuity

Point continuity

4 Confirm fill surface creation.

The result depends on the selected type of continuity (Tangent or Point)

between the support surfaces and the fill surface.

Creating a Blend Surface (1/7)




1

2 Select the two curves between which you

will create the blend surface and, if needed,

the support associated with each curve.


3 If you have selected one or more support surface(s) define the type of continuity

(Tangency, Curvature or Point) between each support surface and the blend surface.




Tangency

continuityPoint

continuityCurvature

continuity

You can use the combo to

define a different type of

continuity on each side of

the blend surface.

You can choose to trim

the support to expand the

blend surface up to the

limits of the support.


4 If you have selected one or more support surface(s) you can choose to make the

borders of the blend surface tangent to the borders of the supports.




g pp

For each border of the blend

surface you can choose the

extremity(ies) that will be

tangent to the corresponding

border of the support.

First tangent border : None

Second tangent border : None

First support

Second support

First tangent border : Both extremities

Second tangent border : Both extremities

1st border,

start

First tangent border : Start extremity

Second tangent border : End extremity

2nd border,

end


5 S l t th T i t b t d fi th t i t th li it f th bl d f




5 Select the Tension tab to define the tension at the limits of the blend surface.

Default

tension

Constant tension

of 2.5

Linear tension

from 1 to 2.5

You can keep the default

tension or define a constant

or linear tension at each limit

of the blend surface.


6 In the case of a closed curve you can select the Closing Points tab and choose the

closing point of each curve.




Closing points

You can define the orientation of

the blend surface clicking the

arrows located on the selected

closing points to invert them.

closing point of each curve.


7a Select the Coupling tab to define the type of coupling :

- automatic with four options: Ratio, Tangency, Tangency then curvature or Vertices




According to the chosen options you will compute the blend

surface :- using the total length of the sections (Ratio),

- between the tangency discontinuity points of the curves

(Tangency),

- between the tangency discontinuity points of the curves

then between the curvature discontinuity points of the

curves (Tangency then curvature)

- between the vertices of the curves (Vertices).


7b Select the Coupling tab to define the type of coupling :

- manual coupling with definition of the coupling curve(s)

Y d fi




Automatic coupling

You can define

several coupling

curves.

Coupling curves Manual coupling

8 Click OK to confirm blend surface creation.





You wil l learn how to create lof ted surfaces


Several parameters can be set to define a lofted surface :Tangency

Closing




Let ’s see now how to create lofted surfaces ...

Guide curve

g

point

SpineCoupling

Limitation

Manual coupling

For the start and end sections of the loft you can define

a surface (containing the corresponding section curve)

Creating a Lofted Surface – Tangent Option




a surface (containing the corresponding section curve)

to which the lofted surface will be tangent.

Section 4

Section 1

Section 4

The loft is tangent to the

two extruded surfaces.

Section 1

Extrude 1

Extrude 2

No tangency condition is

imposed between the loft and

the two extruded surfaces.

Creating a Lofted Surface - Closing Points (1/5)

When you create a loft from closed sections a closing point can be defined for each section.




y g p

The closing points are linked to each other to define the loft orientation. You can also change

the closing point of one or more section(s) to modify the loft orientation.

Vertex

No closing

point defined

Closing point

defined on each

section

The default orientation of

the section is kept : the

resulting loft is twisted. The closing points are

linked to each other.


To create the lofted surface you will select and orient the




sections then define the closing point for each of them.

To define a closing point on a section, select

the section then click on the adequate point.

The point is mentioned in the Closing Point

list in front of the corresponding section.


Adding a closing point to a section




1 Click on the section label using MB3 and

select the Create Closing Point option.

Check the displayed closing point.2

Reference

closing

point

Closing

point to be

created


Adding a closing point to a section




Define the parameters of the closing point.3

Click OK to confirm point creation.4


Changing a closing point on a section

1




1 Select the sections.

Click on the section label and select the closing

point you want to define for this section.2

For each section the starting

point of the arrow defines the

default closing point.

If needed select the arrow to modify the

orientation of the section.3

Creating a Lofted Surface – Guide Curve

To define the evolution of the lofted surface between two

consecutive sections you can select one or more guide curve(s).

The guide curve(s) must intersect all the sections of the loft




Guide curve 1

With Two Guide CurvesWithout Guide Curve

The guide curve(s) must intersect all the sections of the loft.

Section 1

Section 2

You can define a surface tangent to

each guide curve and to which the

lofted surface will also be tangent.

Section 3

Guide curve 2

Creating a Lofted Surface – Spine

The spine guides the section orientation. You can either

keep the default spine (automatically computed) or choose

a user-defined spine selecting a line or a curve




Section 2 Spine

With a User-Defined SpineWith a Computed Spine

a user defined spine selecting a line or a curve.

Section 1 Section 3

Creating a Lofted Surface - Coupling (1/6)

The coupling tab in the loft function is used to compute the loft using the total

length of the sections (ratio) between the vertices of the sections between the




length of the sections (ratio), between the vertices of the sections, between the

curvature discontinuity points of the sections or between the tangencydiscontinuity points of the sections.

Vertices,

CurvatureDiscontinuity,

Tangency

Discontinuity

Vertices,

Curvature

Discontinuity

Vertex

Ratio option

Curvature

discontinuities

option

Creating a Lofted Surface – Coupling (2/6)

These two points are tangency

and curvature discontinuityWhat types of points can CATIA use to split the

sections when creating lofts using coupling ?




y

points. They are also vertices.

This point is a tangency and

curvature continuity point.

This point is a pure vertex.

To have a look at the different discontinuities,

we have sketched a profile as shown below :

sections when creating lofts using coupling ?

Segments

Two arcs

These two points are

curvature discontinuity

points. They are also

vertices.


Ratio-type coupling :to compute the loft using the total length of the sections




The surface crosses the sections and

the variation between the sections is

computed by a ratio corresponding to

the length of each section.


Tangency-type coupling :to compute the loft between the tangency discontinuity points of the sections




The surface crosses the sections and

each section is split at each tangency

discontinuity point. The surface is

computed between each split section.


Tangency then Curvature-type coupling :to compute the loft between the curvature discontinuity points of the sections




The surface crosses the sections

and each section is split at each

curvature discontinuity point. The

surface is computed between

each split section.


Vertices-type coupling :to compute the loft between the vertices of the sections




The surface crosses the sections

and each section is split at each

vertex. The surface is computed

between each split section.

Creating a Lofted Surface – Manual Coupling (1/4)

When the sections of the lofted surface do not have the same number of

vertices you need to define a manual coupling.

1 Define the sections and guide curves if needed.




2

g

Select the Coupling tab from the Lofted

Surface Definition window.

3 Double-click in the blue Coupling field to display the Coupling window.


4 For each section select the vertex to be

taken into account in the coupling then




5

taken into account in the coupling then

click OK to end coupling definition. You can visualize the coupling curve if

the corresponding option is checked.

To refine the shape of the loftedsurface you can define another

coupling curve : select the first

coupling and click on the Add button,

then define the new coupling curve as

explained above.

6 Click OK to end lofted surface definition.

At any time you can edit a coupling by

double-clicking on the coupling name

in the list and changing the coupling

points using the contextual menu.


One coupling curve (1) One coupling curve (2) Two coupling curves

You will find below various cases of manual coupling with

one or more coupling curves.




Creating a Lofted Surface – Manual Coupling (4/4)For each coupling mode, the points that could not be coupled are displayed in the geometry with a

specific symbol.On this loft the sections do not have the

same number of vertices and have some

discontinuities in curvature and tangency.




Tangency Mode :Uncoupled tangency

discontinuity points are

represented by a square.

Tangency then curvature Mode :• Uncoupled tangency discontinuity points

are represented by a square.

• Uncoupled curvature discontinuity points

are represented by an empty circle.

Vertices Mode :Uncoupled vertices are

represented by a full circle.

Creating a Lofted Surface – LimitationBy default the lofted surface is limited by the start and end sections. However you can

choose to limit it only on one of the sections, on the spine or on the guide extremities.

When the limitation options are checked, the

loft is limited to the start and/or end sections.




GuidesStart section

End section

Spine

If the spine is an automatically

computed spine and guides

are selected the loft is limited

by the guide extremities.

Guides

If the spine is an automaticallycomputed spine and no guide is

selected the loft is limited to the

start and end sections.

If the spine is a userspine the loft is

limited by the spine

extremities.

When the limitation options are unchecked,

the loft is swept along the spine.

Start section

End section

Start section

End sectionGuides

Start section

End section

Start section

End section

Performing Operations on the Geometry

You w il l learn how to perform operat ions on

the geometry




Joining ElementsHealing Elements

Restoring Elements

Disassembling Elements

Splitting Elements

Trimming Elements

Extracting Elements

Transforming Elements

Extrapolating Elements

Creating Near ElementsCreating Patterns

Joining Elements




You w il l learn how to jo in wireframe or surface elements

Element 1Element 2 Join result

What about joined elements ? You can create joined elements from:

You can join elements to use two or more elements as a single element in a

further operation.

Why Do You Need Joining Elements ?




- adjacent curves- adjacent surfaces

Four adjacent

surfaces.

Join result

Join result

Two adjacent

splines.

Joining Elements…

You will select one by one

these four adjacent surfaces

to join them together.




Let ’s see now the way to join elements ...

The original surfaces

are transferred to the

Hide space.

The four adjacent surfaces are

joined into one single surface

identified as Join element inthe specification tree.

1

2 Select one by one the elements to be joined together.

Joining Elements (1/2)

To modify the join definition you

can edit it and remove elements or




Element 1

3 Click OK to confirm join operation.

Element 2

can edit it and remove elements or

replace an element by another.

This option checks

the connexity

between the elements

in the resulting join.

CATIA will:

- reduce the numberof resulting elements

- ignore the elements

that do not allow the

join to be created.

You can define a merging

distance, i.e. the maximum

distance below which twoelements are considered

as only one element.

Joining Elements (2/2)

While joining elements you can exclude some sub-element from the joined

surface.




Face to be

removed

You can also select sub-

elements to exclude from

the joined surfaces.

You can create another

join surface with the

excluded sub-elements.

Healing Elements




You w il l learn how to f i l l gaps between su rfaces

Gap

Surface 1

Surface 2

Healing result

Select the surfaces to be healed.

Healing Elements (1/2)

1




You can also select a Join that needs to be healed.2

3

Sweep.1

Sweep.2

Gap

Define the Merging distance.

The merging distance is the maximum distance between the surfaces

below which the gap will be filled.

Healing Elements (2/2)

4 Define the Distance objective.

The distance objective is the threshold below which the gap will be ignored

by the heal operation.




Click OK to confirm the healing operation. 5

Restoring Elements




You w il l learn how to restore the l imits o f surfaces or

curves which have been spl i t before

Split surface

Cutting

elements

Restored

surface

Restoring a Surface

Initial surface Second split

You can rebuild the limits of a surface which has been split one or several time(s).




Select the surface which limits will be restored.

The Untrim window displays the number of selected

elements and the number of resulting elements.

1

2

3 Click OK to restore the surface.

First split

The surface limits will be restored from the second split.

Second split

The resulting surface

is a datum feature : it

cannot be modified. You can also restore

the limits of a curve

which was split before.

Disassembling Elements




You w il l learn how to disassemble mult i -cel l surfaces or

curves into m ono -cel l elements

One multi-cellextruded surface

Thee mono-

cell surfaces

Select the element to be disassembled.

f

Disassembling a Surface

1

2




The Disassemble window displays the number of selected elementsand the number of resulting elements.

3 Click OK to disassemble the surface.

Extrudedsurface

The resulting surfaces

are datum features : they

cannot be modified.

You can alsodisassemble a

multi-cell curve.

Splitting Elements




You w il l learn how to sp l i t a wireframe or surface element

us ing o ne or m ore cut t ing e lements

Cuttingelements

Element

to be cut

Split result

What about splitting elements ? You can split :

i f l t b i t th i f l t f

You can split an element when you need only part of this element in your model.

You need the element to be cut and one or more cutting element(s).

Why Do You Need Splitting Elements ?




- a wireframe element by points, other wireframe elements or surfaces- a surface by wireframe elements or other surfaces.

Element to cut

Cutting element

Split result

Wireframe

elementsSurface

elements

Cutting

elements

Element

to be cut

Split result

Splitting Elements…

You can also select

the portion to be

kept by clicking the

Other side button.

Cutting element




Let ’s see now how to split elements ...

You should make

your selection by

clicking on the

portion that youwant to keep after

the split.

Element to be cut

The result is a Split

type element.

Splitting Elements (1/3)

1

Select the element to cut. 2




Element to cut

Cutting elements

Select the cutting element(s).

You can split an element with several cutting elements at the same time.

3

If you select only one cutting element

you can check this option to keep the

two sides of the element to cut. In that

case two split features are created.

You can create the intersection

between the cut element and the the

cutting elements.


For each selected cutting element check the side to be kept on the

element to cut ; if you want to change it select the cutting element in the

list and click on the Other side button.

4

The cutting elements

and their orientation




and their orientation

are defined.

Click OK to confirm the split operation. 5

The initial cut element is

transferred to the ‘hide’ space.

If the cutting element is a closed curve you may need to define more precisely the side

of the cutted element you want to keep.


Support

V

Principle:

- Vn : Vector normal to support

- Vt : Vector tangent to cutting element

- V=Vn*Vt (Vectorial product); indicates

the side of the cutted element to keep

Cutting

element




Vn

VtV

the side of the cutted element to keep

Split result

without support Split result

with a support

Support

Element

to split

f f

Trimming Elements




You w il l learn how to tr im a wireframe or surface element

Element 1

Element 2

Trim result

What about trimming elements ? You can trim :

- two wireframe elements,t f

You can trim elements between each other to only keep part of them in your

model. You need two intersecting elements.

Why Do You Need Trimming Elements ?




two wireframe elements,- two surfaces.

Trim result

Trim result

Wireframeelements

Surface

elements

Trimming Elements…

You can also select

the portions to be

kept by clicking the

Other side button

for each element.




Let ’s see now how to trim elements ...

You should make

your selection by

clicking on the

portions that youwant to keep after

the trim.

The result is a Trim

type element.

1

Element 1

Trimming Elements (1/2)




2 Select the elements to trim, clicking on the portions

that you want to keep after the operation. Element 2

3 Click OK to confirm trim operation. The initial trimmed elements are

transferred to the ‘hide’ space.

Click on one of these

buttons to change

the side to be kept

for each element.

Trimming Elements (2/2)

While trimming closed wires, you may need to define more

precisely the side of the elements you want to keep.

Principle:

The side of the trimmed elements to keep is

given by the vectorial product between :

- The vector tangent to the elements to trim.The vector normal to the support

Elements to

trim lying on

the support




g- The vector normal to the support.

Using a support

Using no support

You wil l learn how to c reate the boundaries o f a surface and

Creating Elements from Surfaces




You wil l learn how to c reate the boundaries o f a surface and

extract edges o r faces from surfaces.

Boundary

with limitsEdge

extractionFace

extraction

1

Creating the Boundaries of a Surface (1/2)

You can create the external or internal boundaries of a surface, with or without limits.




2 Choose the propagation type and select the surface edge from which you

want to create a boundary curve. You may also want to define limits to the

created boundary curve.

3 Click OK to confirm boundary creation. See next screen to display the

various propagation types.

Limit points

Selected Edge

Creating the Boundaries of a Surface (2/2)




You will select a propagation

type to create exactly thenecessary portion of curve.

1. Complete boundary

2. Point continuity

3. Tangent continuity

4. No propagation

1

2 Select a surface edge and

Extracting an Edge from a Surface

You can extract one or several edges of a surface which can be either boundaries or

limiting edges of faces. You cannot define limit points.




2

3

Select a surface edge and

choose the propagation type.

Click OK to confirm edge extraction.

Selected

edge

According to the selected propagation type you get :

1- No propagation 3- Point continuity2- Tangent continuity

Here there is an ambiguity

about the propagation side

you are prompted to select

a support face. In this case,

the dialog box dynamically

updates and the Support

field is added.

Selected

support

face

1

2 Select a face and choose

Extracting a Face from a Surface

Selected

face

You can extract one or several faces of a surface with or without propagation.




2

3

Select a face and choose

the propagation type.

Click OK to confirm face extraction. The initial and the extracted

faces are superimposed.

According to the selected propagation type you get :

1- No propagation 2- Point continuity 3- Tangent continuity

Transforming Elements

You w il l learn the various transformat ions you can apply to




• Translat ion

• Rotat ion

• Symmetry

• Scal ing

• Aff in i ty

• Axis-to-Axis Transform at ion

y pp y

elements :

What about transformations ?Six transformation types are available:

Transformations are used to modify the size, location, orientation, etc. of a

wireframe or a surface element.

Why Do You Need Transformations ?

Translation Affinity




Rotation

Symmetry

Scaling

Axis-to-Axis

For each type of transformation a dialog

box is displayed.

1 Click on any Transformation icon.

2

Applying Transformations…




The dialog box

contents changes

according to the

selected type of

transformation.

Let ’s see now the different ways to apply transformations ...

3 Enter transformation specifications in

the dialog box and confirm.

1

Translating an Element (1/2)

2 Select the element to be translated and

define the translation direction orcomponents and the distance




components and the distance.


The created translated element is definedas an Object, i.e. the reference for

creating the other translated elements.

If you want to create several

translated elements check the

option Repeat object after OK .

3

4

Object element

Transformed element

Transformed element

You can click this

button to hide or

show the initial

element.

5 Define the number of translated elements to be created.

Translating an Element (2/2)

The element instances are

d i O B d




6 Click OK to confirm element creation.

• As many translated elements as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in

addition to the object element.

• The translated elements are separated from the object element by a multiple of the distance.

Object element

Element instances in

Open Body

grouped in a new Open Body


1

Rotating an Element (1/2)

2 Select the element to be rotated and define

the rotation axis and the angle




the rotation axis and the angle.

Click OK to continue.The created rotated element is defined as

an Object, i.e. the reference for creating

the other rotated elements.

3

4

Object

element

Initial

element

Initial

element

You can click

this button to

hide or show the

initial element.If you want to create several

rotated elements check the

option Repeat object after OK.

5 Define the number of rotated elements to be created.

Rotating an Element (2/2)

The element instances aregrouped in a new Open Body




6 Click OK to confirm element creation.

• As many rotated elements as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in


• The rotated elements are separated from the object element by a multiple of the angle value.

Object element


Open Body


Applying a Symmetry to an Element

1

2 Select the element and a point, line or plane as reference.




Transformed

element

Symmetry along planeSymmetry by point

3 Click OK to confirm symmetry creation.

Reference point

Reference plane

You can click

this button to

hide or show the

initial element.

1

Scaling an Element (1/2)

2 Select the element to be scaled and definethe reference and the ratio.





The created scaled element is defined asan Object, i.e. the reference for creating

the other scaled elements.

3

4

Object

element

Initial

element

You can click this

button to hide or

show the initial

element.If you want to create several

scaled elements check the

option Repeat object after OK.

Initial

element

5 Define the number of scaled

elements to be created.

Object element

Scaling an Element (2/2)

The element instances aregrouped in a new Open Body

( l h k th ti )




6 Click OK to confirm

element creation.

• As many scaled elements as indicated in the Object Repetition dialog box are created, in


• The scaled elements are separated from the object element by a multiple of the ratio value.

Object element


Open Body


1

2 Select the element, define the reference axis-system

and key in a ratio for each direction.

Creating an Affinity




3 Click OK to confirm affinity creation.

Initial

element

Point 1 origin of

reference

axis-system

Affinity

You can click this

button to hide or

show the initial

element.

1

2 Select the element to transform.

Applying an Axis-to-Axis transformation




Click OK to create the transformed

surface.

3Select the reference Axis System.

4 Select the target Axis System.

5

Extrapolating Elements

You wil l learn how to c reate extrapolated c urves and surfaces.




Curve extrapolation

Surface extrapolation

What about extrapolating elements ? You can extrapolate :

- any type of curve or line,

- any type of surface.

Two extrapolation modes are available:

Why Do You Need Extrapolating Elements ?

You may have to extrapolate a curve or surface to extend it to other geometry and

thus be able to later trim, split or intersect these elements.




- giving a length,

- giving a limit (up to…).

Curve

elements

Surfaceelements

Extrapolating Elements…

First select the element

boundary which will be

extrapolated, then the

element itself.




Let ’s see now the way to extrapolate elements ...

Finally you will define

the type of continuityand transition.

You will then choose the

extrapolation mode :length or limit.

1

Extrapolating Elements (1/3)

2 Select the edge representing the boundary you want to extrapolate.

For a curve the boundary is one of the curve extremities.

Surface boundary




3 Select the surface to be extrapolated.

For a curve select the curve itself.

A temporary extrapolated

surface is displayed. Thedefault extrapolation

mode is ‘Length’.

Temporary extrapolated surface


4 Choose the extrapolation mode.

- Length : key in the length of the extrapolated surface or curve,

- Up to element : define the limit surface or plane.




5

6

Choose the type of continuity (for a curve) and the type of transition(for a curve or a surface).

Refer to table on next page.

Check the ‘Assemble result’ option if you want the extrapolated surface to be

assembled to the support surface.

7 Click OK to create the

extrapolated surface.


Extrapolation mode

OptionsLength Up to Element

Extrapolating a curve

Tangent: the extrapolation is tangent to the




Continuity

g p g

selected curve.

Curvature: the extrapolation keeps the curvature

of the selected curve.

N/A

Extrapolating a surface

Continuity


selected surface.

Curvature: the extrapolation keeps the curvature

of the selected surface.

N/A

Extremities

Only if tangent continuity:


edges adjacent to the surface boundary.

Normal: the extrapolation is normal to the

original surface boundary.


edges adjacent to the surface boundary.

Normal: the extrapolation is normal to the

original surface boundary.

You w il l learn how to create a ‘near’ element from a

mult i-ent i ty element

Creating Near Elements




Entity 1 of

extruded

surface

Entity 2 of

extruded

surface

Near element created

from entity 2 of

extruded surface

What about near elements ? You can create near elements from:

- sketches- surfaces

Why Do You Need Near Elements ?

Some construction elements are made up of several entities. You may need to use only

part of a multi-entity element.




Near element

created for

one entity of

the surface.

Near element

created for

one entity of

the sketch.

Creating Near Elements…

You will select the multiple

element from which you want

to create the Near element.




Let ’s see now the way to create Near elements ...

The original element is

transferred to the Hide

space.

You will then select a reference

element, i.e. a point located

next to the entity to be defined

as Near element.

1

2 Select an element composed of two disconnected entities.

Creating a Near Element (1/3)

This operation allows you to quickly extract a sub-element from multi-element geometry.

Access the Near operation from the menu bar




3 Select a point located next to the entity you want to define as Near element.

Select point

4 Click OK to create the

Near element.The initial element

is transferred into

the Hide space.


When you use an element composed of disconnected entities as construction

elements, you can either keep all the entities or choose one of them.

1

2 Select an element composed of two disconnected

entities to define the profile to extrude.




3 Click OK to create the extruded surface : the Multi-Result Management

window is displayed


4.1 If you click No the extruded

surface is created from the

two entities of the element.

4.2 If you click Yes you have to choose the entity on which you want to createthe extruded surface; the portion of extruded surface created from this

entity will be defined as a Near element.




Select point

5 Click OK to create the extruded surface and the Near element.

The initial extruded

surface is transferred

into the No Show.

Creating Patterns

You w il l learn how to repl icate geometry us ing rectangularor circular p at terns.




Rectangular

pattern

Circular

pattern

Creating a Rectangular Pattern (1/2)

1

Select the object to pattern. 2

Object to pattern




For each direction define the parameters :

- instance(s) : number of patterns in the current direction

- spacing : distance between two patterns in the current direction

- length : total length of the pattern in the current direction

3

Three parameter combinations are available :

- Instance(s) and Length

- Instance(s) and Spacing

- Spacing and Length

Creating a Rectangular Pattern (2/2)

Select the plane on which the pattern will lie :

the temporary pattern is displayed.

4

To define a direction you

may select a line, a planarface or surface edge.

o n d

d i r e c

t i o n




If needed you can modify the position of the object topattern and/or rotate the pattern ; click the More>>

button to access the options.

5

First direction

S e c o

New objectposition

Click OK to create the rectangular pattern. 6

Creating a Circular Pattern (1/3)

1

Select the object to pattern. 2Object to

pattern




Define the parameters of the circular pattern :

- instance(s) : number of patterns

- angular spacing : angle between two patterns

- length : total angle of the pattern

3

Four parameter combinations are available :

- Instance(s) and total angle

- Instance(s) and angular spacing

- Angular spacing and total angle

- Complete crown


Define the parameters of the crown :

- circle(s) : number of circles

- circle spacing : distance between two circles

- crown thickness : distance between the object to pattern and the outer circle

4

Three parameter combinations are available :- Circle(s) and crown thickness

- Circle(s) and circle spacing

- Circle spacing and crown thickness




p g

You will modify the Crown Definition

parameters only if you need to create

several instances of the crown, as

shown on the opposite example.

In the present case you will create one

single crown.

Crown 1Crown 2

Crown 3

Object to

pattern


Select the element which will define the rotation

axis of the pattern : the temporary pattern is

displayed.

5

To define the rotation axis you

may select a face, a line, an




y , ,

edge, a plane or a point.

If needed you can modify the position of the object topattern, rotate the pattern and/or modify the rotation of the

instances; click the More>> button to access the options.

5

Click OK to create the circular pattern. 6

This option allows you to define

whether the rotation of the

instances will be radial or they keep

the same orientation as the object.

Creating a Solid from Surfaces

Completing the Geometry in Part Design

You w il l learn how to com plete the surface

geometry in Part Design




You w il l learn how to create a sol id from surfaces

Creating a Solid from Surfaces




What about solids created from surfaces ? You can use a surface to:

- split a solid body- create a solid body by thickening the surface

- close it into a solid body

sew it onto a solid body

You may need to create a surface just for using it in a solid body. The surface is

integrated into the body design.

Why Do You Need to Create a Solid from Surfaces ?




- sew it onto a solid body

Split Body

Thicken Surface

Close Surface

Sew Surface

For each type of feature a dialog box is displayed.

1 Click on any Surface-Based Features icon.

2

Creating a Solid from a Surface …




Select the surface

to be processed.

Let ’s see now the different ways to create surface-based features ...

3 Confirm feature creation.

1

2

Splitting a Body with a Surface

Select the surface used as splitting element and orient the arrow

towards the material to be kept.

Splitting

surface

Material to

be kept




3 Click OK to split the body.

1

2

Thickening a Surface

Select the surface to be thickened.

Surface to be

thickened




3 Click OK to thicken the surface.

Offset

direction

1

2

Closing a Surface into a Body

Select the surface to be closed.

Surface tobe closed




3 Click OK to close the surface.

1

2

Sewing a Surface to a Body

Select the surface to be sewn onto the body and orient the arrow

towards the material to be kept.

Surface to

be sewn




Material to

be kept

3 Click OK to sew the surface to

the body.

Editing Surface and Wireframe Definition

Modifying the Geometry

You w il l learn how to m odify the geometry

after cr eation




You w il l learn how to edit the def in i t ion of w ireframe or

su rface elements

Editing Surface and Wireframe Definition




Element to edit

What about editing elements ? You can edit in the same way:

- wireframe elements

- surface elements

You can edit elements after part creation to change some of the parameters and

thus make a new version of the part.

Why Do You Need Editing Elements ?




Editing the surface

parameters.

Editing the definition of

some points modifies

the associated spline.

Editing Elements…

The surface is updated

according to the new

parameters.

You will modify the axis

and the angle of

revolution of this surface.




Let ’s see now the different ways to edit elements ...

You can modify parameters

either entering new values or

making new selections.

1

Modify the definition of the element by selecting new references or changing values.

Editing Elements

Activate the Definition box of the element:

• Select the element then choose the xxx.object > Definition command.

• Double-click on the element or on the element identifier in the specification tree.

2




3 Confirm element modification.

Stacking Commands

Manipulating Elements

Creating Datum Features

Working on a Support

Using Tools

You w il l becom e fam il iar with some tools

used for managing wireframe and s urfaces.





Updating a Part

Managing Open BodiesChecking Connections Between Elements

You w il l learn how to stack commands wh i le creat ing

wir eframe elements .

4Stacking Commands




What about stacking commands ? You can create the following construction elements:

- points, - planes, - intersections.

- lines, - projections, You have access to the stacking commands capability while creating:

- points, - circles, - translations,

- lines, - conics - rotations,

Why Do You Need to Stack Commands ?

Stacking commands allows you to create construction elements while creating an

element which requires those construction elements.




- planes, - corners, - symmetry.

Using mouse button 3 you display

a contextual menu listing all the

elements you can create using the

stacking commands capability.

You define the parameters of

the construction element.

Stacking Commands…

While creating an element you

may need a construction

element that you will create

on the fly.




Let ’s see now the way to stack commands...

The construction element is

created and selected at the

same time.

When using the stacking command

capability you can check the status

of the stack in the Running

Commands window.

1

Stacking Commands (1/4)

When you create some wireframe elements (point, line, plane, circle, corner, conic) or when

you perform a translation, a rotation or a symmetry on an object you can create on the fly the

missing construction elements, i.e. points, lines, planes, intersections or projections.

In the following example you will see how to create a plane from scratch.




2 Select the type of plane you want to create.

3 Using mouse button 3 click in the Point

field and select the Create Point option.

The Point Definition window is displayed.


4 Define the parameters to create the point.

The status of the stacking commands is

also displayed in the Running Commands

window.




5 Click OK to accept point creation.

The Plane Definition window is

displayed again with Point.1 in the

Point field.

The Point button next to the

Point field allows you to edit

the point parameters.

6 Using mouse button 3 click in the Line

field and select the Create Line option.

The Line Definition window is displayed.


7 Define the parameters to create the line.

The status of the stacking commands is

also displayed in the Running Commands

window.




8 To create the points needed for the

line you can also use the stacking

commands.In that case the Running Commands

window will look like this:


9 Once the two points are created click OK

to accept the line creation.

The Plane Definition window is displayed

again with Line.1 in the Line field.

The Line button next to theLine field allows you to edit

the Line parameters.

10 Cli k OK t t th l ti




10 Click OK to accept the plane creation.

If you want to modify a parameter of the

plane you can also double-click on its

identifier in the specification tree.

Point.1

Point.2

Point.3

Line.1

Plane.1

You w il l learn how to cu t /cop y and paste elements andhow to delete one or several elements.

Manipulating Elements




What about manipulating elements ?• Cut : you remove an element and store it in the clipboard ; you can use it afterwards.

• Copy : you keep the original element and store a copy to the clipboard ; you can use

it afterwards.

• Paste : you take an element from the clipboard and paste it in the specification tree.

• Delete : you remove an element from the specification tree or the geometry.

When you are building a part you may need the same element several times with

different parameters ; you may also have to erase some unused elements.

Why Do You Need to Cut, Copy, Paste or Delete Elements ?




The tools used to cut, copy,

paste and delete elements arelocated either in the Edit menu,

in the contextual menu or in the

Standard toolbar. You can select

the element in the geometry or

in the specification tree.

Cutting, Copying, Pasting and Deleting Elements…

You will cut or copy one

or several elements. You can also delete

an element from the

specification tree.




Let ’s see now the ways to manipulate elements ...

Then select the element

after which you want to

position the cut/copied

elements and paste them.

or

1

2

Cutting, Copying, Pasting and Deleting Elements (1/3)

Select the elements you want to copy, here the circle and its center point.

You can select the elements from the geometry or the specification tree.

Select the Copy icon either in the Standard toolbar or from the contextual menu.




2

3 Select the element after which you want to paste the copied elements.

Select the Copy icon either in the Standard toolbar or from the contextual menu.

or

4


Select the Paste icon either in the Standard toolbar or from the contextual menu.

or

The elements are duplicated. You can checkthe result in the specification tree. However

the pasted elements cannot be visualized in

the geometry since they are located on the

initial elements.




5 Modify the position of the created point on the surface.

The point is moved together with the duplicated circle.

6


Now select the initial circle either in the geometry or in the specification tree.

7 Select the Delete option from the contextual menu.

8 If needed check some of the options proposed in the dialog box.




8 If needed check some of the options proposed in the dialog box.

Check this option to

delete also thegeometry used to

create the circle only.

Check this option to

delete also all the

elements created

from the circle.

9 Click OK to delete the circle.

You wil l learn how to c reate datum features

Creating Datum Features




What about datum features ?A datum feature is a non-modifiable element. Even

if you change the definition of its parent element(s)

the datum feature remains unchanged.

Why Do You Need to Create Datum Features ?

A datum feature is an element which has no link (history) with the elements used to

build it (parent elements).




If you click on the Create Datum icon

only the element to be created will be

defined as datum feature.

If you double-click on the CreateDatum icon all the elements will be

defined as datum features until you

click the icon again to de-activate it.

Creating Datum Features…

Clicking on the Create

Datum icon de-activates

the History mode.

You will then create the

datum feature element…




Let ’s see now the way to create datum features...

… and finally modify

one of its parents.

1

2

Creating Datum Features (1/2)

Define the surface parameters : profile, direction and limits.3

Note that the identifier of the extruded

surface in the specification tree is not




4 Click OK to create the surface.

surface in the specification tree is not

‘Extrude.1’ but ‘Surface.1’ and that the

datum symbol is visible.

5

Creating Datum Features (2/2)

The spline passing through

this point is modified but the

surface created from the

spline remains unchanged.

Modify one of the points defining the spline.




Click OK to accept point modification.6

You w il l learn how to def ine a planar or no n-planar sup port ,work on i t w i th or w i thout a gr id and sn ap to a poin t .





What about support ?• If you define a plane as a support a grid is displayed and

positioned in the plane of the screen. In that case you have access

to the ‘Snap to Point’ capability.

• If you define a surface as a support the elements created after

selection of the surface will be located on the surface by default.

Why Do You Need to Work on a Support ?

You can select a plane or a surface to use it as a support for further element creation.

Support plane = YZ




pp p

With the ‘Snap to Point’

capability the created points

are located at the nearest

intersection of the grid.

Support surface = Extrude.1

When you create a point after

selecting the surface as a

support the Point Definition

window automatically displays

the option ‘On surface’.

Working on a Support – Plane Support (1/3)

1

The Work on Support window is displayed. A Working support.1 feature is added to

the specification tree under the Working supports entry.By default the last created working

support (current) is displayed in red

in the specification tree. The ‘notcurrent’ working supports are

displayed in blue.




2 Select the plane you want to define as a support, here the YZ plane.


The Work on Support window changes and displays several options to define the grid.

Define the number

of steps in a gridsubdivision

Selected plane

Define the total lengthof the grid subdivision

Define which axis is

taken as H direction

in the 2D plane




Check this option if

you want a different

primary spacing in

the second direction

3 Click OK to confirm grid creation.

Set the grid

visualizationparallel to the

screen

If you enter coordinates when the ‘Snap to point’ icon is

active, the system does not take the grid into account.

4 If you want your cursor to

move directly to an intersection

point of the grid click on the

Snap to Point icon.


Here you are creating a point. Note that :

- the point type is automatically set to ‘On plane’,

Create an element on the support.5




- the cursor points only on the grid intersection points.

Exit the working support :6

Using the Working

Supports Activity icon

Using the Set as Not Current

option in the contextual menu

Working on a Support – Surface Support (1/2)

1

The Work on Support window is displayed. A Working support.1 feature is added to

the specification tree under the Working supports entry.By default the last created working

support (current) is displayed in red

in the specification tree. The ‘notcurrent’ working supports are

displayed in blue.




2 Select the surface you want to define as a support, here the extruded surface.

Working on a Support – Surface Support (2/2)

3 Click OK to confirm grid creation.

Create an element on the support.4




Here you are creating a point. Note

that the point type is automatically

set to ‘On surface’.

Exit the working support :5

Using the Working

Supports Activity icon

Using the Set as Not Current

option in the contextual menu

You w il l learn how to update you r part in case you havecho sen the manual update mode.

Updating a Part




Part to be updated

What about update ?In the Manual mode you know that

the part needs to be updated when:

Why Do You Need to Update a Part ?

You can choose to work in the Automatic or Manual update mode. If you work in the

Automatic mode your part is automatically updated. If you work in the Manual mode

you can update your part whenever you want.




The part is displayed

in bright red.

The Update symbolappears next to the

part name.

The Update icon is

available.

Updating a Part…

The Automatic Update mode is the default mode set in the Options.

You can change the default

update mode in Tools +

Options + Shape.




Let ’s see now the way to update a part...

Note that the chosen update mode

is the same in Wireframe and

Surface Design and in Part Design.

Update the part to display the new spline and surface:

Updating a Part

1

2Perform a modification for which an update is required.

Set the update mode to Manualas explained before.

Initial partModification

of a point

3

Here the spline and thesurface need to be updated.




• click on the Update icon in theTools toolbar

• select Edit + Update in the menu bar

• select the Local Update option from the contextual menu

positioning the cursor on the Part identifier

If you position the cursor on a feature and select Local update from

the contextual menu only the feature is updated.

Resulting part

You w il l learn how to insert ,select and rename an open

body and how to manage

the elements belonging to

an open body.

Managing Open Bodies




What about open bodies ?• When you enter the Wireframe and Surface Design

workbench an open body is automatically created.

• You can create as many open bodies as you need.

• Once you make an open body current, all the elements

created in the part will belong to this open body.

• You can move elements within an open body or from

an open body to another without modifying the

Why Do You Need Open Bodies ?

Open bodies are useful to show clearly the structure of your part.




p y y g

geometry.

Elements belonging to

the Wireframe open body

Current open body (underlined) ; you

define an open body as ‘current’ :

- clicking on it with mouse button 3

and selecting ‘Define in Work Object’,

- selecting it in the body selectoravailable in the Tools toolbar.

Managing Open Bodies…

… then rename it in

the body selector…

… and move

some of them

to the relevant

open body.



Copyright DASSAULT SYSTEMES 2002 221Let ’s see now the ways to manage open bodies ...

You will first insert a

new open body… … create new

elements in the

current open

body…

Inserting, Renaming and Selecting an Open Body

1

2

Create a new open body.

The new open body is created after the last element of the current open body in the

specification tree and is automatically made current.




2

In the Body selector rename Open_Body.4 into Operations.

3

In the Body selector select

basic Surfaces as new

current open body.

Moving an Element to another Open Body

In the same way you can move an element to another open body withoutmodifying the geometry.

Select the element to be moved using mouse button 3, display its contextual

menu then choose the Change Body option in the element object menu.

1

The Change Body window is displayed.




In the specification tree select the open body to

which you want to move the selected element.

To place the element precisely you can select the

element above which you want to move it.

2


Click OK to move the element in the specification tree.3

Moving an Element within an Open Body

You can move an element to another location within anopen body without modifying the geometry.

Select the element to be moved using mouse button 3, display its contextual

menu then choose the Change Body option in the element object menu.

1




In the specification tree select the element above

which you want to locate it, here Sketch.2.

2


Click OK to move the element inthe specification tree.

3

You w il l learn how to check co nnect ions b etween su rfaces orbetween curves.

Checking Connections Between Elements




12

Multi-Select the two surfaces between which

you would like to check the connection

Checking Connections Between Surfaces (1/2)

3

Select the Connect Checker Icon

Choose the Analysis Type :

distance, tangency or curvature

Note the Minimum and Maximum values

between the two surfaces.




4 5Adjust the color ranges taking account

your Minimum and Maximum values

Choose the type of Display you

require.

Checking Connections Between Surfaces (2/2)

The number of selected elements

and the number of detected

connections are displayed. Select the Quick button to obtain a simplified

analysis taking into account tolerances




Click OK to confirm. The Connection Analysis

is added to the specification tree 7

analysis taking into account tolerances

(distance, tangency and curvature).Check the analysis result on

the geometry. 6

This tool allows you to detect the point, tangency and curvature discontinuities on curves.

Checking Connections Between Curves (1/2)

Distance analysis

The point discontinuities are displayed on the

analysed curve.




Tangency analysisCurvature analysis

The curvature discontinuities are displayed on

the analysed curve. The tangency discontinuities are displayed on

the analysed curve.

Checking Connections Between Curves (2/2)

The Quick option allows the user to give

thresholds bellow which the discontinuity is

not detected.

If both tangency and curvature

discontinuities are detected, only the

tangency discontinuity is displayed.




Display of the maximum

discontinuity values on the curve.

Wireframe and Surface Design Fundamentals

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Transcript of Wireframe and Surface Design Fundamentals