Wintering Waterbird Census in the Azov- Black Sea Coastal ... · 5 Wintering Waterbird Census in...

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Wintering Waterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...

Wintering Waterbird Censusin the Azov- Black Sea Coastal Wetlands

of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey

Wetlands International Black Sea programme

Kiev - 2011

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Kostiushyn V., Andryuschenko Yu., Goradze I., Abuladze A., Mamuchadze J., Erciyas K. Wintering Waterbird Census in the Azov– Black Sea Coastal Wetlands of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey.– Wetlands International Black Sea programme.– 2011.– 130 pp.

This publication presents the results of a gap analysis of the methodology and infrastructure of IWC on the Azov – Black Sea coasts of Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine, as well as presenting the results of wintering waterbird counts at key coastal wetlands of these three countries.

Editing of text: Bradbeer P.

Layout: Kulinichev B.

Cover photo: Andryuschenko Yu., Beskaravainyi M.

The publication is supported by Wetlands International through a grant from the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Netherlands (BBI-Matra Fund / Management Programme for International Biodiversity)

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Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................51 Ukraine..................................................................................................................................51.1. Brief history of wintering waterbirds count ...........................................................................51.2. Coordination of counts and network of counters ...................................................................61.3. Methodological aspects of organizing and conducting censuses ...........................................61.4. The time period and sites coverage ...................................................................................... 111.5. Species coverage and general count results .........................................................................141.6. Waterbird count results for key coastal wetlands of Ukraine ..............................................181.6.1. Western Pridunavie ..............................................................................................................191.6.1.1. Kagul, Kugurlui and Yalpug Lakes ......................................................................................191.6.2. Eastern Pridunavie ...............................................................................................................201.6.2.1. Katlabukh, Safi any and Kitai Lakes .....................................................................................201.6.3. Danube Wetlands .................................................................................................................211.6.3.1. Danube Delta .......................................................................................................................211.6.3.2. Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni ....................................................................................231.6.4. Tuzlovskie Limans ...............................................................................................................241.6.4.1. Sasyk Liman .........................................................................................................................241.6.4.2. Shagany, Alibei and Burnas Limans ....................................................................................251.6.5. Dniester Wetlands ................................................................................................................261.6.5.1 Budakskii & Gribovskii Limans ..........................................................................................261.6.5.2. Dniester Liman .....................................................................................................................271.6.5.3. Dniester Delta and Kuchurganskii Liman ............................................................................271.6.6. Odessa Limans .....................................................................................................................281.6.6.1. Sukhoi Liman ....................................................................................................................281.6.6.2. Khadzibeiskii Liman ............................................................................................................301.6.6.3. Odessa Bay ...........................................................................................................................311.6.6.4. Kuyalnitskii Liman ..............................................................................................................321.6.6.5. Adzhalykskii Limans ...........................................................................................................331.6.7. Tiligulskii and Berezanskii Limans .....................................................................................341.6.7.1. Tiligulskii Liman .................................................................................................................341.6.7.2. Berezanskii Liman ...............................................................................................................341.6.8. Dniepro–Bugskie Wetlands ..................................................................................................351.6.8.1. Dniepro–Bugskii Liman .......................................................................................................351.6.9. Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands .....................................................................................361.6.9.1. Yagorlytskii Bay ..................................................................................................................361.6.9.2 Tendrovskii Bay ..................................................................................................................371.6.10. Dzharylgachskii Bay ............................................................................................................381.6.11. Southern coast of Crimea .....................................................................................................401.6.11.1. Sevastopol Bays ...................................................................................................................401.6.12. Eastern Sivash ......................................................................................................................411.6.12.1. Southern part of Eastern Sivash ...........................................................................................411.6.12.2. Northern part of Eastern Sivash ...........................................................................................421.6.13. Central Sivash ......................................................................................................................441.6.13.1. Southern part of Central Sivash ...........................................................................................441.6.13.2. Northern part of Central Sivash ...........................................................................................451.6.14. Western Sivash .....................................................................................................................461.6.15. Utlyukskie Wetlands ............................................................................................................481.6.15.1. Utlukskii and Sivashik Limans ...........................................................................................481.6.16. Molochanskie Wetlands .......................................................................................................49

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1.6.16.1. Molochnyi Liman .................................................................................................................491.7. References ............................................................................................................................492. Georgia ................................................................................................................................632.1. Coordination of counts and network of counters ................................................................632.2. Methodological aspects of organizing and conducting censuses .........................................632.3. The time period and sites coverage ......................................................................................632.4. Species coverage and general count results .........................................................................642.5. Waterbird count results for key coastal wetlands of Georgia ..............................................682.5.1. Churia Marshes ....................................................................................................................682.5.2. Black Sea Coast within Kolkheti National Park: Churia - Khobi and Khobi - Rioni ....................................................................................692.5.3. Black Sea Coast adjacent to Kolkheti National Park ..........................................................692.5.4. Partotskali Lake ...................................................................................................................702.5.5. Rioni River Delta ................................................................................................................712.5.6. Paliastomi Lake ....................................................................................................................722.5.7. Peat Cuttings (South of Paliastomi) .....................................................................................732.5.8. Khidmaghala Fishponds .......................................................................................................742.5.9. Ispani Marshes (Kobuleti National Reserve) .......................................................................752.5.10. Chorokhi River Delta ...........................................................................................................752.5.11 Additional data from different parts of Georgian Coast ......................................................763. Turkey .................................................................................................................................783.1. Coordination of counts, network of counters and methodological aspects of the counts ...........................................................................................................783.2. The time period and sites coverage ......................................................................................783.3. Species coverage and general count results .........................................................................803.4. Waterbird count results for key coastal wetlands of Turkey ................................................843.4.1. Artvin Coast .........................................................................................................................843.4.2. Rize Coast ............................................................................................................................843.4.3. Trabnzon Coast ....................................................................................................................863.4.4. Giresun Coast .......................................................................................................................863.4.5. Ordu Coast ...........................................................................................................................883.4.6. Samsun Coast .......................................................................................................................893.4.7. Yeşilirmak Delta ..................................................................................................................963.4.8. Kizilirmak Delta ...................................................................................................................963.4.9. Sinop Coast ..........................................................................................................................963.4.10. Sarikum Lake .......................................................................................................................983.4.11. Amasra Coast .......................................................................................................................993.4.12. Zonguldak Coast ................................................................................................................1003.4.13. Sakarya Delta .....................................................................................................................1013.4.14. Istanbul Coast (Kilyos – Riva – Şile coasts) .....................................................................1033.4.15 Bosphorus ..........................................................................................................................1043.4.16. Terkos Lake ........................................................................................................................1053.4.17. Iğneada ...............................................................................................................................1093.5. References .......................................................................................................................... 1114. Conclusions on IWC current status and generalized results of winter

waterbird counts on Black Sea Coast of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey ..................... 1134.1. Current status of IWC methodological framework and infrastructure .............................. 1134.2. Overall results of wintering waterbirds counts in Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey ........................................................................................................... 114Annex 1 List of waterbird count participants and their contact details ...........................................121

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Introduction

The coastal wetlands of the Black Sea region are important for millions of waterbirds wintering each year in that region. This attracts attention from ornithologists from the Black Sea countries as well as from international conservation organizations. The fi rst counts were conducted about 80 years ago, but they were organised on a regular basis only due to the development of the International Waterbird Census (IWC). IWC has already quite a long history in the region – it was launched about 40 years ago, and a lot of data on wintering waterbirds was accumulated due to this. At the same time there is still a need for further improvement of IWC methodology and infrastructure in the Black Sea region, as well as using such improvements as a basis for development of monitoring system for migratory waterbirds. In relation to this in 2009 Wetlands International started the project Stop-over Black Sea: the importance of the Black Sea region in the migratory systems of waterbirds in the African - Eurasian Flyway, supported by BBI- MATRA fund. The project is directed at coastal wetlands of three Black Sea countries – Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine. The main partners of Wetlands International for this project are: Environmental Association “Psovi” in Georgia, Doga Dernegi in Turkey and the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station in Ukraine.

The aim of this report is to provide results of gap analysis of IWC in coastal wetlands of Georgia, Turkey and Ukraine, fi rst of all in relation to current status of its methodology and infrastructure, as well as to present count data for key coastal wetlands.

Ukraine

Kostiushyn V., Andryuschenko Yu.

Ukraine’ coastline is about 1,050 km long and includes many big bays, limans, lakes, deltas and other types of wetlands. 19 coastal wetlands are recognized as Ramsar sites. The majority of these wetlands play a very important role for waterbirds and support many hundreds of thousands of them during their wintering along the country’s Azov-Black Sea coast. Winter waterbird counts have a long history in Ukraine. During that time Ukrainian scientists and birdwatchers have collected a large volume of information. This data has accumulated in IWC data base of Wetlands International and in IWC archives of Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station of Ukraine. A large part of the historical counts data is already published. Within the current project new data from the last few years of IWC counts has also been collected, which is dispersed among counters. The current overview is based on all of these sources of information.

1.1. Brief history of wintering waterbirds count The fi rst publications devoted to the wintering waterbirds in the south of Ukraine appeared in the

beginning of the 20th century concerning the Obitochna Spit (Костюченко, 1926, 1928а, 1928б, 1929а, 1929б, 1929с), the southern coast of the Crimea (Аверин, 1928; Даль, 1929), Yagorlytskii and Tendrovskii bays (Киселев, 1932). Only a few works appeared in the 1950s and 1960s (Берендейм, Перов, 1957; Федоренко, 1959, 1965). Regular winter counts of waterbirds were started in 1954 (Ар-дамацкая, 1975) by the Black Sea Nature Reserve and until 1984 were devoted to swans only. But in the 1970s in connection with the beginning of the systematic study of bird wintering sites the number of publications increased sharply and continues to grow up to the present day. A list of 200 publications devoted to the results of wintering waterbirds counts is presented at end of Ukrainian part of this report (see 1.7 References).

A systematic study of bird wintering sites was initiated by the Institute of Zoology of NASU. One of the key organizers of the research was B. Sabinevskiy. Under his guidance a vast body of data was collected. The development of monitoring efforts set the requirements for establishing a unifi ed methodology. A major impetus for the transition from uncoordinated research of wintering birds to a comprehensive monitoring programme was the participation of Ukrainian ornithologists in the International Waterbird

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Census, the coordinating role of the Azov–Black Sea Station and support from the Black Sea Programme of Wetlands International. Today the winter census of wetland birds is a constituent part of the Regional Ornithological Monitoring Programme (ROM) developed and implemented by the Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station.

To stimulate participation of professional ornithologists and birdwatchers in IWC, from the mid 1990s different Ukrainian organizations – Nature Heritage Fund, Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station and some others, together with Wetlands International Black Sea Programme, have regularly published results of waterbirds counts in brochure format. In the last few years this information has been published in several ROM bulletins.

1.2. Coordination of counts and network of organizations participating in IWCSurveys in Ukraine are managed at two levels. The top level is the national coordinator responsible for

organizing the work within the country and the second is represented by regional coordinators responsible for surveys undertaken in the regions and covering several wetlands or one large site. For the last 10 years the national coordinators have usually been representatives of Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station.

From 1998 Wetlands International Black Sea offi ce has supported IWC in Ukraine through different projects, by printing count results, improvement of methodology and, partly, fi eld work.

The number of participants, both counters and organizations, varies from year to year, nevertheless there remains a stable core group of participants. This ensures the stable distribution of sites amongst the participants, at least at the regional level. In the western part of the Azov–Black Sea coastline – from the Danube to the Berezanskii Liman – counts are accomplished mainly by personnel of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Mechnikov University of Odessa, Mechnikov Research Antiplague Institute, Odessa Zoo and representatives of some other organizations, as well as birdwatchers. The Dniepro–Bugskii Liman, Yagorlytskii, Tendrovskii and Dzharylgachskii bays are mainly covered by personnel of the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve and the Regional Landscape Park “Kinburnskaya Kosa”. Karkinitskiy Bay, Sivash, Kerch Peninsula Wetlands, Utlyukskii and Molochnyi Limans are mainly counted by the Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Biosphere Reserve “Askania-Nova” and Melitopol State Pegagogical University. On the Crimean coast from Sevastopol to Feodosiya, as well as in inland waterbodies of this region, counts are accomplished by staff from Karadag Nature Reserve, Nikitskiy Botanical Garden, Crimea State Plague Control Station and the Sevastopol branch of the Institute of Biology of Southern Seas. The Azov coast (east of the Molochnyi Liman), including the Obitochnaya, Berdyanskaya, Belosarayskaya and Kryvaya spits, and bays of the same names, are monitored predominantly by the National Nature Park “Meotida”. In total during last 15 years more than 50 people have taken part in IWC in Ukraine, with an average number of 20 – 30 participants per year. The majority of counters have already participated in IWC for about 10 – 15 years, and some of them even more than 20. The list of key participants and their contact details and names of the wetlands counted are presented in Annex 1. IWC participants annually hold meetings to discuss results of waterbird counts conducted and to plan further activities.

1.3. Methodological aspects of organizing and conducting censusesAlthough the transition to a systematic study of wintering bird sites in the Azov–Black Sea region oc-

curred far back in the 1950s, the real establishment of a monitoring programme began only in the early 1990s and is still in the phase of its completion. This is particularly true of such fundamental attributes of any monitoring programme as standardization of methods for collecting data, formation of a unifi ed territorial scheme (i.e., site delimitation) for accomplishing counts, and establishment of a protocol for recording primary data. Consequently, despite the enormous volume of information collected during the winter counts in the Azov–Black Sea region of Ukraine, in many cases it is fairly diffi cult to analyze the data. The main reasons for this situation are the following:

– the lack of a fi nal agreed list of wetlands where surveys are conducted and maps with exact boundar-ies of the sites;

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– submitted information is often a combination of data from several sites, or sometimes even different years;

– in most cases there is no information on count coverage of each concrete wetland; – the category “zero data” is absent. This category means results of a survey under which, for whatever

reason, no birds were recorded at the site.For quite a while serious attempts have been made by the Wetlands International Black Sea Programme

and the Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station to correct these defi ciencies. First of all, the problem was discussed at the 25th Meeting of the Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Work Group (14–16 October 2005, Melitopol), where a decision was adopted to standardize the midwinter counts in the region for a more comprehensive integration into the International Waterfowl Census. The methodological recommendations for conducting the IWC were elaborated by Wetlands International (Delany, 2005), however the opinion of Ukrainian ornithologists, was to customize them to Ukrainian realities, namely:

– the large areas of Ukrainian wetlands;– small number of potential counters (both professional and even more – amateurs);– shortage of fi nancial and technical facilities (vehicles, fuel, optics, computers, communication sets

etc.). On account of the large sizes of the wetlands and the corresponding length of survey routes, the main

method for bird censuses is moving along the edge of a wetland by vehicle and stopping from time to time in places good for viewing the site. Since hard surface roads in many cases are absent, access to the site by vehicle can be hampered by deep snow or in mild winters by mud. It was recommended that surveys should not last more than fi ve days, within which period, as a rule, the weather in the region stays relatively stable.The traditional dates for the census are 17th – 22nd of January, but they are allowed to shift between the 15th and 24th of January.

As mentioned above, the drawing–up of a fi nal list of survey sites and delimiting their boundaries is one of the main problems on the path to standardizing wetland bird counts in Ukraine. In 2006 another attempt was undertaken to solve the problem – the Azov–Black Sea region was split into 27 survey units, relatively equal in size (see Pic.1).

Unfortunately, until today, delimitation of sites within consolidated sites has not been fi nalized. Since one of the main aims of distinguishing subunits is to achieve maximum convenience and effi ciency in

1.Western Pridunavie; 2.Eastern Pridunavie; 3.Danube Wetlands; 4.Tuzlovskie Limans; 5.Dniester Wetlands; 6.Odessa Limans; 7.Tiligulski and Berezanski Limans; 8.Dniepro–Bugskie Wetlands; 9.Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands; 10.Dzharylgachskii Bay; 11.Northern part of Karkinitskii Bay; 12.Southern part of Karkinitskii Bay; 13.Tarkhankut Wetlands; 14.Western coast of Crimea; 15.Southern coast of Crimea; 16.Southern Wetlands of Kerch peninsula; 17.Northern Wetlands of Kerch peninsula; 18.Crimea Mountain Wetlands; 19.Crimea Plain Wetlands; 20.Southern part of Eastern Sivash; 21 Northern part of Eastern Sivash; 22.Southern part of Central Sivash; 23.Northern part of Central Sivash; 24.Western Sivash; 25.Utlyukskiye Wetlands; 26.Molochanskiye Wetlands; 27.Northern Priazovie.

Pic.1 List of consolidated sites for IWC

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counts, it should be compulsory to have their sizes and boundaries agreed upon by regional coordinators and on–ground counters. The current stage of this process is presented in the list below, which include names of consolidated sites and sites (wetlands or their parts) for IWC conducting on the Azov–Black Sea coast of Ukraine:

1.0 Western Pridunavie1.1 Kagul Lake1.2 Kartal Lake1.3 Kugurlui & Yalpug Lakes2.0 Eastern Pridunavie2.1 Katlabukh Lake2.2 Safi any Lake2.3 Kitai Lake3.0 Danube Wetlands3.1 Danube Delta3.2 Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni3.3 Zhebriianov Bay 4.0 Tuzlovskie Limans4.1 Sasyk Liman with adjacent limans4.2 Shagany & Alibei & Burnas Limans5.0 Dniester Wetlands5.1 Budakskii Liman5.2. Gribovskii Liman5.3 Dniester Liman5.4 Dniester Delta5.5 Kuchurganskii Liman6.0 Odessa Limans6.1 Sukhoi Liman6.2 Khadzhibeiskii Liman6.3 Odessa Bay6.4 Kuyalnitskii Liman6.5 Adzhalykskie Limans7.0 Tiligulskii and Berezanskii Limans7.1 Tiligulskii Liman7.2 Berezanskii Liman8.0 Dniepro–Bugskie Wetlands8.1 Dnieper Delta8.2 Dniepro–Bugskii Liman8.3 Kinburnskaya Spit Wetlands9.0 Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands9.1 Yagorlytskii Bay9.2 Tendrovskii Bay10.0 Dzharylgachskii Bay11.0 Northern part of Karkinitskii Bay12.0 Southern part of Karkinitskii Bay13.0 Tarkhankut Wetlands13.1 Donuzlav Lake13.2 Yarylgach Bay with adjacent lakes13.3 Karzhinskii Bay with adjacent lakes14.0 Western coast of Crimea 14.1 Sasyk Lake (Crimea)14.2 Sakskoe Lake

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14.3 Kalamitskii Bay14.4 Kuzul-Yar Lake15.0 Southern coast of Crimea15.1 Sevastopol Bays15.2 SC of Crimea (Balaklava - Simeiz)15.3 SC of Crimea (Alupka - Yalta Bay)15.4 SC of Crimea (Gurzuf - Alushta)15.5 SC of Crimea (Alushta - Sudak Bay)15.6 SC of Crimea (Meganom Cape - Kurortnoe)16.0 Southern Wetlands of Kerch peninsula16.1 Feodosiya Bay16.2 Tobechikskoe Lake16.3 Koyashskoe Lake16.4 Uzunlarskoe Lake17.0 Northern Wetlands of Kerch peninsula17.1 Aktashskoe Lake 17.2 Astaninskie Plavni 17.3 Kerch Water Reservour17.4 Chokrakskoe Lake17.5 Achi Lake17.6 Akmonaiskoe Lake17.7 Kuchuk-Adzigol Lake17.8 Adzigol Lake18.0 Crimean Mountain Wetlands18.1 Zagorskoe Water Reservour18.2 Partizanskoe Water Reservour18.3 Simferopolskoe Water Reservour18.4 Belogorskoe Water Reservour18.5 Barakol Lake18.6 Koktebel Basins19.0 Crimean Plain Wetlands19.1 Mezhgornoe Water Reservour20.0 Southern part of Eastern Sivash21.0 Northern part of Eastern Sivash22.0 Southern part of Central Sivash23.0 Northern part of Central Sivash24.0 Western Sivash25.0 Utlyukskie Wetlands25.1 Utlukskii Liman25.2 Sivashik Liman25.2 Frunzenskoe Lake26.0 Molochanskiye Wetlands26.1 Molochnyi Liman26.2 Tubal`skii Liman27.0 Northern Priazovie27.1 Obitochnaya Spit & Bay27.2 Berdianskaya Spit & Bay27.3 Belosarayskaya Spit & Bay27.4 Krivaya Spit & Bay

In this case large sites were split into smaller ones, whereas minor water bodies were pooled. This doesn’t mean that within the survey units smaller ones cannot be distinguished, and primary data should

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be collected within these survey subunits. For instance, such a large water body as the Sivash has been split into fi ve survey units – Sivash Western, Southern and Northern parts of Central Sivash, Southern and Northern parts of Eastern Sivash, each having their distinct natural boundaries. In their turn all of them can easily be split into subunits since these areas include large bays, adjacent lakes etc. An example of pooling sites can be the site Western Pridunavie, which consists of several water bodies – Kagul Lake, Kartal Lake, Kugurlui & Yalpug Lakes. This approach makes it easier to organize the fi eld work (in particular recruiting and maintaining the network of regional coordinators), leaving at the same time the option for a detailed account of bird numbers and accumulation of data. It should be stressed that the boundaries of the survey units and subunits do not always coincide with the borders of the water bodies. It has been taken into account that many bird species spend their day time on land near the water body and not on the water (geese, some ducks, gulls etc.), so the boundaries of many units cross dry land as well. For this reason counts embrace areas adjacent to the water body.

In order to make it easier to deliver data to the national coordinator an electronic (digital) form has been developed. This form has been elaborated according to the methodological recommendations set for the IWC (Delany, 2005). The completed form together with the map (Pic.2) of the survey unit is passed over to the regional coordinator. The map indicates:

– site borders;– land and water areas covered by the census;– places of the highest concentration of water birds (numbers and species composition of the

concentration). For a unifi ed understanding by the counters of what is meant by the term “the size of a

concentration” a special table has been elaborated for estimating for various bird species the minimum number of individuals which can be considered as a concentration (Table 1). This will allow mapping the concentrations within the survey area. Mixed concentrations will be recorded if the number of at least one of the constituent species exceeds the number quoted in the table for that particular species.

Pic. 2 Сount map for IWC site Tendrovskii Bay

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Table 1. The minimum number of wintering birds which can be considered as a concentrationN Species Number of

birdsN Species Number of

birds1. Podiceps nigricollis 300 21. Anas spp. 3002. Podiceps grisegena 100 22. Netta rufi na 303. Podiceps cristatus 100 23. Aythya ferina 10004. Podicipedidae spp. 300 24. Aythya nyroca 505. Phalacrocorax carbo 150 25. Aythya fuligula 7006. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 40 26. Aythya marila 1507. Egretta alba 40 27. Aythya spp. 10008. Branta rufi collis 80 28. Bucephala clangula 209. Anser anser 80 29. Mergellus albellus 3010. Anser albifrons 1500 30. Mergus serrator 2011. Anser spp. 1500 31. Mergus merganser 1012. Cygnus olor 400 32. Anatinae spp. 70013. Cygnus cygnus 10 33. Fulica atra 200014. Cygnus spp. 400 34. Vanellus vanellus 20015. Tadorna ferruginea 20 35. Numenius arquata 3516. Tadorna tadorna 200 36. Larus minutus 10017. Anas platyrhynchos 2000 37. Larus ridibundus 150018. Anas crecca 1000 38. Larus cachinnans 35019. Anas penelope 300 39. Larus canus 10020. Anas acuta 1000 40. Larus spp. 1500

1.4. The time period and sites coverageRegular winter counts of waterbirds were started in 1954 by the Black Sea Nature Reserve and until

1984 were devoted to swans only. From 1991 the geography of counts was seriously improved and already in that year were included 18 key wetlands along the Azov–Black sea coast of Ukraine from the Danube Delta up to the northern coast of the Azov Sea. In 1998 the number of sites counted reached a maximum - 32 (Pic.3). It is necessary to mention that even now some IWC information dispersed among counters has not been published or even submitted to the national coordinator. During the Stop Over Black Sea project IWC data for 2005 – 2010 was mainly collected from counters and published in ROM bulletin of the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station with support of Welands International.

Detailed information of site coverage is presented in Table 2. This also demonstrates one of the biggest methodological problems of IWC in Ukraine – irregular counting of many sites (even key sites) and submission of combined information for several sites, which also can vary from year to year. Such mixed, overlapping data makes analysis of IWC results more diffi cult.

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Table 2. Sites coverage during the IWC 1954 – 2010 in Ukraine

Site name

1954 –1990199119931995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

1. Western PridunavieKagul.Kugurlui & Yalpug Lakes 1 1 1 1 1 1 2. Eastern PridunavieKatlabukh, Safi any & Kitai Lakes 1 1 1 13. Danube WetlandsDanube Delta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zhebriianov Bay 1 Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni 1 1 1 1 1 1 4. Tuzlovskie LimansSasyk Lake with adjacent limans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Shagany-Alibei & Burnas Limans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tuzlovskie Limans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5. Dniester WetlandsBudakskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 Budakskii & Gribovskii Limans 1 1 1 1 Dniester Delta & Kuchurganskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kuchurganskii Liman 1 1 1 Dniestrovskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3519

54 -9

0

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Pic.3 Number of sites counted during the IWC 1954 – 2010

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Dniester Wetlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16. Odessa LimansSukhoi Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Khadzibeiskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Odessa Bay 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kuyalnitskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ajalykskii Limans 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Odessa Limans 1 1 1 7. Tiligulskii and Berezanskii LimansTiligulskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Berezanskii Liman 1 1 1 Tiligulsko-Berezanskie Wetlands 18. Dniepro–Bugskie WetlandsDniepro–Bugskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dniepro-Bugskie Wetlands 1 1 1 1 1 9.Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie WetlandsBlack Sea State Biosphere Reserve 1 1 1 1 1 Yagorlytskii Bay 1 1 1 1 Tendrovskii Bay 1 1 1 1 1 Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands 1 1 1 1 1 110. Dzharylgachskii Bay 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111. Northern part of Karkinitskii Bay 113. Tarkhankut WetlandsDonuzlav Lake 1 1 1 Tarkhankut Wetlands 1 14. Western coast of CrimeaSasyk Lake (Crimea) 1 1 Western coast of Crimea 1 1 15. Southern coast of CrimeaSevastopol bays 1 Southern coast of Crimea 1 1 1 1 Southern coast of Crimea: Karadag–Lisaya Inlet 1 1 1 1

16. Southern wetlands of Kerch peninsulaFeodosiya Bay 1 1 Southern wetlands of Kerch peninsula 1 1 1 17. Northern wetlands of Kerch peninsulaAchi Lake 1 Akmonaiskoe Lake 1 1 1 Aktashskoe Lake 1 Adzihol Lake 1 1 Northern wetlands of Kerch peninsula 1 1 1 1 1 18. Crimean Mountain Wetlands

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Simferopolskoe Water Reservour 1 1Koktebel Basins 1 1 Barakol Lake 1 1 1 Crimean Mountain Wetlands 19. Crimean Plain WetlandsMezhgornoe Water Reservour 1 1 20. Southern part of Eastern Sivash 1 1 1 1 121. Northern part of Eastern Sivash 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 120. Southern part of Eastern Sivash + 21. Northern part of Eastern Sivash 1 1 1 1

22. Southern part of Central Sivash 1 1 123. Northern part of Central Sivash 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 122. Southern part of Central Sivash + 23. Northern part of Central Sivash 1 1 1 1

24. Western Sivash 1 1 1 1 1 1 125. Utlyukskie WetlandsUtlukskii & Sivashik Limans 1 1 Utlukskii Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 Frunzenskoe Lake 1 26. Molochanskiye WetlandsMolochnyi Liman 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27. Northern PriazovieObitochnaya Spit & Bay 1 1 Berdianskaya Spit & Bay 1 1 1Northern Priazovie 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 1 18 11 15 16 19 32 27 24 23 10 22 4 14 16 14 15 13 9

1.5. Species coverage and general count results For the period 1984 – 2010 a total of 6,168,878 birds of 90 waterbird species have been counted,

with numbes ranging from 14,053 in 1987 to 801,161 in 2001 (Pic.4). The number of birds per year was dependent on two factors – weather conditions and spatial coverage. Spatial coverage can be described by two key parameters – number of key sites counted per year and coverage of each concrete wetland included in counts. The fi rst index is clearer from existing data, excluding cases where information has been combined for several big wetlands in one pool, and reported as a whole. The infl uence of the second indicator on count results is impossible to evaluate since the collection from the counters of maps showing count coverage for each wetland was only begun in the last few years. This last indicator is really important for large wetlands, but all key wetlands along the Ukrainian Black Sea coast are large.

Among the most numerous species observed during IWC were Anas platyrhynchos (1,464,354 birds / 23.7%) and Anser albifrons (1,418,728 / 23.0%).

The followings 9 species were much less common, but nevertheless total for each of these species exceed 100 thousand birds: Fulica atra – 569,201, Aythya ferina – 470,361, Aythya fuligula – 287,705, Cygnus olor – 243,904, Aythya marila – 187,916, Larus canus – 159,801, Tadorna tadorna – 140,471, Branta rufi collis – 119,352, Larus cachinnans – 109,261 (Pic.5, Table 3).

Beside waterbirds, 1407 individuals of the wetland–dependent raptor Haliaeetus albicilla were counted. Other species of raptors and passerines were not included in the report since only some of the counters count them and the data don’t refl ect the real picture.

Comparison of the ratios of different taxonomic groups shows that the most numerous is Anseriformes

15


Pic.4 Number of waterbirds during the IWC 1984 – 2010

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

9000001984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Pic. 5 The most common waterbird species observed at sites along the Ukraine coast

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000

Anas penelope

Anser anser

Bucephala clangula

Larus ridibundus

Larus cachinnans

Branta ruficollis

Tadorna tadorna

Larus canus

Aythya marila

Cygnus olor

Aythya fuligula

Aythya ferina

Fulica atra

Anser albifrons

Anas platyrhynchos

16


– 5,197,470 / 84.25% birds. Much less numerous are Gruiformes – 571,513 / 9.26% and Charadriiformes – 363,475 / 5.89%. Other bird orders were represented only by a small number of birds – Pelecaniformes – 20,292 /0.33%, Podicipediformes – 12,344 / 0.20%, Ciconiiformes – 3,545 / 0.06% , Gaviiformes – 238 /0.01% and Procellariiformes – 1 / <0.01%

Table 3. The total numbers of birds counted for period 1984 – 2010Order Family Species name Total %

Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellata 3 <0.01Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia arctica 235 <0.01 Sub–total 238 <0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus rufi collis 3543 0.06Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollis 3150 0.05Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps auritus 44 <0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps grisegena 264 <0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus 5247 0.09Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podicipedidae spp. 96 <0.01 Sub–total 12344 0.20Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus puffi nus 1 <0.01

Sub–total 1 <0.01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus crispus 162 <0.01Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo 10594 0.17Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax aristotelis 506 0.01Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 9028 0.15Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax spp. 2 <0.01 Sub–total 20292 0.33Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Botaurus stellaris 150 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax 24 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis 1 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta alba 2062 0.03Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta 233 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta/Bubulcus spp. 6 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea 1066 0.02Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea purpurea 2 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia 1 <0.01 Sub–total 3545 0.06Anseriformes Anatidae Branta leucopsis 14 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Branta rufi collis 119352 1.94Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser 55252 0.90Anseriformes Anatidae Anser albifrons 1418728 23.00Anseriformes Anatidae Anser erythropus 1451 0.02Anseriformes Anatidae Anser fabalis 369 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anser caerulescens 9 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anser spp. 4298 0.07Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olor 243904 3.95

17


Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnus 21740 0.35Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus columbianus 244 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus spp. 34960 0.57Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna ferruginea 1269 0.02Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadorna 140471 2.28Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos 1464354 23.74Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca 8911 0.14Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera 660 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas penelope 48213 0.78Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta 6329 0.10Anseriformes Anatidae Anas querquedula 810 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeata 955 0.02Anseriformes Anatidae Anatinae spp. 364202 5.90Anseriformes Anatidae Netta rufi na 19510 0.32Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya ferina 470361 7.63Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca 3335 0.05Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya fuligula 287705 4.66Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya marila 187716 3.04Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya spp. 173198 2.81Anseriformes Anatidae Clangula hyemalis 579 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Bucephala clangula 57649 0.94Anseriformes Anatidae Somateria mollissima 2782 0.05Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta nigra 403 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta fusca 151 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Oxyura leucocephala 1 0.00Anseriformes Anatidae Mergellus albellus 42335 0.69Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus serrator 7653 0.12Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser 7598 0.12 Sub–total 5197470 84.25Gruiformes Gruidae Grus grus 66 <0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Rallus aquaticus 466 0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Porzana porzana 4 <0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Porzana parva 22 <0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropus 1754 0.03Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica atra 569201 9.23 Sub–total 571513 9.26Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis squatarola 455 0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricaria 1 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius hiaticula 3 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius alexandrinus 1 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus vanellus 15 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus leucurus 1 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Arenaria interpres 2 <0.01

18


Charadriiformes Charadriidae Recurvirostra avosetta 7 <0.01Charadriiformes Haemotopidae Haematopus ostralegus 26 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochropus 24 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa totanus 7 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa spp. 105 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Philomachus pugnax 4 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alpina 5256 0.09Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris canutus 222 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alba 213 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris spp. 616 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Lymnocryptes minimus 3 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago 44 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax rusticola 7 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata 1153 0.02Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopus 4 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius spp. 51 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosa 2 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadrii spp. 24 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ichthyaetus 4101 0.07Charadriiformes Laridae Larus melanocephalus 89 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus minutus 1311 0.02Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ridibundus 64349 1.04Charadriiformes Laridae Larus genei 220 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus fuscus 81 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus argentatus 86 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus cachinnans 109261 1.77Charadriiformes Laridae Larus canus 159801 2.59Charadriiformes Laridae Larus spp. 15924 0.26Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna sandvicensis 6 <0.01 Sub–total 363475 5.89 TOTAL 6168878 100.00Falconiformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus albicilla 1407 TOTAL 6170285

1.6. Waterbird count results for key coastal wetlands of UkraineIn the course of conducting IWC in Ukraine a huge amount of information on wintering watebirds

has been collected. For analysis of key sites only part of this data was used. The main reason for this is related to the question of combined count data. The basic methodological principle of IWC is site based counts, this means conducting long term counts using the same network of wetlands or their parts (for big wetlands). As was mentioned above, in Ukraine, which has a long sea coastline with many big wetlands, there is still no fi nal delimitation of the count areas. Beside this, counters quite often submit information for several sites together and from year to year such combinations may be different (see Тable 2).

For example for the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, count reports for 1984 – 1991 refer to “Black Sea Reserve” that is possibly Yagorlytskii and Tendorvskii Bays, but also may include some other areas.

19


More recent data – 2006 – 2010 refer to “Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands”, which includes both bays. Another example is the Dniester Wetlands, which has been counted from 1991 and includes several limans. For some years reports refer to “Kuchurganskii Liman”, for other ones – “Kuchurganskii Liman and Dniester Delta”. In some cases the situation is even more complicated – there are reports both for “Kuchurganskii Liman” and “Kuchurganskii Liman and Dniester Delta”, submitted by different coun-ters. In other years reports refer to “Dniester Wetlands, but for 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1996 they do not include Budakskii and Gribovskii Limans, but the same “Dniester Wetlands” in 2006 - 2010 include both of these limans. A similar situation exists for the largest coastal wetland complex of Ukraine – Sivash.

To describe count results for key sites, from the collected information were selected only series of count results which are related to concrete wetlands or sometimes a group of adjacent wetlands. Very small sites were excluded. Location of count sites is presented in Pic.6.

1.6.1. Western Pridunavie

1.6.1.1. Kagul, Kugurlui and Yalpug Lakes Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 6 times (Table 4), during which 29

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Стойловский, 2003; Стойловский, Кивганов, 2009). The average number of birds per count was 5,276 (R= 910 – 14,680). The average number of species was – 13.5 (R= 8 – 23). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 3,718; R= 100 – 10,200), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 736; R= 0 – 4,095), Cygnus olor (A= 252; R= 0 – 870) and Fulica atra (A= 187; R= 0 – 300).

Table 4. The number of waterbird species observed at Kagul, Kugurlui and Yalpug Lakes

N Species

1995

1996

1997

1998

2003

2006

1. Podiceps grisegena 5 2. Podiceps cristatus 5 3. Phalacrocorax carbo 24 5 4 174. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 68 275 5 135. Botaurus stellaris 15 1 36. Nycticorax nycticorax 2 7. Egretta alba 1 3 10 78. Egretta garzetta 29. Ardea cinerea 10 19 610. Branta rufi collis 60 150 180 911. Anser anser 16 452 5912. Anser albifrons 100 5500 500 1000 5008 1020013. Anser caerulescens 1 14. Cygnus olor 540 870 10 26 4 7215. Cygnus cygnus 25 60 8 16. Anas platyrhynchos 20 60 300 409517. Netta rufi na 55 18. Aythya ferina 120 3 219. Aythya nyroca 15 20. Aythya fuligula 130 921. Aythya marila 30 5

20


22. Bucephala clangula 623. Mergellus albellus 55 24. Haliaeetus albicilla 3 7 625. Gallinula chloropus 2 26. Fulica atra 130 300 300 300 9227. Larus ridibundus 5 4 3528. Larus fuscus 25 29. Larus cachinnans 40 20 1 2130. Larus canus 50 30 5 26

Total number of birds 1048 7526 910 1836 5657 14680Total number of species 11 23 10 10 8 19

1.6.2. Eastern Pridunavie

1.6.2.1. Katlabukh, Safi any and Kitai LakesOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 4 times (Table 5), during which 26

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998). The average number of birds per count was 27,002 (R= 3,364 – 76,535). The average number of species was – 12 (R= 5 – 16). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 20,882; R= 530 – 70,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 4,730; R= 130 –14,130), Branta rufi collis (A= 325; R= 100 – 1,000), Anser anser (A= 310; R= 0 – 920).

Table 5. The number of waterbird species observed at Katlabukh, Safi any and Kitai Lakes

N Species

1995

1996

1997

1998

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 2 2. Podiceps nigricollis 5 3. Podiceps grisegena 5 4. Phalacrocorax carbo 200 60 25 35. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 150 45 6. Egreatta alba 7 407. Ardea cinerea 158. Branta rufi collis 1000 100 100 1009. Anser anser 300 20 92010. Anser albifrons 70000 8000 5000 53011. Anser erythropus 7 12. Cygnus olor 470 160 12213. Cygnus cygnus 20 20 44214. Tadorna ferruginea 80 15. Anas platyrhynchos 3650 14130 130 101016. Anas acuta 1817. Netta rufi na 45 18. Aythya ferina 600 19. Mergellus albellus 115

21


20. Mergus serrator 15 21. Mergus merganser 46 23. Haliaeetus albicilla 1 624. Fulica atra 5 25. Larus ichthyaetus 3026. Larus cachinnans 120 12827. Larus canus 9

Total number of birds 76535 22832 5275 3364Total number of species 16 14 5 13

1.6.3. Danube Wetlands

1.6.3.1. Danube DeltaOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 8 times (Table 6), during which 55

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Жмуд, 1999, 2001; Яковлев, 2011). The average number of birds per count was – 22,182 (R= 12,205 – 40,656). The average number of species was – 27.4 (R= 9 – 47). The most numerous species were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 5,194; R= 1,023 – 10,840), Aythya ferina (A= 4,999; R= 300 – 11,625), Aythya fuli-gula (A= 2,358; R= 0 – 7,370), Anser anser (A= 1,718; R= 0 – 4,480), Anser albifrons (A= 1,596; R= 0 – 6,700), Cygnus olor (A=1,511; R= 454 – 2,380).

Table 6. The number of waterbird species observed in the Danube Delta

N Species

1991

1993

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2009

1. Gavia arctica 1 1 2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 20 8 1 5 10 3. Podiceps nigricollis 34 12 8 68 4 54. Podiceps grisegena 4 3 1 5. Podiceps cristatus 58 74 13 3 176. Podicipedidae spp. 167. Pelecanus crispus 1 1 8. Phalacrocorax carbo 30 150 520 463 138 179 291 1409. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 43 1320 200 393 301 984 16910. Botaurus stellaris 5 5 2 12 2 11. Nycticorax nycticorax 3 12. Egretta alba 30 6 5 2 55 8 45 13. Egretta garzetta 3414. Ardea cinerea 10 10 1 17 2 32 1515. Branta leucopsis 4 4 6 16. Branta rufi collis 55 17. Anser anser 442 2700 646 454 1974 4480 305018. Anser albifrons 4000 6700 630 1100 80 95 165 19. Anser caerulescens 1

22


20. Cygnus olor 1930 2380 1930 1817 1100 537 1939 45421. Cygnus cygnus 1250 1599 820 457 1059 16122. Tadorna tadorna 200 30 5 12 129 3223. Anas platyrhynchos 8000 10840 5860 1023 1610 1974 9882 235924. Anas crecca 6 16 675 8525. Anas strepera 1026. Anas penelope 400 45 120 55 113 27. Anas acuta 70 3 45 1 58 28. Anas querquedula 1029. Aythya ferina 500 7900 300 11496 2900 4174 11625 110030. Aythya nyroca 1 4 31. Aythya fuligula 2000 320 7370 3870 1015 1227 306332. Aythya marila 120 6 33. Clangula hyemalis 6 34. Bucephala clangula 150 1287 2565 1235. Mergellus albellus 470 356 15 592 2115 34536. Mergus serrator 60 22 37. Mergus merganser 35 14 7 11 199 438. Haliaeetus albicilla 2 23 24 21 28 39. Rallus aquaticus 2 3 40. Gallinula chloropus 6 5 5 8 41. Fulica atra 1000 2 850 79 1140 344 1307 35542. Pluvialis squatarola 2 43. Vanellus vanellus 1 44. Recurvirostra avosetta 3 45. Haematopus ostralegus 146. Calidris alpina 120 25 6 47. Calidris alba 100 36 23 48. Gallinago gallinago 1 49. Scolopax rusticola 1 50. Numenius arquata 1 7 15 124 51 451. Larus ichthyaetus 1 4 480 2 1 52. Larus melanocephalus 1653. Larus minutus 3 54. Larus ridibundus 60 445 620 7955. Larus fuscus 2 56. Larus cachinnans 800 1400 660 1250 3297 894 67657. Larus canus 6 5 104

Total number of birds 16090 31275 18002 27240 14845 17150 40656 12205Total number of species 9 13 27 29 33 47 37 24

23


1.6.3.2. Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie PlavniOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 6 times (Table 7), during which 31

waterbird species were observed (Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 20,430 (R= 486 – 46,648). The average number of species was – 16.2 (R= 10 – 24). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 15,610; R= 0 – 40,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 2,810; R= 110 – 7,140), Anser anser (A= 711; R= 0 – 3,750), Cygnus olor (A= 426; R = 13 – 1,290), Branta rufi collis (A= 273; R= 0 – 815).

Table 7. The number of waterbird species observed in the Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni

N Species

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 302. Podiceps grisegena 8 3. Podiceps cristatus 14. Phalacrocorax carbo 70 45 40 83 76 55. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 300 41 77 237 256. Botaurus stellaris 5 5 2 7. Nycticorax nycticorax 2 2 1 8. Egretta alba 10 3 2 6 1 249. Ardea cinerea 5 11 1 2 510. Branta rufi collis 700 120 815 11. Anser anser 280 100 110 3750 25 12. Anser albifrons 40000 21000 660 27000 500013. Anser erythropus 7 14. Cygnus olor 1000 30 1290 140 13 8315. Cygnus cygnus 200 17 8 35 16. Anas platyrhynchos 3100 4500 1650 7140 110 36017. Netta rufi na 5 18. Aythya ferina 600 75 10 1019. Aythya nyroca 220. Aythya fuligula 200 46 21. Aythya marila 30 22. Mergellus albellus 80 14 23. Mergus serrator 124. Mergus merganser 225. Haliaeetus albicilla 11 3 2 1 26. Gallinula chloropus 2 1 27. Fulica atra 4 5 60 29 628. Numenius arquata 429. Larus ichthyaetus 120 30. Larus ridibundus 30 150 31. Larus cachinnans 40 50 98 300 20 20032. Larus canus 1 1


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1.6.4. Tuzlovskie Limans

1.6.4.1. Sasyk Liman and adjacent areaOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 10 times (Table 8), during which

32 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Пилюга, Тилле, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 18,521 (R= 5,551 – 39,171). The average number of species was – 13.5 (R = 7 – 21). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 8,958; R= 1,000 – 20,000), Aythya ferina (A= 3,545; R= 0 – 10,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 2,293; R= 55 – 14,000), Aythya fuligula (A= 1,014; R= 0 – 6,000), Fulica atra (A= 746; R= 0 – 7,000).

Table 8. The number of waterbird species observed at Sasyk Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Podiceps nigricollis 15 2 2. Podiceps grisegena 1 3. Podiceps cristatus 15 4 4 4. Phalacrocorax carbo 100 5 4

5.Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 140 20 13 2 240

6.Nycticorax nycticorax 1

7. Egretta alba 3 278. Ardea cinerea 1 1 9. Branta rufi collis 2000 30 8 80 45 250 60010. Anser anser 90 200 500 11. Anser albifrons 20000 16000 10000 3500 20000 1850 2030 6200 1000 900012. Anser erythropus 2 2 50 13. Anser fabalis 3 14. Cygnus olor 351 90 450 600 876 36 770 400 47 47515. Cygnus cygnus 20 40 114 271 317 300 10 16. Tadorna tadorna 20 30 25 5 60 3017. Anas platyrhynchos 14000 140 130 280 55 77 510 1500 120 612018. Anas acuta 1819. Aythya ferina 4600 6200 7000 650 1500 3000 10000 2000 50020. Aythya nyroca 3 10 21. Aythya fuligula 3000 70 55 1000 6000 2000 22. Aythya marila 20 23. Bucephala clangula 8 1200 24. Mergellus albellus 80 2700 2700 150 180 25. Mergus serrator 180 43 24 26. Mergus merganser 80 60 4 120 27. Haliaeetus albicilla 5 3 2 16 15 6 3

25


28. Fulica atra 10 40 100 100 7 7000 20029. Pluvialis squatarola 230. Larus ichthyaetus 128 31. Larus ridibundus 15 30 970 100 32. Larus cachinnans 70 20 200 200 98 600 50 77033. Larus canus 20 400

Total number of birds 39171 22645 20246 8020 24116 5551 8161 33730 5632 17962Total number of species 8 7 16 15 11 21 16 19 12 10

1.6.4.2. Shagany, Alibei and Burnas LimansOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 9 times (Table 9), during which 27

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 36,501 (R= 6,575 – 84,677). The average number of species was – 10.4 (R = 7 – 16). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 15,987; R = 500 – 40,000), Aythya ferina (A=10,659; R= 0 – 43,000), Aythya fuligula (A= 6,462; R= 0 – 26000), Branta rufi collis (A=1,680; R= 0 – 7,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 456; R= 0 – 1,500), Cygnus olor (A= 339; R= 0 – 1,160).

Table 9. The number of waterbird species observed at Shagany, Alibei and Burnas Limans

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Podiceps nigricollis 1 10 10 2. Podiceps cristatus 11 3. Egretta alba 12 5 2 4. Ardea cinerea 5 5. Branta rufi collis 2500 460 120 7000 40 50006. Anser anser 600 40 20 357. Anser albifrons 500 9500 21300 23500 19500 18000 6580 5000 400008. Anser erythropus 1 9. Cygnus olor 950 255 1160 500 150 3810. Cygnus cygnus 100 80 10 10 11. Tadorna tadorna 340 80 820 280 24 20012. Anas platyrhynchos 1500 280 560 900 120 180 60 50013. Anas acuta 100 14. Aythya ferina 600 640 43000 20000 690 4000 7000 20000 15. Aythya fuligula 160 14000 1000 2500 6000 8500 26000 16. Aythya marila 500 17. Bucephala clangula 8 18. Mergellus albellus 5 544 19. Mergus serrator 10 3 10 20. Mergus merganser 80 21. Haliaeetus albicilla 3 21 4 2 2 3

26


22. Fulica atra 12 5 23. Calidris alpina 150 24. Calidris canutus 55 25. Calidris spp. 100 26. Larus ridibundus 460 370 27. Larus genei 5 28. Larus cachinnans 250 50 280 10 53029. Larus spp. 2000

Total number of birds 6575 11198 84677 47338 23384 35209 22732 51092 46306Total number of species 10 12 16 14 8 11 8 7 8

1.6.5. Dniester Wetlands

1.6.5.1 Budakskii and Gribovskii Limans Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 9 times (Table 10), during which 15

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 9,550 (R= 1,150 – 26,540). The average num-ber of species was – 5.3 (R= 4 – 7). The most numerous species were Aythya ferina (A= 5,514; R= 0 – 20,100), Aythya fuligula (A= 1,759; R= 0 – 10,000), Fulica atra (A= 637; R= 0 – 5,080), Anser albifrons (A= 569; R= 0 – 5,000), Cygnus olor (A= 341; R= 2 – 700), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 248; R= 0 – 900).

Table 10. The number of waterbird species observed at Budakskii and Gribovskii Limans

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Podiceps cristatus 502. Egretta alba 25 3. Branta rufi collis 1500 4. Anser albifrons 5000 120 5. Cygnus olor 615 280 700 600 600 40 2 36 1956. Cygnus cygnus 30 150 130 105 7. Anas platyrhynchos 720 900 200 50 15 3508. Anas penelope 109. Aythya ferina 20100 4400 6100 2500 8370 160 8000 10. Aythya fuligula 1100 400 1200 3130 10000 11. Aythya marila 50 12. Bucephala clangula 2013. Haliaeetus albicilla 1 14. Fulica atra 5080 50 60015. Larus ridibundus 80 2030

27


16. Larus cachinnans 150 5 5Total number of birds 26540 6910 7231 4700 12180 6670 2517 18056 1150Total number of species 5 6 5 6 6 4 7 5 4

1.6.5.2. Dniester LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 6 times (Table 11), during which 18

waterbird species were observed (Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 13,657 (R= 125 – 63,020). The average number of species was – 5.6 (R= 2 – 8). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 8,350; R= 0 – 50,000), Branta rufi collis (A= 2,000; R= 0 – 12,000), Aythya ferina (A= 1,858; R= 0 – 10000) and Aythya fuligula (A= 600; R= 0 – 2000),

Table 11. The number of waterbird species observed at the Dniester Liman

N Species1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Podiceps cristatus 502. Podiceps nigricollis 15 3. Egretta alba 54. Ardea cinerea 35. Branta rufi collis 120006. Anser albifrons 50 50 500007. Anser erythropus 10008. Cygnus olor 30 2 10 129. Cygnus cygnus 30 250 10. Anas platyrhynchos 400 100 100 60 11. Aythya ferina 10000 500 500 150 12. Aythya fuligula 2000 1000 500 100 13. Aythya marila 30014. Bucephala clangula 25 15. Mergellus albellus 1500 200 16. Fulica atra 10017. Larus ridibundus 800 18. Larus cachinnans 100


1.6.5.3. Dniester Delta and Kuchurganskii LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 6 times (Table 12), during which 21

waterbird species were observed (Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 6,929 (R= 1,131 – 13,346). The average number of species

28


was – 11.3 (R= 8 – 15). The most numerous species were Fulica atra (A= 4,550; R= 0 – 12,000), Anser albifrons (A= 1,467; R= 50 – 5,000) and Anas platyrhynchos (A= 348; R= 50 – 800).

Table 12. The number of waterbird species observed at the Dniester Delta and Kuchurganskii Liman

N Species

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 1 2. Podiceps cristatus 53. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 18 4. Botaurus stellaris 1 1 2 105. Nycticorax nycticorax 36. Egretta alba 30 8 12 15 13 1377. Ardea cinerea 20 15 15 25 21 1278. Branta rufi collis 100 809. Anser anser 510. Anser albifrons 50 3000 150 600 500011. Anser erythropus 5 12. Cygnus olor 30 50 6 5513. Anas platyrhynchos 100 800 50 300 615 22014. Aythya ferina 500 500 15. Aythya fuligula 50 200 100 16. Mergellus albellus 7017. Haliaeetus albicilla 17 3 518. Gallinula chloropus 10 1219. Fulica atra 5500 2000 4000 12000 380020. Larus ridibundus 200 250 5 9 20021. Larus cachinnans 100 20 100 68 1222. Larus canus 100 50 2


1.6.6. Odessa Limans

1.6.6.1. Sukhoi Liman Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 9 times (Table 13), during which 31

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002; Панченко, Форманюк, Корзюков и др., 2004). The average number of birds per count was – 5,201 (R= 1,548 – 10,222). The average number of species was – 16 (R= 13 – 19). The most numerous species were Larus ridibundus (A= 1,044; R= 0 – 3,200), Larus cachinnans (A= 773; R= 22 – 4,010), Larus canus (A= 691; R= 40 – 5,400), Fulica atra (A= 610; R= 200 – 1,730) and Aythya ferina (A= 607; R= 8 – 3,200).

29


Table 13. The number of waterbird species observed at Sukhoi Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 40 39 30 30 52 68 83 38 682. Podiceps nigricollis 11 83 50 10 7 18 12 12 33. Podiceps grisegena 3 27 20 10 14 28 4. Podiceps cristatus 15 94 50 60 34 80 50 10 2505. Phalacrocorax carbo 1 2

6.Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 15 139

7. Botaurus stellaris 1 8. Egretta alba 3 9. Anser albifrons 100 500 10. Anser spp. 6311. Cygnus olor 287 304 300 260 158 290 113 64 23912. Cygnus cygnus 10 1 1 513. Anas platyrhynchos 730 102 200 200 181 240 413 325 190514. Anas crecca 25 25 15. Anas penelope 216. Anas acuta 1 3 17. Anas clypeata 1 18. Aythya ferina 226 144 3200 600 8 450 262 31 55019. Aythya nyroca 12 20. Aythya fuligula 45 567 900 100 110 840 546 34 63921. Aythya marila 100 22. Bucephala clangula 50 5 11 11 8323. Mergellus albellus 10 120 35 35 12824. Mergus serrator 30 2 3 3125. Haliaeetus albicilla 126. Gallinula chloropus 2 2 27. Fulica atra 700 260 480 200 200 1350 271 300 173028. Larus ichthyaetus 214 29. Larus ridibundus 2845 1200 1200 365 160 170 3200 26330. Larus fuscus 1 31. Larus cachinnans 75 800 500 85 22 350 114 1000 401032. Larus canus 130 5400 50 50 46 90 40 300 113


30


1.6.6.2. Khadzibeiskii Liman Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 9 times (Table 14), during which

were observed 27 waterbird species (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Фор-манюк и др., 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 2,425 (R= 298 – 8,814). The average number of species was – 10 (R= 4 – 16). The most numerous species were Aythya ferina (A= 590; R= 0 – 3,400), Larus ridibundus (A= 704; R= 0 – 3,000), Larus cachinnans (A= 423; R= 0 – 1,800).

Table 14. The number of waterbird species observed at Khadzibeiskii Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 33 1 11 7 272. Podiceps nigricollis 19 1 3. Podiceps grisegena 2 1 4. Podiceps cristatus 14 10

5.Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 30

6. Botaurus stellaris 2 1 7. Egretta alba 1 18. Branta rufi collis 20 9. Anser anser 60 10. Anser albifrons 35 30 1000 4311. Cygnus olor 5 10 410 30 2 12. Cygnus cygnus 10 13. Anas platyrhynchos 220 500 660 60 60 15 70 40 2614. Anas crecca 1315. Aythya ferina 200 80 3400 10 25 1500 100 16. Aythya nyroca 1 17. Aythya fuligula 20 1050 10 15 1318. Mergellus albellus 40 12 65 19. Mergus merganser 5 20. Rallus aquaticus 2 11321. Porzana parva 15 622. Gallinula chloropus 200 10 40 90 41 13223. Fulica atra 5 450 50 10 12 2 524. Tringa ochropus 2 25. Larus ridibundus 1600 1500 5 5 30 3000 20026. Larus cachinnans 40 1200 20 10 240 1800 50027. Larus canus 10 60


31


1.6.6.3. Odessa Bay Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 8 times (Table 15), during which 33

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002; Панченко, Форманюк, 2004а). The average number of birds per count was – 5,906 (R= 267 – 26,857). The average number of species was – 11.9 (R= 4 – 23). The most numerous species were Aythya fuligula (A= 2,288; R= 0 – 14,159), Aythya ferina (A=1,402; R= 0 – 5,000), Larus canus (A= 867; R= 0 – 6,323), Larus ridibundus (A= 662; R= 0 – 2,376), Larus cachinnans (A= 201; R= 0 – 680).

Table 15. The number of waterbird species observed in Odessa Bay

N Species

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

1. Gavia arctica 3 2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 2 2 93. Podiceps nigricollis 2 6 21 300 14. Podiceps grisegena 1 5. Podiceps cristatus 6 35 10 50 356. Pelecanus crispus 161 7. Phalacrocorax carbo 4 8. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 599. Botaurus stellaris 110. Egretta alba 111. Ardea cinerea 1 12. Anser albifrons 10013. Anser caerulescens 2 14. Cygnus olor 150 50 25 8 10 1115. Tadorna tadorna 200 500 416. Anas platyrhynchos 66 60 40 350 35217. Aythya ferina 5000 2500 500 480 1 100 263618. Aythya nyroca 7 19. Aythya fuligula 2000 500 550 250 650 200 1415920. Bucephala clangula 100 8 4 6421. Somateria mollissima 522. Mergellus albellus 65 23 3723. Mergus serrator 4 15 31524. Mergus merganser 10 20 225. Haliaeetus albicilla 1 26. Rallus aquaticus 327. Gallinula chloropus 6828. Fulica atra 2729. Tringa ochropus 430. Larus ichthyaetus 450 31. Larus ridibundus 2000 200 50 510 15 150 237632. Larus fuscus 4 4

32


33. Larus cachinnans 150 5 110 680 100 200 36534. Larus canus 50 5 30 350 90 90 6323


1.6.6.4. Kuyalnitskii Liman Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 10 times (Table 16), during which

18 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Фор-манюк и др., 2002; Форманюк, Гержик, 2004). The average number of birds per count was – 1,857 (R= 411 – 5,000). The average number of species was – 4.4 (R= 1 – 9). The most numerous species were Tadorna tadorna (A= 1,348; R= 275 – 5,000), Anser albifrons (A= 152; R= 0 – 1,500), Larus ridibundus (A= 100; R= 0 – 485).

Table 16. The number of waterbird species observed at Kuyalnitskii Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 65 2. Podiceps nigricollis 10 3. Podicipedidae spp. 80 4. Branta rufi collis 60 5. Anser anser 16. Anser albifrons 20 1500 27. Cygnus olor 4 8. Tadorna tadorna 2140 1200 700 275 1180 300 740 650 5000 13019. Anas platyrhynchos 50 200 30 45 3 40010. Aythya ferina 100 11. Bucephala clangula 1 12. Haliaeetus albicilla 1 13. Gallinula chloropus 16 14. Fulica atra 50 18 15. Numenius arquata 1 16. Larus ichthyaetus 150 17. Larus ridibundus 170 15 300 485 2918. Larus cachinnans 155 400 127 1119. Larus canus 70 48 7520. Larus spp. 400


33


1.6.6.5. Adzhalykskii Limans Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 7 times (Table 17), during which

29 waterbird species were observed (Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзю-ков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002; Форманюк, Панченко, Корзюков, 2004). The average number of birds per count was – 9,617 (R= 299 – 26,470). The average number of species was – 10,4 (R= 6 – 23). The most numerous species were Aythya fuligula (A= 3,032; R= 0 – 7,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 3,028; R= 19 –10,036), Aythya ferina (A=1,579; R= 0 – 3,551), Larus cachinnans (A= 828; R= 100 – 4,415), Fulica atra (A= 434; R= 0 – 2,732).

Table 17. The number of waterbird species observed at Adzhalykskii Limans

N Species

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 1762. Podiceps nigricollis 1 23. Podiceps grisegena 5 4. Podiceps cristatus 10 1295. Phalacrocorax carbo 16. Botaurus stellaris 1 7. Branta rufi collis 30 8. Anser anser 429. Anser albifrons 60 800 40 10. Cygnus olor 300 9 360 900 189 19 34411. Cygnus cygnus 200 112. Anas platyrhynchos 250 70 20 9000 1800 19 1003613. Anas crecca 114. Anas penelope 1215. Anas acuta 116. Aythya ferina 1500 500 3000 1500 1000 355117. Aythya fuligula 200 7000 5200 2000 3000 382118. Clangula hyemalis 119. Bucephala clangula 1 41020. Somateria mollissima 121. Mergellus albellus 5 17122. Mergus serrator 38323. Mergus merganser 50 324. Haliaeetus albicilla 2 25. Rallus aquaticus 1 26. Gallinula chloropus 1 27. Fulica atra 200 5 1 100 273228. Larus ridibundus 30 80 729. Larus cachinnans 500 150 150 280 200 100 441530. Larus canus 15 230

Total number of birds 2951 299 8861 18675 5838 4230 26470Total number of species 7 6 8 9 11 9 23

34


1.6.7. Tiligulskii and Berezanskii Limans

1.6.7.1. Tiligulskii LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 11 times (Table 18), during which

22 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык, 1999; Русев, Корзюков, Сацык и др., 2001; Русев, Корзюков, Форманюк и др., 2002; Форманюк, Панченко, 2004а). The average number of birds per count was – 6,873 (R= 90 – 55,536). The average number of species was – 6.6 (R= 2 – 17). The most numerous species were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 2,697; R= 3 – 25,230), Larus cachinnans (A= 1,127; R= 0 – 13,805), Fulica atra (A= 1,127; R= 0 – 12,400), Aythya ferina (A= 443; R= 0 – 2,000), Aythya fuligula (A= 405; R= 0 – 4,000).

Table 18. The number of waterbird species observed at Tiligulskii Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2003

2003

1. Podiceps nigricollis 130 2. Podiceps cristatus 20 290 3. Botaurus stellaris 1 1 4. Egretta alba 1 5. Anser anser 10 2 18 6. Anser albifrons 500 80 300 7. Cygnus olor 280 470 300 30 231 8 118. Cygnus cygnus 20 29. Tadorna tadorna 15 18 11

10. Anas platyrhynchos 1230 480 1400 10 10 1100 70 120 25230 3 1011. Anas penelope 7 12. Anas acuta 60 13. Aythya ferina 100 160 1000 2000 100 12 150014. Aythya fuligula 110 40 100 4000 200 415. Bucephala clangula 930 16. Haliaeetus albicilla 1 1 17. Rallus aquaticus 7 1 18. Gallinula chloropus 2 1 19. Fulica atra 12400 20. Larus ichthyaetus 2000 21. Larus ridibundus 150 70 370 1665 22. Larus cachinnans 120 5 1525 13805 1 23. Larus canus 10 85 515 90 50

Total number of birds 2310 630 2080 210 90 4840 6100 2111 55536 125 1577Total number of species 8 2 5 3 2 12 4 8 17 6 6

1.6.7.2. Berezanskii LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 3 times (Table 19), during which 9

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database). The average number of birds per count was – 2,878 (R= 1,390 – 5,400). The average number of species was – 4.7 (R= 3 – 8). The most numerous species

35


were Aythya ferina (A= 1,383; R= 150 – 3,200), Larus ridibundus (A= 667; R= 0 – 2,000), Cygnus olor (A= 370; R= 200 – 630), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 370; R= 0 – 800), Larus cachinnans (A= 33; R= 0 – 100).

Table 19. The number of waterbird species observed atBerezanskii Liman

N Species

1991

1993

1995

1. Cygnus olor 630 280 2002. Tadorna tadorna 15 3. Anas platyrhynchos 800 310 4. Aythya ferina 150 800 32005. Aythya fuligula 40 6. Mergellus albellus 10 7. Fulica atra 20 8. Calidris spp. 80 9. Larus ridibundus 200010. Larus cachinnans 100

Total number of birds 1845 1390 5400Total number of species 8 3 3

1.6.8. Dniepro–Bugskie Wetlands

1.6.8.1. Dniepro–Bugskii LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 7 times (Table 20), during which

23 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database, Русев, Жмуд, Корзюков и др., 1996, 1997, 1998; Руденко, Яремченко, 2001; Руденко, Яремченко, Москаленко, 2002; Петрович, 2004б). The average number of birds per count was – 4,107 (R= 274 – 17,220). The average number of species was – 6.9 (R= 3 – 11). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 1,000; R= 0 – 7,000), Aythya fuligula (A= 930; R= 0 – 3,000), Bucephala clangula (A= 546; R= 0 – 3,800), Aythya ferina (A= 493; R= 0 – 3,000) and Anas platyrhynchos (A= 417; R= 0 – 2,500).

Table 20. The number of waterbird species observed at the Dniepro–Bugskii Liman

N Species

1995

1996

1997

1998

2000

2001

2003

1. Podiceps cristatus 3 2. Branta rufi collis 80 3. Anser anser 800 86 120 4. Anser albifrons 7000 5. Cygnus olor 80 150 100 400 6. Cygnus cygnus 100 87. Cygnus spp. 34 51 8. Anas platyrhynchos 270 2500 36 32 809. Anas crecca 19 10. Anas strepera 12

36


11. Anas querquedula 300 3 12. Aythya ferina 400 3000 5013. Aythya fuligula 3000 500 3000 11 14. Clangula hyemalis 50015. Bucephala clangula 23 380016. Somateria mollissima 117. Melanitta nigra 30018. Melanitta fusca 15019. Mergellus albellus 5020. Mergus serrator 21 3021. Haliaeetus albicilla 4 30 6 3 322. Fulica atra 10 23. Larus ridibundus 1500 7 24. Larus cachinnans 34 37 25. Larus canus 17


1.6.9. Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands

1.6.9.1. Yagorlytskii BayOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 4 times (Table 21), during which 30

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Руденко, Яремченко, 2001; Руденко, Яремченко, Москаленко, 2002; Петрович, 2004а). The average number of birds per count was – 9,762 (R= 1,876 – 20,552). The average number of species was – 15.3 (R= 7 – 25). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 2,625; R= 0 – 10,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 1,662; R= 50 – 4,266), Aythya ferina (A= 810; R= 0 – 2,000), Anas penelope (A= 666; R= 0 – 1,661), Aythya fuligula (A= 599; R= 0 – 1,800), Anas acuta (A= 545; R= 0 – 2,000).

Table 21. The number of waterbird species observed at Yagorlytskii Bay

N Species

1995

2000

2001

2003

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 60 32 2. Podiceps cristatus 6 3. Egretta alba 2 4. Anser anser 100 1000 5. Anser albifrons 10000 500 6. Anser fabalis 280 7. Cygnus olor 1000 4008. Cygnus cygnus 80 3009. Cygnus spp. 1600 2786 10. Tadorna ferruginea 4 11. Tadorna tadorna 27 194 1312. Anas platyrhynchos 50 4266 2080 250

37


13. Anas crecca 180 190 14. Anas penelope 1003 1661 15. Anas acuta 2000 179 16. Anas querquedula 23 17. Anas clypeata 4 150 18. Aythya ferina 2000 380 860 19. Aythya nyroca 1 4 20. Aythya fuligula 1800 246 350 21. Aythya marila 320 100 22. Bucephala clangula 11 12 50023. Somateria mollissima 21024. Mergus serrator 10 25. Mergus merganser 2 4 26. Haliaeetus albicilla 13 7 327. Numenius arquata 8 8 28. Larus minutus 30 29. Larus ridibundus 650 70 86 30. Larus cachinnans 186 428 20031. Larus canus 22 107


1.6.9.2 Tendrovskii BayOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 5 times (Table 22), during which 31

waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Руденко, Яремченко, 2001; Руденко, Яремченко, Москаленко, 2002). The average number of birds per count was – 26,719 (R= 6,615 – 57,749). The average number of species was – 14.4 (R= 5 – 24). The most numerous species were Aythya ferina (A= 9,545; R= 0 – 39,150), Anser albifrons (A= 5,260; R= 0 – 20,000), Cygnus olor (A= 3,840; R= 0 – 10,000), Aythya fuligula (A= 2,670; R= 250 – 10,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 2,526; R= 15 – 5,310).

Table 22. The number of waterbird species observed at Tendrovskii Bay

N Species

1991

1993

1995

2000

2001

1. Podiceps cristatus 7 2. Phalacrocorax carbo 27 243. Botaurus stellaris 1 4. Egretta alba 12 25. Ardea cinerea 1 8 56. Branta rufi collis 150 807. Anser anser 400 4008. Anser albifrons 300 20000 60009. Cygnus olor 10000 8100 1100 10. Cygnus cygnus 100

38


11. Cygnus spp. 4060 202712. Tadorna tadorna 140 15 131 6013. Anas platyrhynchos 3500 200 15 5310 360714. Anas crecca 1075 12015. Anas strepera 15 60016. Anas penelope 5 14017. Anas querquedula 300 18. Aythya ferina 4175 39150 3400 100019. Aythya fuligula 600 10000 2000 250 50020. Aythya marila 15021. Bucephala clangula 33 2422. Somateria mollissima 124 11023. Mergellus albellus 12 2024. Mergus serrator 150 150 25. Mergus merganser 15 26. Haliaeetus albicilla 2 4 12 827. Fulica atra 1000 10028. Pluvialis squatarola 250 29. Calidris spp. 200 30. Numenius arquata 5831. Numenius phaeopus 132. Larus ridibundus 280 35 4333. Larus cachinnans 1500 200 11234. Larus canus 88 45

Total number of birds 20861 57749 6615 33387 15236Total number of species 13 7 5 24 24

1.6.10. Dzharylgachskii BayOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 11 times (Table 23), during

which 41 waterbird species were observed (Ардамацкая, 1997, 1999, 2001; Руденко, Яремченко, 2001; Гавриленко, Руденко, Лопушанский, 2009; Руденко, Зацарный, 2011; Руденко, Зацарный, Москаленко, 2011; Руденко, Москаленко, 2011; Руденко, Москаленко, Зацарный, 2011; Руденко, Москаленко, Яремченко, 2011). The average number of birds per count was – 10,134 (R= 166 – 28,767). The average number of species was – 15.7 (R= 3 – 34). The most numerous species were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 3,490; R= 25 – 17,500), Fulica atra (A= 1,888; R= 0 – 8,599), Anser albifrons (A= 1,807; R= 0 – 5,840), Cygnus olor (A= 789; R= 0 – 2,434), Aythya ferina (A= 447; R= 0 – 2,800).

Table 23. The number of waterbird species observed at Dzharylgachskii Bay

N Species

1997

1999

2000

2000

2001

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Gavia arctica 4 4 2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 6 4 3 3. Podiceps grisegena 4 2 4. Podiceps cristatus 8 3 3

39


5. Phalacrocorax carbo 36 15 6. Botaurus stellaris 2 2 7. Egretta alba 6 3 1 8. Egretta/Bubulcus spp. 1 9. Ardea cinerea 1 2 10. Branta rufi collis 160 16 75 1 3 11. Anser anser 640 245 1570 12. Anser albifrons 5840 594 3210 2500 1000 2700 200 2336 1500 13. Anser fabalis 1 3 14. Anser caerulescens 5 15. Cygnus olor 1100 934 1342 2434 1270 93 1460 4316. Cygnus cygnus 65 95 193 400 450 180 192 17. Cygnus spp. 1425 1230 813 5218. Tadorna tadorna 42 17 30 3 19. Anas platyrhynchos 17500 3126 3700 1840 1458 2790 4721 1570 322 1339 2520. Anas crecca 6 36 15 21. Anas penelope 40 24 10 12 3 22. Anas acuta 28 19 23. Anas querquedula 15 24. Anas clypeata 1 25. Anatinae spp. 100 26. Aythya ferina 2800 790 1280 50 27. Aythya fuligula 315 63 300 10 160 2 28. Aythya marila 340 110 29. Aythya spp. 5000 25 30. Bucephala clangula 56 45 25 8 12 31. Somateria mollissima 3 32. Mergellus albellus 30 5 33. Mergus serrator 50 64 540 130 45 34. Mergus merganser 23 16 1770 35. Haliaeetus albicilla 3 8 3 1 11 6 17 1 436. Gallinula chloropus 2 37. Fulica atra 200 54 80 4060 3000 8599 4765 5 38. Numenius arquata 3 4 2 1 6 39. Charadrii spp. 15 40. Larus minutus 5 7 20 4 15 41. Larus ridibundus 21 56 42 17 12 2 2 19 5 42. Larus genei 10 2 2 43. Larus fuscus 1 3 44. Larus argentatus 17 16 40 45. Larus cachinnans 125 69 110 21 12 14 63 61 8 46. Larus canus 10 14 9 30 10 20 8 264 40 30

40


47. Larus spp. 10 42Total number of birds 28767 6478 12146 8502 8428 4700 25837 8775 3070 4608 166

Total number of species 18 34 31 15 12 8 14 11 11 16 3

1.6.11. Southern coast of Crimea

1.6.11.1. Sevastopol BaysOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 3 times (Table 24), during which

35 waterbird species were observed (Мордвинов, 2001; Бескаравайный, 2011в, 2011г). The average number of birds per count was – 18,472 (R= 4,096 – 32,085). The average number of species was – 19.7 (R= 4 – 35). The most numerous species were Fulica atra (A= 10,300; R= 2,386 – 18,396), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 1,139; R= 0 – 2,951), Cygnus olor (A= 734; R= 16 – 1,876), Larus canus (A= 727; R= 0 – 2,019), Larus ridibundus (A= 624; R= 0 – 1,271).

Table 24. The number of waterbird species observed in the Sevastopol Bays

N Species 2000

2005

2008

1. Gavia arctica 17 102. Tachybaptus rufi collis 28 423. Podiceps nigricollis 3 134. Podiceps cristatus 25 2365. Phalacrocorax carbo 465 29516. Phalacrocorax aristoteles 17 267. Egretta alba 18. Ardea cinerea 8 239. Anser albifrons 110. Cygnus olor 1876 16 31111. Cygnus cygnus 1212. Anas platyrhynchos 64 138713. Anas crecca 114. Anas penelope 2 5215. Anas acuta 316. Anas clypeata 117. Netta rufi na 3918. Aythya ferina 1253 47 27319. Aythya nyroca 120. Aythya fuligula 1253 152 25421. Bucephala clangula 522. Somateria mollissima 123. Oxyura leucocephala 124. Mergellus albellus 1225. Mergus serrator 1

41


26. Gallinula chloropus 1 2127. Fulica atra 18396 2386 930928. Vanellus vanellus 229. Tringa totanus 1 230. Calidris alpina 631. Larus melanocephalus 21 2232. Larus ridibundus 600 127133. Larus cachinnans 81 92434. Larus canus 161 201935. Larus spp. 930736. Sterna sandvicensis 1 3


1.6.12. Eastern Sivash

1.6.12.1. Southern part of Eastern SivashOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 4 times (Table 25), during which

40 waterbird species were observed (Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station database; Андрющенко, Попенко, 2009б; Андрющенко, Кинда, Попенко и др., 2011б). The average number of birds per count was – 86,417 (R= 13,435 – 292,922). The average number of species was – 22.8 (R= 13 – 39). The most numerous species were Fulica atra (A= 19,082; R= 504 – 69,480), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 5,704; R= 650 – 16,451), Mergellus albellus (A= 5,632; R= 0 – 22,528), Anser albifrons (A= 5,630; R= 2,508 – 8,500), Anas penelope (A= 5,219; R= 0 – 20870).

Table 25. The number of waterbird species observed in the Southern part of Eastern Sivash

N Species

2002

2003

2005

2006

1. Gavia arctica 1

2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 3 173. Podiceps cristatus 494. Phalacrocorax carbo 56 35. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 38 917 1866. Botaurus stellaris 1 1 57. Egretta alba 9 19 183 368. Ardea cinerea 3 6 51 259. Branta rufi collis 2 10 67210. Anser anser 20 344 4211. Anser albifrons 6879 8500 2508 463412. Anser spp. 12513. Cygnus olor 1429 2 3488 172314. Cygnus cygnus 171 103

42


15. Cygnus spp. 416. Tadorna ferruginea 10 17. Tadorna tadorna 698 15218. Anas platyrhynchos 4051 650 16451 166219. Anas crecca 415 520. Anas penelope 20870 421. Anas acuta 606 4022. Anas clypeata 1623. Anatinae spp. 2300 10660 473824. Netta rufi na 613425. Aythya ferina 26 250 137 308126. Aythya nyroca 727. Aythya fuligula 600 2128. Aythya spp. 12700029. Bucephala clangula 606830. Mergellus albellus 1 22528 31. Mergus serrator 63732. Haliaeetus albicilla 43 11 50 6033. Rallus aquaticus 10 134. Gallinula chloropus 1 135. Fulica atra 504 570 69480 577436. Pluvialis squatarola 15037. Calidris alpina 40038. Gallinago gallinago 239. Scolopax rusticola 140. Numenius arquata 3141. Numenius spp. 1642. Larus ichthyaetus 143. Larus minutus 1144. Larus ridibundus 471 345. Larus cachinnans 15 857 20046. Larus canus 1668 1100 843 1309 Total number of birds 14683 13435 292922 24626 Total number of species 14 13 39 25

1.6.12.2. Northern part of Eastern SivashOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 9 times (Table 26), during which

44 waterbird species were observed (Андрющенко, Горлов, Дядичева и др., 1998; Андрющенко, Попенко, Черничко и др., 2003; Горлов, Кинда, Черничко, 2004; Черничко, Дядичева, Кинда, 2009а; Андрющенко, Кинда, Попенко и др., 2011а; Андрющенко, Попенко, 2011а, 2011б; Андрющенко, Попенко, Хоменко, 2011а). The average number of birds per count was – 68,929 (R= 2,813 – 246,707). The average number of species was – 22.7 (R= 12 – 33). The most numerous species were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 14,533; R= 124 – 45,312), Anser albifrons (A= 13,019; R= 707 – 52,071), Tadorna tadorna (A= 3,799; R= 0 – 14,516), Aythya fuligula (A= 3,172; R= 0 – 13,891), Branta rufi collis (A= 2,423; R= 0 –15,800), Cygnus olor (A= 2,398; R= 14 – 6,864),

43


Table 26. The number of waterbird species observed in the Northern part of Eastern Sivash

N Species

1998

2001

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 6 2 12. Podiceps nigricollis 63. Podiceps auritus 1 4. Podiceps cristatus 2 1 5. Puffi nus puffi nus 16. Phalacrocorax carbo 2 1 1 37 7. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 305 222 155 1027 28 56 30 88. Botaurus stellaris 2 1 1 1 9. Egretta alba 316 1 14 138 11 110. Ardea cinerea 4 2 45 15 11. Branta rufi collis 500 15800 28 5 5279 165 30 12. Anser anser 1 87 49 260 13. Anser albifrons 23377 52071 14780 4133 756 18579 1904 707 86314. Anser spp. 1500 900 15. Cygnus olor 2370 1192 205 4406 6864 5400 14 157 97516. Cygnus cygnus 67 22 89 42 16 11217. Cygnus spp. 16484 18. Tadorna ferruginea 25 19. Tadorna tadorna 10066 9488 88 14516 1 3 2620. Anas platyrhynchos 11733 15198 1305 45312 13779 38080 124 1333 393621. Anas crecca 464 17 104 25 13 35022. Anas penelope 4663 1601 1 4177 60023. Anas acuta 187 267 49 345 5 10624. Anas clypeata 128 252 25. Anatinae spp. 30026. Netta rufi na 53 1 4827. Aythya ferina 291 40 403 533 3 60 4328. Aythya fuligula 1130 13520 9 13891 29. Aythya marila 294 30. Aythya spp. 23100 9080 31. Bucephala clangula 1142 1 3940 291 3024 4 32. Anatinae spp. 127825 150 32262 23 33. Mergellus albellus 1 52 2 3586 34. Mergus serrator 1 138 3 155 35. Mergus merganser 1 2 36. Haliaeetus albicilla 13 76 6 9 69 20 5 7 637. Rallus aquaticus 6 3 2 5 38. Gallinula chloropus 17 1 1 9 1 3 39. Fulica atra 507 68 15 1058 2823 2 41 1707

44


40. Philomachus pugnax 3 41. Calidris alpina 70 110 1 42. Calidris spp. 6 150 43. Lymnocryptes minimus 1 44. Gallinago gallinago 2 1 1 45. Numenius arquata 24 51 3 67 46. Numenius phaeopus 2 1 47. Numenius spp. 3548. Larus ichthyaetus 18 9 49. Larus ridibundus 24 23 732 3 18650. Larus genei 62 51. Larus cachinnans 963 107 175 278 36 1671 3 81 752. Larus canus 475 661 885 1686 2399 5154 29 166 93753. Larus spp. 160 20 Total number of birds 42022 246707 17710 109737 27546 160665 3248 2813 9912

Total number of species 12 31 17 33 28 32 19 14 18

1.6.13. Central Sivash

1.6.13.1. Southern part of Central SivashOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 3 times (Table 27), during which

26 waterbird species were observed (Андрющенко, Попенко, Черничко и др., 2003; Черничко, Дядичева, Кинда, 2009б; Андрющенко, Попенко, 2011е). The average number of birds per count was – 27,451 (R= 7,147 – 55,228). The average number of species was – 17.0 (R= 12 – 22). The most numerous species were Tadorna tadorna (A= 8,102; R= 2,841 – 18,210), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 7,011; R= 1,085 – 18,625), Anser albifrons (A= 4,512; R= 0 – 13,122), Branta rufi collis (A= 4,462; R= 0 – 12,116).

Table 27. The number of waterbird species observed in the Southern part of Central Sivash

N Species

2001

2005

2006

1. Podiceps cristatus 12. Phalacrocorax carbo 193. Botaurus stellaris 24. Egretta alba 2 42 5. Ardea cinerea 1 17 16. Branta rufi collis 1270 12116 7. Anser anser 1458. Anser albifrons 413 13122 9. Cygnus olor 2 157 2510. Cygnus cygnus 1311. Cygnus spp. 2012. Tadorna ferruginea 81 92

45


13. Tadorna tadorna 3255 2841 1821014. Anas platyrhynchos 1324 18625 108515. Anas crecca 380 87 516. Anas penelope 917. Anas spp. 610018. Aythya ferina 13019. Aythya fuligula 11 20. Bucephala clangula 821. Mergus serrator 140 122. Haliaeetus albicilla 6 25 523. Grus grus 13 2 24. Rallus aquaticus 1 3 325. Vanellus leucurus 1 26. Gallinago gallinago 4 27. Larus ichthyaetus 228. Larus cachinnans 3 180 32929. Larus canus 380 1462 181 Total number of birds 7147 55228 19977 Total number of species 17 22 12

1.6.13.2. Northern part of Central SivashOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 8 times (Table 28), during which

33 waterbird species were observed (Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station database; Андрющенко, Горлов, Дядичева и др., 1998; Андрющенко, Попенко, 2009а, 2011д, 2011ж, 2011з; Андрющенко, Кинда, Попенко и др., 2011в; Андрющенко, Попенко, Хоменко, 2011б). The average number of birds per count was – 34,138 (R= 2,876 – 107,717). The average number of species was – 13.9 (R= 8 – 20). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 14,045; R= 97 – 61,665), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 11,441; R= 500 – 38,085), Tadorna tadorna (A= 2,238; R= 0 – 8,200), Branta rufi collis (A= 2,614; R= 0 – 14,783), Larus canus (A= 1,691; R= 63 – 6,142).

Table 28. The number of waterbird species observed in the Northern part of Central Sivash

N Species

1998

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Phalacrocorax carbo 28 22. Botaurus stellaris 2 1 3. Egretta alba 7 36 5 34. Ardea cinerea 1 2 17 1 16 2 4 5. Branta rufi collis 1591 1250 14783 120 31706. Anser anser 288 257 37. Anser albifrons 61665 900 4800 97 26704 1256 1042 158948. Anser erythropus 300 9. Anser fabalis 40 10. Anser spp. 12 11. Cygnus olor 18 79 35 76 34 254

46


12. Cygnus cygnus 2 7 4 8 8 13. Cygnus columbianus 244 14. Cygnus spp. 6 13 15. Tadorna ferruginea 19 107 57 142 516. Tadorna tadorna 24 8200 3519 3832 380 433 151417. Anas platyrhynchos 38085 500 4524 1571 13093 972 1868 3091218. Anas crecca 6 259 20 19. Anas strepera 2 20. Anas penelope 803 45021. Anas clypeata 1 22. Anatinae spp. 1100 25 23. Aythya ferina 135 8506 1 35024. Aythya marila 40 25. Bucephala clangula 2 26. Mergellus albellus 7 27. Haliaeetus albicilla 12 1 7 3 9 8 13 2028. Gallinula chloropus 1 29. Fulica atra 17 73 130. Tringa ochropus 2 31. Calidris alpina 70 32. Numenius arquata 133. Larus ichthyaetus 1234. Larus genei 2 35. Larus cachinnans 849 522 4 457 8 104 42336. Larus canus 4863 190 352 416 1226 63 278 614237. Larus spp. 400 Total number of birds 107717 11050 10351 5849 71960 2876 4142 59155

Total number of species 13 8 10 15 20 16 13 16

1.6.14. Western SivashOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 7 times (Table 29), during which

39 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station database; Андрющенко, Горлов, Кинда и др., 2001; Гавриленко, Думенко, Лопушанский, 2002; Гавриленко, Лопушанский, Мезинов, 2009а; Андрющенко, Попенко, 2011г). The average number of birds per count was – 43,639 (R= 1,934 – 201,552). The average number of species was – 14.3 (R= 9 – 24). The most numerous species were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 25,545; R= 918 – 127,500), Anser albifrons (A= 14,491; R= 434 – 72,700), Tadorna tadorna (A= 542; R= 0 – 2,000), Cygnus olor (A= 388; R= 0 – 1,500), Larus canus (A= 368; R= 29 – 1,387).

Table 29. The number of waterbird species observed in Western Sivash

N Species

1991

2000

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 12. Podiceps nigricollis 10

47


3. Podiceps cristatus 3 4. Phalacrocorax carbo 16 5. Botaurus stellaris 3 1 6. Egretta alba 67 6 8 10 7. Egretta garzetta 1 183 7 18. Egretta spp. 19. Ardea cinerea 40 12 1 1 310. Ardea purpurea 2 11. Branta rufi collis 5 40 12. Anser anser 200 2 64 315 13. Anser albifrons 20000 541 72700 1261 434 500 600014. Anser spp. 88 15. Cygnus olor 1500 211 398 141 75 38816. Cygnus cygnus 200 3 17. Tadorna ferruginea 9 26 20018. Tadorna tadorna 2000 1172 491 101 12 2019. Anas platyrhynchos 10000 1721 127500 4029 918 1642 3300520. Anas crecca 22 70 21. Anas penelope 15 23 22. Anas acuta 15 15 23. Anas querquedula 154 24. Anas clypeata 2 25. Aythya ferina 500 26. Aythya fuligula 627. Aythya marila 18 28. Mergus serrator 10 29. Mergus merganser 1 30. Haliaeetus albicilla 3 5 9 1 1 31. Grus grus 14 8 32. Rallus aquaticus 3 33. Gallinula chloropus 134. Fulica atra 1160 2 9 735. Vanellus vanellus 3 36. Numenius arquata 337. Limosa limosa 2 38. Larus ichthyaetus 1 39. Larus ridibundus 320 2 40. Larus fuscus 13 41. Larus cachinnans 605 494 314 291 462 42. Larus canus 1387 423 29 70 665 43. Larus spp. 19 10010


48


1.6.15. Utlyukskie Wetlands

1.6.15.1. Utlukskii and Sivashik Limans Over the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 8 times (Table 30), during which

31 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Андрющенко, Горлов, Дядичева и др., 1998; Андрющенко, Горлов, Кинда и др., 2001; Кошелев, Кошелев, Пересадько, 2002; Попенко, 2004б, 2004в; Черничко, Горлов, 2009б; Черничко, Черничко, Дядичева и др., 2011; Черничко, Черничко, Дядичева и др., 2011). The average number of birds per count was – 23,743 (R= 91 – 49,561). The average number of species was – 12.8 (R= 3 – 20). The most numerous species were Anser albifrons (A= 7,622; R= 4 – 33,243), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 7,405; R= 0 – 21,069), Fulica atra (A= 2,734; R= 0 – 15,091), Cygnus olor (A= 1,973; R= 0 – 8,200), Larus canus (A= 1,420; R= 3 – 7,580).

Table 30. The number of waterbird species observed at Utlukskii and Sivashik Limans

N Species

1991

1998

2000

2001

2003

2006

2007

2008

1. Podiceps cristatus 1 116 2. Phalacrocorax carbo 1 20 3. Botaurus stellaris 1 0 4. Egretta alba 5 5 0 31 5. Ardea cinerea 0 1 3 6. Branta rufi collis 12 203 100 120 7. Anser anser 2850 550 417 60 8. Anser albifrons 6070 33243 6137 14943 4 210 255 1159. Cygnus olor 8200 2898 2525 261 30 1868 10. Cygnus cygnus 9 59 19 11. Tadorna ferruginea 3 12. Tadorna tadorna 865 320 13. Anas platyrhynchos 15712 8545 7947 5921 37 6 21069 14. Anas crecca 14 15. Anas penelope 10 16. Anas acuta 1 9 17. Netta rufi na 300 2170 18. Aythya ferina 508 60 1260 3000 250 19. Aythya fuligula 220 820 20. Aythya marila 250 400 1080 21. Bucephala clangula 130 20 210 713 22. Mergellus albellus 5 123. Mergus serrator 2 24. Haliaeetus albicilla 5 5 8 4 15 21 625. Grus grus 1 26. Fulica atra 4750 500 690 840 15091 27. Vanellus vanellus 2 28. Numenius arquata 19 29. Larus ichthyaetus 12 1 30. Larus ridibundus 1500 420 66 8

49


31. Larus cachinnans 736 343 220 114 4 32. Larus canus 728 840 1670 442 50 3 7580 48


1.6.16. Molochanskie Wetlands

1.6.16.1. Molochnyi LimanOver the period of IWC counts in the region, this site was counted 16 times (Table 31), during which

41 waterbird species were observed (WI IWC database; Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station database; Андрющенко, Горлов, Дядичева и др., 1998; Андрющенко, Горлов, Кинда и др., 2001; Кошелев, Кошелев, Пересадько, 2002; Попенко, 2004а; Черничко, Горлов, 2009; Черничко, Дядичева, Кинда, Черничко, 2011а, 2011б; Черничко, Дядичева, Кинда, Кошелев и др., 2011; Черничко, Дядичева, Кинда, Сучков и др., 2011; Черничко, Черничко, Кошелев, 2011). The average number of birds per count was – 16,544 (R= 12 – 60,414). The average number of species was – 11.4 (R= 2 – 29). The most numerous species were Larus canus (A= 4,234; R= 0 – 25,843), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 4,156; R= 4 –14,134), Aythya marila (A= 3,231; R= 0 – 23,300), Anser albifrons (A= 2,212; R= 0 – 6,544), Bucephala clangula (A= 949; R= 0 – 7,080).

1.7. References

1. Ardamatskaya T., Rusev I. 1994. Black Sea counts of goose.– IWRB goose research group bulletin, 5.

2. Kabakov A.N., Ardamatskaya T.B., Rudenko A.G., Pirogov N.G. 1992. Results of mid–winter counts of waterfowl in Black Sea Nature Reserve, Ukraine, 1984 – 1991.– IWRB Seaduck Bulletin, 1: 36–37.

3. Rusev I. 1994. Waterfowl census 1994 in Ukraine.– Western palearctic and south west Asia waterfowl census 1994. IWRB, Mid–Winter Waterfowl Counts.

4. Rusev I., Shegolev I., Korzukov A. 1993. Waterfow census 1993 in Ukraine.– Western palearctic and south west Asia waterfowl census 1993. IWRB, Mid–Winter Waterfowl Counts.

5. Rusev I.T. 1999. Migration and wintering of Nycticorax nycticorax from Dnestr delta population.– The ring: ringing migration monitoring, 21 (1): 12.

6. Rusev I.T. 2000. Red–breasted and Lesser white–fronted Goose in NW coast of the Black Sea.– Птицы Азово–Черноморского региона на рубеже столетий: Мат. юбил. междун. науч. конф., посв. 20–летию Азово–Черноморской орнит. раб. группы. Одесса, 10–14 февраля 2000 г.: 13 – 15.

7. Zhmud M.E. 1996. Geese of the Ukrainian part of the Danube delta.– Wetlands International Geese Specialist Group Bulletin, 7: 15 –19.

8. Аверин В.Г. 1928. Охотники, птицы и зима 1926–27 гг.– Укр. мисл. та рибалка, 11: 14 –17.9. Андрющенко Ю.А., Горлов П.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кошелев А.И., Лысенко В.И., Попенко

В.М., Сиохин В.Д., Черничко И.И. 1998 Распределение и численность зимующих птиц в Присивашье и Приазовье.– Зимние учеты птиц на Азово–Черноморском побережье Украины : 3 – 13.

10. Андрющенко Ю.А., Горлов П.И., Кинда В.В., Касьянов В.М. 1997. Результаты учетов зимующих птиц северо–западного Приазовья в январе 1997 года.– Экосистемы дикой природы. Сб. мат. XYII рабочего совещания Азово–Черноморской орнитол. раб. группы, 6:1–3.

11. Андрющенко Ю.А., Горлов П.И., Кинда В.В., Костюшин В.А., Кошелев А.И., Кошелев

50

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147. Русев И.Т., Гержик И.П., Васильков И.А., Павлов А.В. 1996. Результаты учетов зимующих гусеобразных в северо–западном Причерноморье в 1995 г.– Казарка, 2: 285 – 291.

148. Русев И.Т., Жмуд М.Е., Корзюков А.И., Гержик И.П., Павлов А.В., Потапов О.В. 1996. Зимовки птиц в Северо–Западном Причерноморья.– Экосистемы дикой природы, 3: 1 – 42.

149. Русев И.Т., Жмуд М.Е., Корзюков А.И., Гержик И.П., Сацык С.Ф., Потапов О.В. 1997. Результаты Рождественского учета зимующих птиц в северо–западном Причерноморье в 1997 году.– Экосистемы дикой природы, 6: 19 – 50.

150. Русев И.Т., Жмуд М.Е., Корзюков А.И., Гержик И.П., Сацык С.Ф., Потапов О.В., Роман Е.Г. 1998. Характер зимовки птиц в Северо–Западном Причерноморье в 1998 г.– Зимние учеты птиц на Азово–Черноморском побережье. Сборник материалов XVIII рабочего совещания Азово–Черноморской орнитологической рабочей группы, 4 – 6 февраля 1998 г.: 22 – 47.

151. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2000. Предзимние скопления белолобых гусей и краснозобых казарок в Северо–Западном Причерноморье в 2000 г.– Казарка, 6: 315 – 316.

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152. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2009. Одесские лиманы.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4: 17.

153. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2011а. Днестровские ВБУ в 2005 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 9.

154. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2011б. Днестровские ВБУ в 2007 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 22.

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157. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2011д. Тузловские лиманы в 2007 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 22.

158. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И. 2011е. Тузловские лиманы в 2008 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 34.

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165. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И., Сацык С.Ф. 1999. Мониторинг зимующих птиц в Северо–Западном Причерноморье в 1999 г.– Сб. Зимние учеты птиц на Азово–Черноморском побережье Украины, 2: 46 – 60.

166. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И., Сацык С.Ф, Форманюк О.А., Панченко П.С., Белинский А.В. 2001. Птицы северо–западного Причерноморья в зимний период 1999 – 2000.– Зимние учеты птиц на Азово–Черноморском побережье Украины, 3: 11–28.

167. Русев И.Т., Корзюков А.И., Форманюк О.А., Панченко П.С. 2002. Зимовки водоплавающих и водно–болотных птиц в северо–западном Причерноморье в 2000 – 2001 гг.– Мониторинг зимующих птиц в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины: 54 – 74.

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мониторинга зимующих птиц в прибрежной зоне Одесской области в период 2002 – 2003 гг.– Птицы Азово–Черноморского региона. Мониторинг и охрана, 1: 78 – 81.

169. Сабиневский Б.В. 1977. О пролете и зимовке краснозобых казарок в низовьях Дуная.– Фауна и биология гусеобразных птиц: 73–74.

170. Сабиневский Б.В. 1985. Водно–болотные птицы, зимующие в холодном поясе Азовочерноморья: Автореф. дис. ...канд. биол. наук., К., 24 с.

171. Сабиневский Б.В., Ардамацкая Т.Б. 1984. Обзор изменения состояния зимовок водоплавающих птиц в Азово–Черноморском регионе по мате риалам январских учетов 1975–1984 гг.– Сб. Современное состояние ресурсов водоплавающих птиц: 75–77.

172. Сабиневский Б.В., Ардамацкая Т.Б., Севастьянов В.И., Петрович З.О., Петрович Н.П., Щеголев И.В. 1977. Материалы о зимовке водоплавающих птиц на северо–западе Черного моря, Нижнем Днепре и Азовском море в январе 1977 г.– 7–ая Всесоюзн. орнитол. конф., 1: 101–103.

173. Сабиневский Б.В., Севастьянов В.И. 1975. Размещение водоплавающих птиц на северо–западном побережье Азовского моря, Сиваше, Каркинитском и Джарылгачском заливах Черного моря в январе 1975 г.– Мат–лы Всесоюзн. конф. по миграциям птиц, 1: 244 – 247.

174. Сабиневский Б.В., Севастьянов В.И 1977. Учеты зимующих водоплавающих птиц на Азовском море, в Каркинитском заливе Черного моря и на Сиваше в январе 1976 г.: 35–38.

175. Сабиневский Б.В., Севастьянов В.И., Ардамацкая Т.Б 1984. Материалы по состоянию зимовки водоплавающих птиц на севере Азово–Черноморья в сезон 1983 – 1984 гг.– Современное состояние ресурсов водоплавающих птиц: 78 – 80.

176. Савчук М.Я., Шаповалова Т.Г. 1999. Видовой состав и численность зимующих птиц в районе г.Бердянск.– Зимние учеты птиц на Азово–Черноморском побережье Украины, 2: 61 – 65.

177. Серебряков В.В., Полуда А.М. 1990. Зимовки лебедей во внутренних областях Украины.– Экология и охрана лебедей в СССР, 11: 33–37.

178. Стойловский В.П. 2000. Птицы озера Кагул.– Бранта: сборник научных трудов Азово–Черноморской орнитологической станции, 3: 78 – 87.

179. Стойловский В.П. 2003. Зимовки птиц на придунайских водоемах в 2002 – 2003 гг.– Птицы Азово–Черноморского региона. Мониторинг и охрана, 1: 94 – 98.

180. Стойловский В.П., Кивганов Д.А. 2009. Западное Придунавье.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4: 16.

181. Федоренко А.П. 1959. Наблюдения на зимовках птиц на Черном и Азовском морях.– Тез. докл. II Всес. орнитол. конф., 2: 103.

182. Федоренко А.П. 1965. Запасы утиных птиц на зимовках Черного и Азовского морей.– Cб. Геогр. ресурсов водопл. птиц в СССР, сост. запасов, пути их воспроизв. и правильн. использов. Тез. докл., 1: 117 – 118.

183. Фесенко Г.В., Архипов А.М. 1996. Зимующие птицы Кучурганского лимана и его окресностей.– Праці Укр. орнітол. товариства: 144 – 150.

184. Форманюк О.А., Гержик Г.П. 2004. Куяльницкий лиман.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги регионального орнитологического мониторинга, 1: 14.

185. Форманюк О.А., Панченко П.С. 2004а. Низовья Тилигульского лимана.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги регионального орнитологического мониторинга, 1: 14.

186. Форманюк О.А., Панченко П.С. 2004б. Побережье Черного моря у г.Южный.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги регионального орнитологического мониторинга, 1: 14.

187. Форманюк О.А., Панченко П.С., Корзюков А.И. 2004. Григорьевский лиман (Малый

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Аджалыкский Лиман).– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги регионального орнитологического мониторинга, 1: 14.

188. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Горлов П.И., Черничко Р.И. 1997. Зимующие птицы нижнего течения р.Молочная по данным январских учетов 1997 г.– Экосистемы дикой природы, 6: 53 – 56.

189. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В. 2009а. Северная часть Восточного Сиваша.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4: 18.

190. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В. 2009б. Южная часть Центрального Сиваша.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4:18.

191. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Кошелев А.И., Сучков С.И., Черничко Р.Н., 2011. Молочанские ВБУ в 2007 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 29 – 30.

192. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Сучков С.И., Черничко Р.Н. 2011. Молочанские ВБУ в 2008 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 40.

193. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Черничко Р.Н. 2011а. Молочанские ВБУ в 2005 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 17.

194. Черничко И.И., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Черничко Р.Н. 2011б. Молочанские ВБУ в 2009 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 51.

195. Черничко И.И., Черничко Р.Н., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Кошелев А.И., Сучков С.И. 2011. Утлюкские ВБУ в 2007 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 29.

196. Черничко И.И., Черничко Р.Н., Дядичева Е.А., Кинда В.В., Сучков С.И. 2011. Утлюкские ВБУ в 2008 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 40.

197. Черничко И.И., Черничко Р.Н., Кошелев А.И. 2011. Молочанские ВБУ в 2010 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 60.

198. Черничко Р.Н., Горлов П.И. 2009а. Молочанские ВБУ.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4: 17.

199. Черничко Р.Н., Горлов П.И. 2009б. Утлюкские ВБУ.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимнего учета водно–болотных птиц 2006 года в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 4: 17.

200. Яковлев М.В. 2011. Дунайские ВБУ в 2009 г.– Бюллетень РОМ: Итоги среднезимних учетов водно–болотных птиц 2005, 2007–2010 годов в Азово–Черноморском регионе Украины, 7: 45.

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2. Georgia

Goradze I., Abuladze A., Mamuchadze J.

2.1. Coordination of counts and network of counters The majority of past midwinter waterbird studies was conducted by the personnel of the Georgian

Centre for Conservation of Wildlife (GCCW). Past studies were conducted under the framework of Environmental Impact Assessments in relation to the development of Supsa and Kulevi oil terminals and in relation to the establishment of Kolkheti National Park.

IWC in Georgia is coordinated by the Georgian Centre for Conservation of Wildlife. The network of counters is rather small and includes representatives from the Georgian Centre for Conservation of Wildlife (Tbilisi), Ilia State University (Tbilisi), Tbilisi ZOO, Tbilisi State University, the Institute of Zoology (Tbilisi) and, sometimes, representatives of foreign organizations (see detailed information in Annex1).

2.2. Methodological aspects of organizing and conducting censusesThe IWC count is Georgia has quite a short history during which the methodological framework.

was created First of all a detailed monitoring protocol for wintering waterbirds was developed for Kolkheti National Park and Kobuleti National Reserve and training for their staff was conducted. Through participation of in counts the network of counters obtained practical experience in IWC. A unifi ed territorial scheme (i.e., site delimitation) for accomplishing counts is basically established and is presented below in Table 32.

Table 32. List of monitoring sitedN Name

1. Black Sea Coast (Near Anaklia) 2. Churia Marshes3. Black Sea Coast within Kolkheti National

Park: Churia - Khobi 4. Black Sea Coast within Kolkheti National

Park: Khobi-Rioni 5. Partotskali Lake6. Rioni River Delta 7. Paliastomi Lake8. Black Sea Coast (off the Paliastomi channel)9. Peat Cuttings (South of Paliastomi) 10. Khidmaghala Fishponds 11. Ispani Marshes ( Kobuleti National Reserve)12. Chorokhi River Delta

Nevertheless a fi nal delimitation of the Black Sea coast sites is still needed. Due to this problem, much of the data from earlier counts was collected for overlapping areas of the coast. That makes it more diffi cult to use this material in analysis. Another problem is the timing of counting – this has varied from December until the end of February, and only some of the counts were conducted in mid January, as required by IWC methodology. Among the weaknesses of winter counts of waterbirds in Georgia it is also worth mentioning the limited number of counters, irregular counts, varying coverage of sites from year to year and absence of a computer data base.

2.3. The time period and coverage of sites The fi rst midwinter waterbird studies following IWC compatible methods date back to 1989 and

mainly relate to the south part of Georgia – Ajaria. In 1997 – 1999 counts were conducted within

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the framework of EIA for the Supsa Oil Terminal Project. In 2003, 2005, 2006 the waterbird studies were conducted under the Kolkheti National Park monitoring program (Georgia Integrated Coastal Management Project). The 2005 – 2006 waterbird study was performed in connection to the Kulevi Oil Terminal zoological monitoring program.

Based on the former IWC studies, the monitoring sites were established mainly where regular counts had been started. Sites include protected areas (including Ramsar sites) as well as areas without protected status but which are nationally recognized sites where regularly high concentrations of wintering waterbirds occur. Data for 1989, 1990 and 1991 cover only Ajaria coast and was submitted as a whole, but not site by site. Details on site coverage between 1995 – 2006 are presented in table 33.

Table 33. Site coverage for IWC in Georgia between 1995 - 2006

Site name1995

1998

2003

2004

2005

2006

Churia Marshes 1 1Black Sea Coast within Kolkheti National Park: Churia - Khobi and Khobi - Rioni

1 1 1

Black Sea Coast outside Kolkheti National Park 1 1 1Partotskali Lake 1 1Rioni River Delta 1 1 1Paliastomi Lake 1 1 1 1Peat Cuttings (South of Paliastomi) 1 1 1 1Khidmaghala Fishponds 1 1 1Ispani Marshes ( Kobuleti National Reserve) 1Chorokhi River Delta 1 1 1Black Sea Coast (Sarpi-Chorokhi) 1Black Sea Coast (Makhinjauri-Kobuleti) 1Black Sea Coast (Kobuleti - R.Choloki 1Black Sea Coast (Ureki – Poti) 1Black Sea Coast (Kobuleti – Ureki) 1Black Sea Coast (Batumi – Kobuleti) 1

2.4. Species coverage and general count results For the period 1989 – 2006 a total of 876,272 waterbirds of 68 species were have been counted along

the Georgian coast, the number varying from 8,026 in 2004 to 243,322 in 2006 (Pic.7). In 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1995 counts were conducted in Ajaria only. In December 1998 data was

collected by helicopter and by land counts also in this region only (from both counts were selected the maximum per species). In February 1998 counts were conducted mainly in Kolkheti National Park and adjacent areas. Regardless of the fact that counts covered different areas, data was not summarized since the difference in time between counts was over two months. Data for 2003 also was not summed up since counts were conducted in different months – January and February, and, beside this, the areas of counting partly overlapped. For 2004 counts covered Ajaria’s coast only, and in 2005 - Kolkheti National Park and adjacent areas. Data of 2006 is a combination of a series of counts on two parts of the coast: Ajaria - from the Turkish border to Batumi (102,212 birds) and from Kolkheti National Park to Kobuleti National Reserve (141,441 birds). Taking into account that all counts were conducted within quite a short period 5 – 24 February, the count results were combined.

The most numerous species observed during IWC along the Black Sea coast of Georgia were Anas platyrhynchos (197,534 / 22.54%), Podiceps cristatus (149,675 / 17.08%), Larus ridibundus (82,703 / 9.44%), Aythya fuligula (66,992 / 7.65%), Larus michahellis (62,018 / 7.08%), Anas crecca (38,617/ 4.41%), Larus cachinnans (30,723 / 3.51%), Fulica atra (28,795 / 3.29%) and Phalacrocorax carbo

65


(18,641 / 2.13%) (see Pic.8 and Table 34). Beside waterbirds, 17 individuals of the wetland–dependent raptor Haliaeetus albicilla were counted.

Comparison of the ratios of different taxonomic groups shows that the most numerous are Anseriformes - 350,977 birds / 40.05%, Charadriiformes - 302,209 / 34.49% and Podicipediformes – 173,457 / 19.79%. Other taxonomic groups were less abundant: Gruiformes – 28,796 / 3.29%, Pelecaniformes – 18,714 / 2.14%. The rest of groups - Ciconiiformes, Gaviiformes, Procellariiformes, Falconiformes – in total make up less than 1% of counted birds.

Pic. 7. Number of waterbirds during the IWC 1989 – 2006

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

02.1989

01.1990

01.1991

01.1995

12.1998

02.1998

01.2003

02.2003

02.2004

01.2005

02.2006

Pic. 8. The most common waterbird species observed at sites along the Georgian coast

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Phalacrocorax carbo

Fulica atra

Larus cachinnans

Anas crecca

Larus michahellis

Aythya fuligula

Larus ridibundus

Podiceps cristatus

Anas platyrhynchos

66


Table 34. The total numbers of birds counted for the period 1989 – 2006Order Family Species name Total %

Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellata 81 0.01Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia arctica 337 0.04Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia spp. 321 0.04 Sub-total 739 0.08Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus rufi collis 1433 0.16Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollis 1869 0.21Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps auritus 2 < 0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps grisegena 62 0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus 149675 17.08Podicipediformes Podicipedidae P.nigricollis/cristatus 20060 2.29Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps spp. 356 0.04 Sub-total 173457 19.79Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus yelkouan 62 0.01Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus puffi nus 11 < 0.01 Sub-total 73 0.01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus onocrotalus 9 < 0.01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus crispus 27 < 0.01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus spp. 9 < 0.01Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo 18641 2.13Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax aristotelis 28 < 0.01 Sub-total 18714 2.14Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Botaurus stellaris 16 < 0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta alba 223 0.03Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta 373 0.04Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea 545 0.06 Sub-total 1157 0.13Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser 383 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Anser albifrons 546 0.06Anseriformes Anatidae Anser spp. 78 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olor 367 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnus 515 0.06Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus spp. 55 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna ferruginea 37 < 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadorna 104 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos 197534 22.54

Anseriformes AnatidaeProb.>99% Anas platyrhynchos 5500 0.63

Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca 38617 4.41Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera 683 0.08Anseriformes Anatidae Anas penelope 635 0.07Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta 828 0.09

67


Anseriformes Anatidae Anas querquedula 1709 0.20Anseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeata 94 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas spp. 29345 3.35Anseriformes Anatidae Netta rufi na 386 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya ferina 2054 0.23Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca 59 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya fuligula 66992 7.65Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya marila 42 < 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas, Aythya – mixed 3520 0.40Anseriformes Anatidae Bucephala clangula 313 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta fusca 3 < 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Oxyura leucocephala 4 < 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Mergellus albellus 480 0.05Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus serrator 65 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser 29 < 0.01 Sub-total 350977 40.05Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropus 1 < 0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica atra 28795 3.29 Sub-total 28796 3.29Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricaria 39 < 0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus vanellus 710 0.08Charadriiformes Charadriidae Arenaria interpres 1 < 0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Recurvirostra avosetta 6 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochropus 1 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa erythropus 1 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alpina 11 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alba 68 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Lymnocryptes minimus 1 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago 5 < 0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata 71 0.01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius pomarinus 42 < 0.01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius parasiticus 26 < 0.01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius spp. 26 < 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ichthyaetus 49 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus melanocephalus 37 < 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus minutus 7224 0.82Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ridibundus 82703 9.44

Charadriiformes LaridaeProb.>99% Larus ridibundus 73900 8.43

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus genei 748 0.09Charadriiformes Laridae Larus fuscus 12 < 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus argentatus 1 < 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus cachinnans 30723 3.51

68


Charadriiformes Laridae Larus michahellis 62018 7.08

Charadriiformes LaridaeLarus michahellis/cachinnans 6670 0.76

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus armenicus 116 0.01

Charadriiformes LaridaeLarus michah/cachin/armen. 17775 2.03

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus canus 1679 0.19Charadriiformes Laridae Larus spp. 17477 1.99Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna sandvicensis 59 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna spp. 10 < 0.01 Sub-total 302209 34.49

Total 876122 100.00Falconiformes Accipitridae Haliaeetus albicilla 17 Total 876139

2.5. Waterbird count results for key coastal wetlands of GeorgiaTo present the results of wintering waterbird counts in relation to key coastal wetlands only part

of the collected information was used. The reason of this is the same as for Ukraine - a large part of the submitted data is not linked to concrete wetlands ( like - “Ajarian Coast”) or refers to overlapping areas. Partly this information was included as an additional item of data (see.2.5.11).

Location of count sites is presented in Pic.6.

2.5.1. Churia MarshesDuring two counts at Churia Marches 10 waterbird species were observed (Table 35). The maximum

number of birds per count was 324. The average number of species was – 7 (R= 4 – 10). The most numerous species during the counts were Vanellus vanellus (A= 225; R= 150 – 300), Fulica atra (108).

Table 35. The number of waterbird species observed at Churia Marshes

N Species

2003

2005

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 9 72. Podiceps cristatus 14 83. Pelecanus crispus 1 4. Phalacrocorax carbo 1 5. Ardea cinerea 4 6. Egretta alba 15 97. Aythya ferina 9 8. Aythya fuligula 12 9. Fulica atra 108 10. Vanellus vanellus 150 300

Total number of birds 323 324Total number of species 10 4

69


2.5.2. Black Sea Coast within Kolkheti National Park: Churia – Khobi – Rioni During three counts 19 waterbird species were observed (Table 36). The average number of birds per

count was 26,692 (R= 10,147 – 36,217). The average number of species was – 10.3 (R= 5 – 15). The most numerous species during the counts were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 13,034; R= 4,800 – 17,497), Podiceps cristatus (A= 3,613; R= 126 – 9,432), Larus ridibundus (A= 1,620; R= 1,360 – 2,000), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 1,573; R= 1,200 – 2,237).

Table 36. The number of waterbird species observed inKolkheti National Park

N Species

2003

2005

2006

1. Podiceps cristatus 126 1280 94322. Podiceps nigricollis 2 3. Pelecanus crispus 44. Phalacrocorax carbo 2237 1283 12005. Cygnus olor 5 6. Anas penelope 14 7. Anas strepera 2 8. Anas crecca 23 18009. Anas platyrhynchos 16805 4800 1749710. Anas spp. 1141 109011. Netta rufi na 75 12. Aythya ferina 118 13. Aythya fuligula 1511 3 27714. Aythya marila 215. Bucephala clangula 6 16. Melanitta fusca 317. Mergellus albellus 2 18. Arenaria interpres 119. Larus cachinnans 31 40720. Larus ridibundus 1360 1500 2000

21.Prob.>99% Larus ridibundus 13900

22. Larus spp. 140 Total number of birds 36217 10147 33713Total number of species 15 5 11

2.5.3. Black Sea Coast adjacent to Kolkheti National ParkDuring three counts 20 waterbird species were observed (Table 37). The average number of birds per

count was 27,754 (R= 4,762 – 53,245). The average number of species was – 10 (R= 4 – 16). The most numerous species during the counts were Podiceps cristatus (A= 5,645; R= 3,130 – 10,000), Larus ridibundus (A= 5,000; R= 1 – 15,000) and Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 1,542; R= 13 – 3,070).

70


Table 37. The number of waterbird species observed along the Black Sea Coast adjacent to Kolkheti National Park

N Species

2003

2005

2006

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 102. Podiceps cristatus 3805 3 130 100003. Podiceps nigricollis 4 2 4. Phalacrocorax carbo 3070 135. Egretta alba 26. Anas strepera 22 7. Anas crecca 2 8. Anas platyrhynchos 626 15 9. Netta rufi na 310. Aythya ferina 2 1811. Aythya fuligula 395 712. Bucephala clangula 1 13. Fulica atra 20014. Numenius arquata 18 15 15. Calidris alba 60 16. Stercorarius parasiticus 6 17. Larus cachinnans 204 118. Larus ridibundus 1 1500019. Larus canus 3


21. Larus spp. 1600 22. Sterna sandvicensis 26


2.5.4. Partotskali Lake During two counts 10 waterbird species were observed (Table 38). The average number of birds per

count was 4,586 (R= 93 – 9,078). The average number of species was – 6 (R= 5 – 7). The most numerous species during the counts were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 4,080; R= 60 – 8,100), Anas crecca (900).

Table 38. The number of waterbird species observed at Partotskali Lake

N Species

2003

2006

1. Podiceps cristatus 10 2. Phalacrocorax carbo 3 13. Cygnus olor 30

71


4. Cygnus cygnus 11 5. Anas penelope 106. Anas crecca 9007. Anas acuta 308. Anas platyrhynchos 60 81009. Netta rufi na 710. Aythya ferina 9


2.5.5. Rioni River Delta During three counts 28 waterbird species were observed (Table 39). The average number of birds

per count was 17,298 (R= 6,813 – 29,850). The average number of species was – 14.7 (R= 8 – 18). The most numerous species during the counts were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 5,309; R= 6 – 15,000), Larus ridibundus (A= 3,017; R= 0 – 6,200), Podiceps cristatus (A= 1,505; R= 5 – 4,500) and Anas crecca (A= 797; R=12 – 1,380).

Table 39. The number of waterbird species observed in the Rioni River Delta

N Species

2003

2005

2006

1. Gavia arctica 12. Podiceps cristatus 9 5 45003. Pelecanus crispus 114. Phalacrocorax carbo 300 1505. Ardea cinerea 14 6. Egretta alba 1 2 27. Botaurus stellaris 1 8. Anser albifrons 1 9. Cygnus olor 1 10. Cygnus cygnus 47 411. Tadorna tadorna 112. Anas crecca 12 1380 100013. Anas acuta 50014. Anas platyrhynchos 6 920 1500015. Aythya ferina 31 6 16. Aythya fuligula 1 17. Bucephala clangula 4 20018. Mergellus albellus 1 30019. Mergus merganser 120. Fulica atra 43 621. Pluvialis apricaria 39 22. Lymnocriptes minimus 1

72


23. Calidris alpina 11 24. Calidris alba 8 25. Larus cachinnans 150 176026. Larus ichthyaetus 427. Larus ridibundus 2850 6200


29. Larus genei 21030. Larus spp. 1200


2.5.6. Paliastomi LakeDuring four counts 37 waterbird species were observed (Table 40). The average number of birds per

count was 27,170 (R= 4,340 – 45,422). The average number of species was – 17.8 (R= 10 – 23). The most numerous species during the counts were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 19,835; R= 0 – 38,000), Anas crecca (A= 2,899; R= 0 – 8,600), Larus ridibundus (A= 825; R= 0 – 2,900), Aythya fuligula (A= 393; R= 168 – 702) and Aythya ferina (A= 391; R= 150 – 650).

Table 40. The number of waterbird species observed at Paliastomi Lake

N Species

1998

2003

2005

2006

1. Tachybaptus rufi collis 20 2 7 2. Podiceps cristatus 538 128 160 3. Podiceps nigricollis 59 12 5 4. Podiceps grisegena 15. Phalacrocorax carbo 250 2 56. Ardea cinerea 3 1 1 37. Egretta alba 15 2 178. Egretta garzetta 2 19. Anser albifrons 16 10. Anser anser 1 3011. Anser spp. 1512. Pelecanus crispus 313. Cygnus olor 17 7 3514. Cygnus cygnus 215. Tadorna tadorna 1 16. Anas penelope 12 17. Anas crecca 8600 994 200018. Anas acuta 75 19. Anas platyrhynchos 34400 6941 38000

20.Prob.>99% Anas platyrhynchos

15500

73


21. Anas strepera 21522. Oxyura leucocephala 223. Netta rufi na 16 24. Aythya ferina 650 373 15025. Aythya fuligula 500 702 168 20026. Aythua nyroca 1 27. Aythya marila 1 28. Anas, Aythya - mixed 3520 29. Bucephala clangula 25 9 30. Mergellus albellus 1 7 31. Mergus serrator 2 32. Haliaeetus albicilla 1333. Fulica atra 25 48 50 75034. Vanellus vanellus 1035. Numenius arquata 17 1236. Larus cachinnans 6 1737. Larus ichthyaetus 1 338. Larus minutus 839. Larus ridibundus 2900 400 40. Sterna sandvicensis 8 41. Sterna spp. 5


2.5.7. Peat Cuttings (South of Paliastomi)During four counts 27 waterbird species were observed (Table 41). The average number of birds per

count was 1,047 (R= 408 – 1,814). The average number of species was – 14.7 (R= 8 – 19). The most numerous species during the counts were Anas crecca (A= 365; R= 1 – 1,200), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 205; R= 9 – 550) and Aythya fuligula (A= 152; R= 67 – 335).

Table 41. The number of waterbird species observed at the Peat Cuttings

N Species

1998

2003

2005

2006

1. Gavia arctica 1 2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 7 5 3. Podiceps cristatus 192 32 194. Podiceps nigricollis 5 7 5. Podiceps grisegena 26. Phalacrocorax carbo 14 5 7. Ardea cinerea 3 3 3 18. Egretta alba 1 19. Cygnus olor 7 10. Tadorna tadorna 15

74


11. Anas penelope 312. Anas crecca 1200 20 240 113. Anas platyrhynchos 79 9 180 55014. Netta rufi na 1 15. Aythya ferina 92 98 8116. Aythya fuligula 96 67 335 10817. Aythya marila 12 418. Bucephala clangula 18 2 3 19. Mergellus albellus 25 39 1920. Mergus merganser 19 21. Mergus serrator 18 5 1922. Fulica atra 25 42 90 6523. Vanellus vanellus 60 190 24. Gallinago gallinago 1 25. Larus cachinnans 2126. Larus ichthyaetus 127. Sterna sandvicensis 4 728. Sterna spp. 10 5


2.5.8. Khidmaghala FishpondsDuring three counts 30 waterbird species were observed (Table 42). The average number of birds

per count was 392 (R= 236 – 510). The average number of species was – 13.0 (R= 9 – 19). The most numerous species during the counts were Aythya fuligula (A= 78; R= 0 – 220), Anas acuta (A= 58; R= 0 – 140), Fulica atra (A= 43; R= 0 – 130); Aythya ferina (A= 41; R= 0 – 120), Anser albifrons (A= 36; R= 0 – 100).

Table 42. The number of waterbird species observed at Khidmaghala Fishponds

N Species

1998

2003

2006

1. Gavia arctica 12. Podiceps cristatus 213. Phalacrocorax carbo 9 64. Ardea cinerea 2 165. Egretta alba 3 416. Egretta garzetta 47. Anser albifrons 8 1008. Cygnus cygnus 709. Cygnus olor 2010. Tadorna tadorna 6 3011. Anas crecca 1

75


12. Anas platyrhynchos 38 413. Anas penelope 214. Anas strepera 3215. Anas acuta 35 14016. Anas clypeata 1417. Netta rufi na 118. Aythya ferina 3 12019. Aythya nyroca 420. Aythya fuligula 220 1521. Mergellus albellus 3022. Fulica atra 13023. Numenius arquata 924. Recurvirostra avosetta 625. Tringa ochropus 126. Tringa erythropus 127. Sterna sandvicensis 728. Larus minutus 1629. Larus ridibundus 830. Larus canus 1


2.5.9. Ispani Marshes ( Kobuleti National Reserve)During the 17.02. 2006 count in Kobuleti National Reserve were observed only 700 Anas platyrhynchos.

2.5.10. Chorokhi River DeltaDuring three counts 27 waterbird species were observed (Table 43). The average number of birds per

count was 9,836 (R= 5,297 – 12,822). The average number of species was – 13.7 (R= 3 – 20). The most numerous species during the counts were Larus cachinnans (A= 4,480; R= 0 – 12,440), Fulica atra (A= 1,002; R= 0 – 2,800), Podiceps cristatus (A= 914; R= 0 – 1,500) and Anas platyrhynchos (A= 383; R= 34 – 732).

Table 43. The number of waterbird species observedin the Chorokhi River Delta

N Species

1995

2003

2006

1. Gavia arctica 8 22. Tachybaptus rufi collis 393. Podiceps cristatus 1242 15004. Podiceps nigricollis 385. Puffi nus yelkouan 76. Pelecanus crispus 27. Phalacrocorax carbo 163 1488. Ardea cinerea 18 2

76


9. Egretta alba 4 910. Egretta garzetta 1111. Botaurus stellaris 612. Anser albifrons 7513. Anser anser 2 17314. Cygnus olor 175 1515. Cygnus cygnus 4 207 5216. Anas penelope 5117. Anas strepera 2418. Anas platyrhynchos 732 3419. Anas querquedula 27720. Anas clypaeta 921. Anas spp. 14922. Netta rufi na 1623. Aythya ferina 22 6024. Aythya fuligula 41325. Mergellus albellus 4 2926. Fulica atra 206 280027. Gallinago gallinago 428. Larus cachinnans 12440 100029. Larus spp. 7336


2.5.11. Additional data from different parts of the Georgian CoastAlong the Black Sea Coast between Sarpi and River Choloki 16-17.12.1995 were observed 15,638

waterbirds of 20 species (Table 44). The most numerous species were Podiceps cristatus (3,894 /24.90%), Aythya fuligula (1,963 /12.55) and Phalacrocorax carbo (1,223 / 7.82). A large proportion of counted birds was not identifi ed at species level - Larus spp. (6,740 / 43.10)

Table 44. The number of waterbird species observed along the Black Sea Coast between Sarpi andRiver Choloki

№ SpeciesBlack Sea Coast (1995)

Sarpi – Chorokhi

Makhinjauri – Kobuleti

Kobuleti – River Choloki

1. Gavia arctica 14 21 92. Gavia stellata 4 3 3. Tachybaptus rufi collis 4 4. Podiceps cristatus 1192 2214 4885. Podiceps nigricollis 4 27 226. Podiceps grisegena 16 2 97. Podiceps spp 41 182 1338. Puffi nus yelkouan 2 1 39. Phalacrocorax carbo 1102 48 73

77


10. Anser albifrons 7 11. Cygnus olor 1 2 12. Cygnus cygnus 11 6 13. Tadorna tadorna 2 14. Anas strepera 1 3 15. Anas spp. 178 73 8616. Anas platyrhynchos 144 89 10117. Anas querquedula 292 203 9318. Anas clypaeta 3 19. Anas acuta 1 20. Aythya fuligula 886 562 51521. Mergellus albellus 7 4 222. Fulica atra 9 3 23. Larus spp. 4266 1607 867


During 22-24.01.2003 in the coastal area between Batumi and Poti 155,938 waterbirds of 12 species were counted (Table 45). The most numerous were Podiceps cristatus (48,900 / 42.18%), Larus ridibundus (40,600 / 35.02), Larus cachinnans (14,800 / 12.77) and Aythya fuligula (7,550 / 6.51)

Table 45. The number of waterbird species observed along the Black Sea Coast between Batumi and Poti

SpeciesBlack Sea Coast (2003)

Batumi – Kobuleti

Kobuleti – Ureki Ureki – Poti

1. Gavia arctica 42. Podiceps cristatus 30600 9100 92003. Podiceps nigricollis 24. Phalacrocorax carbo 1665 25 3955. Anser anser 606. Cygnus olor 67. Anas platyrhynchos 1400 1708. Anas crecca 3609. Aythya fuligula 400 715010. Bucephala clangula 111. Larus ridibundus 40500 10012. Larus cachinnans 9200 5500 100


78


3. Turkey

Kiraz Erciyas

Turkey is among the richest countries in Europe for birds because of its considerable diversity of habitats and its geographical position, situated at the junction of the Asian, European and African continents. Turkey has 135 wetland areas that are of international importance (Lise and Akarsu, 2007) and has declared 13 Ramsar Sites since 1994. Many species of waterfowl fi nd suitable conditions for wintering in the wetlands of Turkey.

3.1. Coordination of counts, network of counters and methodological aspects of the countsDoğa Derneği (DD) has been carrying out Midwinter Waterfowl Counts and coordinating the Common

Bird Monitoring Scheme in collaboration with the network of birdwatchers in the country. The only study constructing the basis of International Waterbird Counts (IWC) in Turkey is the Midwinter Waterfowl Count. There are not specifi c birdwatching activities in wetlands and those that are carried out do not follow specifi c methodologies. There is a national level data base where count data is accumulated.

A territorial scheme for conducting counts along the Black Sea Coast is established. The list of key sites for wintering waterbird counts is given below (order of sites from east to west given in accordance to general numbering of the sites for all three countries) and presented in Pic 6:

– Artvin Coast– Rize Coast– Trabzon Coast – Giresun Coast– Ordu Coast– Samsun Coast– Yeşilırmak Delta– Kızılırmak Delta– Sinop Coast– Sarıkum Lake– Amasra Coast – Zonguldak Coast (Kozlu – Ereğli)– Sakarya Delta – Istanbul Coast (Kilyos – Riva – Şile coasts)– Bosphorus– Terkos Lake– İğneadaThe biggest gap for the Midwinter Waterfowl Counts is the lack of experienced birdwatchers

throughout the country. Experienced birdwatchers are generally concentrated in certain regions of the country, especially Marmara, Aegean, Western and Middle Black Sea regions. At the same time, for the long–term continuation of this activity, a local birdwatchers network is essential. Therefore, participation of young and enthusiastic birdwatchers in such monitoring schemes is important. And their skills in identifi cation and counting should be increased through traning. Besides, there is a need for technical equipment that will allow them to carry out these surveys on a regular basis.

3.2. The time period and sites coverageWelch and Welch (1997) did the fi rst and only systematic count along the Turkish Black Sea Coast. In

1997 they counted in total 128,372 waterbirds of 64 species. In 1996 DHKD (Society for the Conservation of Nature) organized for that year National Waterfowl Counts in 67 wetlands throughout Turkey. The majority of sites covered were inland and therefore coastal species were under–represented.

Midwinter Waterfowl Counts have been carried out irregularly since 1967 in Turkey and since 2003 DD has been coordinating the counts regularly (every year since 2005). The number of sites counted along the Black Sea Coast reached its maximum 13 in 2008, when all impotant sites in the region were covered (Pic.9). Detailed information on sites coverage is presented in Table 46.

79


Table 46. Sites coverage during the MWC 1967 – 2010

Site name19671968196919701971197319881990199219931994199519961997199920022003200520062007

2008

20092010

Artvin Coast 1 1 Rize Coast 1 1 1 1 Trabzon Coast 1 1 Giresun Coast 1 1 Ordu Coast 1 Samsun Coast 1 1 1 1 1 1 Yeşilırmak Delta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Kizilirmak Delta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sinop Coast 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sarikum Lake 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Amasra Coast 1 1 1 1Zonguldak Coast 1 Sakarya Delta 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Istanbul Coast 1 1 1 Bosphorus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Terkos Lake 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Igneada 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Total 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 4 1 2 4 9 5 6 1 9 8 12 13 10 5

Pic. 9 Number of sites counted during the MWC 1967 – 2010

01234567891011121314

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1973

1988

1990

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1999

2002

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

80


3.3. Species coverage and general count resultsFor the period 1967 – 2010 a total of 1,670,072 waterbirds of 97 species have been counted, the

number varying from 799 in 1968 to 270,890 in 2008 (Pic.10).Among them the most numerous species were Fulica atra (637,499 birds / 38.17%), Anas platyrhynchos

(191,571 / 11.47%) and Anser crecca (115,873 / 6.94%). The next common 9 species were much less numerous, but nevertheless the total for each of these species exceeds 20 thousand birds: Larus ridibundus – 89,889, Aythya ferina – 89,499, Larus cachinnans – 64,890, Aythya fuligula – 58,750, Phalacrocorax carbo – 40,502, Podiceps cristatus – 32,561, Anas clypeata – 30,360, Vanellus vanellus

Pic. 10 Number of waterbirds counted during the MWC 1967 – 2010

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1973

1988

1990

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1999

2002

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

Puffinus yelkouanAnas acuta

Anas penelopeVanellus vanellus

Anas clypeataPodiceps cristatus

Phalacrocorax carboAythya fuligula

Larus cachinnansAythya ferina

Larus ridibundusAnas crecca

Anas platyrhynchosFulica atra

Pic. 11 The most common waterbird species observed at sites along the Turkish Black Sea coast

81


– 21,874 and Anas penelope – 20,112. (See Pic.11 and Table 47).Comparison of the ratios of different taxonomic groups shows that the most numerous are Gruiformes

– 640,662 birds / 38.36%, Anseriformes – 616,568 / 36.91% and Charadriiformes – 207,506 /12.43%. Birds of other taxonomic groups were less numerous: Pelecaniformes – 47,872 / 2.86%, Podicipediformes – 37,089 / 2.22%, Procellariiformes – 11,009 / 0.66%, Gaviiformes – 4,622 / 0.28%, Ciconiiformes – 2,735 / 0.17%, Phoenicopteriformes – 6 / 0.0004%.

Table 47. The total numbers of birds counted during period 1967 – 2010Order Family Species Total %

Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellata 19 <0.01Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia arctica 4603 0.28 Sub–total 4622 0.28Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus rufi collis 1780 0.11Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollis 2721 0.16Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps grisegena 27 <0.01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus 32561 1.95 Sub–total 37089 2.22Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus yelkouan 11009 0.66 Sub–total 11009 0.66Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus onocrotalus 1 <0.01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus crispus 54 <0.01Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo 40502 2.43Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax aristotelis 3173 0.19Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax pygmeus 4142 0.25 Sub–total 47872 2.87Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Botaurus stellaris 49 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis 3 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta alba 1048 0.06Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta 682 0.04Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea 862 0.05Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Platalea leucorodia 4 <0.01Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus 65 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia 3 <0.01Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia nigra 19 <0.01 Sub–total 2735 0.16Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus roseus 6 <0.01 Sub–total 6 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Branta rufi collis 52 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser 1886 0.11Anseriformes Anatidae Anser albifrons 4242 0.25Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olor 2479 0.15Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnus 1024 0.06Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus columbianus 8 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna ferruginea 914 0.05Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadorna 3371 0.20

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Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos 191571 11.47Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca 115873 6.94Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera 4481 0.27Anseriformes Anatidae Anas penelope 20112 1.20Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta 14669 0.88Anseriformes Anatidae Anas querquedula 160 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeata 30360 1.82Anseriformes Anatidae Anatinae spp. 66364 3.97Anseriformes Anatidae Netta rufi na 6312 0.38Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya ferina 89499 5.36Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca 56 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya fuligula 58750 3.52Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya marila 47 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya spp. 215 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Clangula hyemalis 1 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Bucephala clangula 1056 0.06Anseriformes Anatidae Somateria mollissima 14 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta nigra 2 <0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta fusca 711 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Oxyura leucocephala 1475 0.09Anseriformes Anatidae Mergellus albellus 610 0.04Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus serrator 246 0.01Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser 8 <0.01 Sub–total 616568 36.92Gruiformes Gruidae Grus grus 2 <0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Rallus aquaticus 137 0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropus 240 0.01Gruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio porphyrio 2784 0.17Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica atra 637499 38.17 Sub–total 640662 38.36 Anatinae / Fulica atra 11281 0.68 Sub–total 11281 0.68Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis squatorola 211 0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricaria 5276 0.32Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius hiaticula 41 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius dubius 9 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius alexandrinus 27 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus vanellus 21874 1.31Charadriiformes Charadriidae Himantopus himantopus 3 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Recurvirostra avosetta 13 <0.01Charadriiformes Haematopidae Haematopus ostralegus 23 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochropus 65 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa nebularia 61 <0.01

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Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa totanus 902 0.05Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa erythropus 66 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilis 2 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos 10 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Philomachus pugnax 30 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minuta 1889 0.11Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris temminckii 72 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alpina 1685 0.10Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minuta/alpina 50 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris canutus 5 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alba 61 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago 401 0.02Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax rusticola 13 0.00Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata 583 0.03Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopus 2 <0.01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosa 1700 0.10Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica 7 <0.01Charadriiformes Charadrii spp. 210 0.01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius parasiticus 4 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ichthyaetus 119 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus melanocephalus 431 0.03Charadriiformes Laridae Larus minutus 1815 0.11Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ridibundus 89889 5.38Charadriiformes Laridae Larus genei 50 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus fuscus 76 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus cachinnans 64890 3.89Charadriiformes Laridae Larus michahellis 7548 0.45Charadriiformes Laridae Larus armenicus 150 0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus canus 6500 0.39Charadriiformes Laridae Larus spp. 495 0.03Charadriiformes Laridae Rissa tridactyla 5 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna caspia 1 <0.01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna sandvicensis 242 0.01 Sub–total 207506 12.42 Unidentifi ed waterbirds 90722 5.43

TOTAL 1670072 100.00

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3.4. Waterbird count results for key Black Sea coastal wetlands of Turkey

3.4.1. Artvin CoastStretches from Fındıklı to Sarp (Georgian border). The area includes small river mouths and the ports

of Hopa and Arhavi. The MWC resuls are given in Table 48. During two counts 17 waterbird species were observed. The

average number of birds per count was 2,996 (R= 1,648 – 4,203). The average number of species was – 13 (R= 10 – 16). The most numerous spescies were Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 994; R= 532 – 1,456), Larus ridibundus (A= 543; R= 3 – 1,082), Podiceps cristatus (A= 319; R= 108 – 529).

Table 48. Numbers of wintering waterbirdscounted on the Artvin Coast

N Species

2007

2008

1. Gavia arctica 207 2842. Tachybaptus rufi collis 53. Podiceps nigricollis 104. Podiceps cristatus 108 5295. Puffi nus yelkouan 158 26. Phalacrocorax carbo 532 14567. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 341 98. Ardea cinerea 19. Aythya fuligula 3 3010. Bucephala clangula 111. Fulica atra 69 51112. Larus melanocephalus 213. Larus ridibundus 3 108214. Larus fuscus 115. Larus michahellis 224 25816. Larus canus 1617. Sterna sandvicensis 818. Unidentifi ed waterbird 1


3.4.2. Rize CoastStretches from Iyidere to Ardeşen. The area includes small river mouths and the ports of Rize, Iyidere,

Çayeli, Pazar and Ardeşen.The MWC results are given in Table 49. As seen from the results, the area is important for wintering

waterbirds. During four counts 32 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 9,882 (R= 1,988 – 17,927). The average number of species was – 21.5 (R= 18 – 27). The most numerous spescies were Larus cachinnans (A= 3,362; R= 1,100 – 5,480, Larus ridibundus (A= 2,059; R= 15 – 4,981, Fulica atra (A= 1,539; R=175 – 3,211, Podiceps cristatus (A= 1,057; R= 362 – 1,763, Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 685; R= 66 – 2,044).

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Table 49. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Rize Coast

N Species

1997

2005

2007

2008

1. Gavia stellata 1 12. Gavia arctica 455 3 300 4763. Tachybaptus rufi collis 11 4 9 3914. Podiceps nigricollis 47 3 14 985. Podiceps grisegena 16. Podiceps cristatus 362 450 1651 17637. Puffi nus yelkouan 220 148. Phalacrocorax carbo 66 145 483 2044

9.Phalacrocorax aristotelis 3 3 97

10. Egretta alba 211. Ardea cinerea 1 4 1112. Cygnus olor 7913. Cygnus cygnus 214. Anas platyrhynchos 148 36 19415. Anas crecca 116. Anas penelope 117. Aythya ferina 18 2 8118. Aythya fuligula 134 25 177 59519. Bucephala clangula 33 8520. Mergus serrator 13 3 921. Fulica atra 2367 175 402 321122. Stercorarius parasiticus 123. Larus ichthyaetus 1 824. Larus melanocephalus 162 8 1325. Larus minutus 65 4 115 18326. Larus ridibundus 1213 15 2027 498127. Larus genei 128. Larus fuscus 54 3 229. Larus cachinnans 5480 1100 3237 362930. Larus armenicus 7 1731. Larus canus 163 25 1932. Larus spp. 1533. Sterna sandvicensis 8 6 10 30


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3.4.3. Trabzon Coast Stretches from Beşikdüzü to Of. The site includes the mouths of small rivers and the ports of Trabzon,

Beşikdüzü, Akçaabat, Arsin, Sürmene and Of. The area is important for wintering waterbirds. MWC results are given in Table 50. During two

counts 22 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 8,457 (R= 7,241 – 9,672). The average number of species was – 16.5 (R= 13 – 20). The most numerous species were Larus michahellis (A= 3,533; R= 3,152 – 3,914), Podiceps cristatus (A= 1,558; R= 1,073 – 2,042), Fulica atra (A= 1,335; R= 753 – 1,916), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 1,018; R= 844 – 1,191).

Table 50. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted along the Trabzon Coast

N Species

2007

2008

1. Gavia arctica 134 4482. Tachybaptus rufi collis 2 33. Podiceps nigricollis 154. Podiceps cristatus 2042 10735. Puffi nus yelkouan 66. Phalacrocorax carbo 844 11917. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1628. Ardea cinerea 2 19. Cygnus olor 2110. Cygnus cygnus 211. Anas platyrhynchos 19 8412. Aythya ferina 5513. Aythya fuligula 39 27114. Bucephala clangula 3615. Fulica atra 753 191616. Stercorarius parasiticus 117. Larus melanocephalus 318. Larus minutus 85 4419. Larus ridibundus 3 55820. Larus fuscus 421. Larus michahellis 3152 391422. Larus canus 30


3.4.4. Giresun CoastThe Giresun Coast stretches from Bulancak to Eynesil. Smaller streams fl ow into the Black Sea.

Smaller boundary ports and Giresun port host most of the waterbirds in this area. Two km N of the mainland is Giresun Island, which is important for wintering waterbirds: Aythya

fuligula (14,550 indiv.), Gavia arctica (609 indiv.), Melanitta fusca (20 indiv.) (Eken et al., 2006). The MWC results are given in Table 51. During two counts 31 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 13,931 (R= 4,526 – 23,336). The average number of species was – 23

87


(R= 18 – 28). The most numerous spescies were Aythya fuligula (A= 5,454; R= 132 – 10,775), Fulica atra (A= 2,443; R= 400 – 4,486), Larus cachinnans (A= 1,724; R= 1,370 – 2,077), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 1,393; R=731 – 2,055), Podiceps cristatus (A= 933; R= 88 – 1,777), Larus ridibundus (A= 926, R =343 – 1,509).

Table 51. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Giresun Coast

N Species

1997

2008

1. Gavia stellata 1 92. Gavia arctica 6093. Tachybaptus rufi collis 9 44. Podiceps nigricollis 187 705. Podiceps grisegena 16. Podiceps cristatus 1777 887. Puffi nus yelkouan 2748. Phalacrocorax carbo 731 20559. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 310. Egretta alba 111. Ardea cinerea 11 212. Cygnus olor 1313. Cygnus cygnus 114. Anas platyrhynchos 235 1415. Anas crecca 53 116. Anas penelope 517. Aythya ferina 77 1618. Aythya fuligula 10775 13219. Aythya marila 320. Bucephala clangula 12521. Mergellus albellus 222. Mergus serrator 1023. Fulica atra 4486 40024. Gallinago gallinago 125. Stercorarius parasiticus 126. Larus melanocephalus 527. Larus minutus 1628. Larus ridibundus 1509 34329. Larus cachinnans 2077 137030. Larus canus 347 131. Sterna sandvicensis 8 4


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3.4.5. Ordu CoastThis area stretches from Ünye to Giresun city border (Bulancak). It includes the Melet River, some

smaller streams, and some islands (Akkuş island). Habitats consist of rocky cliffs, river mouths and coastline. After the Sarp – Samsun road was built next to the coast, all coastal dunes were destroyed. Only some rocky cliffs, harbours and the Black Sea itself serves as suitable habitat for the birds.

Only in 2006 was MWC performed in this area (Table 52). Even in KusBank (the internet based Turkish Bird Database) thereare very few records about the area, which makes it very diffi cult to make an assessment about the area. There is a serious need for monitoring needs to be done in the coastal area.

During the count a total of 17,061 waterbirds of species were observed. The most numerous spescies were Larus cachinnans (4,478), Aythya fuligula (4,153), Fulica atra (2,656) and Podiceps cristatus (1,330).

Table 52. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Ordu Coast

N Species

2006

1. Gavia arctica 602. Tachybaptus rufi collis 53. Podiceps nigricollis 834. Podiceps cristatus 13305. Phalacrocorax carbo 6006. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 207. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 48. Botaurus stellaris 19. Egretta alba 110. Ardea cinerea 1111. Cygnus olor 912. Anas platyrhynchos 14313. Anas penelope 314. Aythya ferina 50915. Aythya fuligula 415316. Aythya marila 617. Bucephala clangula 918. Mergellus albellus 219. Fulica atra 265620. Larus minutus 1021. Larus ridibundus 62522. Larus cachinnans 447823. Larus armenicus 824. Larus canus 89025. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 1445

Total number of birds 17061Total number of species 24

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3.4.6. Samsun CoastThis area includes two small rivers (Mert and Kürtün) which fl ow into the Black Sea in the centre of

Samsun. Samsun harbor is also very important for some waterbirds. Doğupark (next to the Mert River) is also very important for wintering waterbirds where a part of the port stretches.

Large numbers of Larus cachinnans and Aythya fuligula were counted. Since 2006 more than 1000 Aythya fuligula, Larus cachinnans and Larus ridibundus were counted on the Samsun Coast, mainly at Doğupark and Batıpark (OMÜKUŞ records, unpl.). The species biodiversity was higher before 2006. In Batıpark the Samsun Municipality reconstructed the area and destroyed the sand islands and sand dunes where high numbers of Sterna sandwichensis were wintering.

The results of MWC are given in Table 53. These results do not refl ect the whole picture as the entire Samsun Coast area was not counted. In 1970 and 1971 there was access to Samsun port, now it is forbidden to enter. It is expected that the numbers would be much higher if the port could be counted.

During six MWC counts 19 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 2,130 (R= 866 – 4,138). The average number of species was – 8.2 (R= 4 – 13). The most numerous spescies dirung the period of counting were Aythya fuligula (A= 1,196; R= 0 – 2,680), Fulica atra (A= 399; R= 15 – 900), Larus ridibundus (A= 152; R= 0 – 620), Larus cachinnans (A= 124; R= 0 – 715).

The Samsun Coast has not been counted with the same methodology every year. The changes in the numbers of birds counted can be explained partly by variations in the methodology used.

Table 53. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Samsun Coast

N Species1970

1971

1990

2002

2005

2006

1. Gavia arctica 1 222. Tachybaptus rufi collis 45 4 43. Podiceps nigricollis 73 1 44. Podiceps cristatus 210 100 18 2 65. Phalacrocorax carbo 55 2 176. Egretta alba 4 17. Ardea cinerea 18. Anas platyrhynchos 100 245 699. Anas strepera 3010. Anas penelope 111. Aythya ferina 100 20 200 8 4512. Aythya fuligula 2680 2275 1640 321 26013. Mergellus albellus 214. Mergus serrator 515. Fulica atra 900 690 15 250 68 47316. Larus minutus 8217. Larus ridibundus 620 29418. Larus cachinnans 715 13 1519. Sterna sandvicensis 74


90

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...Table 54. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted in the Yeşilırmak Delta

N Species

1967

1969

1970

1971

1973

1993

1995

1996

1997

1999

2002

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1. Gavia arctica 1 70 2 3 23 2 7 2 242. Tachybaptus rufi collis 38 6 35 27 20 17 7 4 39 12 1 193. Podiceps nigricollis 27 19 90 24 57 2 22 884. Podiceps grisegena 25. Podiceps cristatus 31 17 50 238 510 58 22 41 36 37 1506. Puffi nus yelkouan 150 307. Phalacrocorax carbo 102 84 39 333 109 23 23 968. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 27 179 96 181 192 1169. Botaurus stellaris 110. Bubulcus ibis 111. Egretta alba 13 5 6 6 2 13 18 7 32 4 10 2612. Egretta garzetta 1 1 3 7 3 6 16 2 13 12 10 1513. Ardea cinerea 11 1 2 3 2 2 6 5 3 26 6 19 1514. Branta rufi collis 115. Anser anser 80 116. Anser albifrons 300 100 12 1 117. Cygnus olor 15 5 2 10 118. Cygnus cygnus 4 14 1219. Tadorna ferruginea 500 186 120. Tadorna tadorna 2767 5 3 121. Anas platyrhynchos 5040 4200 15 1100 5500 7750 4041 2460 312 11 5 457 4 31 460622. Anas crecca 330 55 2505 2840 2300 48 90 14 19 2167 33 123. Anas strepera 6 50 3 2424. Anas penelope 40 1 600 100 250 1580 61 143 9 45 1225. Anas acuta 40 900 30 30 1 54

91

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...26. Anas clypeata 5 4 47 5 3 13 436 1 127. Anatinae spp. 100 400 2728. Netta rufi na 520 155 3 2 39 1629. Aythya ferina 9 30 7 230 5400 66 70 148 23 716 7 790 4930. Aythya fuligula 1800 6000 135 100 72 398 875 51 67 35 4731. Aythya marila 4 7 232. Bucephala clangula 2 61 37 8 52 58 36 2 1 7 13933. Melanitta fusca 57 485 4334. Mergellus albellus 3 235. Mergus serrator 3 7 5 3 10 536. Mergus merganser 137. Rallus aquaticus 4 1 1 238. Gallinula chloropus 1 6 1 1 239. Fulica atra 420 702 423 100 370 323 603 3370 4467 670 435 74540. Pluvialis squatarola 1 141. Pluvialis apricaria 70 550 6042. Charadrius hiaticula 11 943. Charadrius alexandrinus 1 1144. Vanellus vanellus 190 80 323 38 3 560 6 25045. Haematopus ostralegus 8 7 746. Tringa ochropus 9 2 3 547. Tringa nebularia 348. Tringa totanus 11 249. Calidris alpina 950. Calidris alba 951. Gallinago gallinago 4 2 7 16 5 752. Numenius arquata 5353. Limosa limosa 154. Larus ichthyaetus 2 3

92

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...55. Larus melanocephalus 1 156. Larus minutus 2 83157. Larus ridibundus 300 52 9 2 280 89058. Larus fuscus 259. Larus cachinnans 600 517 98 4 8 9 6 41 33060. Larus armenicus 261. Larus canus 24 2 3 29262. Sterna sandvicensis 1 1063. Anatinae / Fulica atra 20 261

Total number of birds 7689 11034 3504 5947 6171 455 12241 16220 5637 928 1223 4051 11306 990 2053 8006Total number of species 15 11 8 7 7 5 22 24 33 17 28 19 39 14 33 37

Table 55. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted in the Kızılırmak Delta

N Species

1988

1990

1992

1993

1996

1999

2002

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1. Gavia stellata 1 12. Gavia arctica 140 1 1 3 37 81 18 42 5023. Tachybaptus rufi collis 22 5 7 10 14 23 26 24 34 26 47 654. Podiceps nigricollis 21 3 50 17 77 2 13 52 9 59 615. Podiceps grisegena 1 1 16. Podiceps cristatus 880 311 81 93 459 60 1253 68 935 77 292 23247. Puffi nus yelkouan 35 3508. Pelecanus crispus 1 1 5 11 1 2 12 7 6 89. Phalacrocorax carbo 43 272 26 108 108 11 99 86 802 73 48 29610. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 41 210 181 174 167 284 526 90111. Botaurus stellaris 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 13 112. Bubulcus ibis 213. Egretta alba 39 9 6 46 30 43 20 67 34 39 62 83

93

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...14. Egretta garzetta 8 8 8 42 98 10 159 7 48 37 12515. Ardea cinerea 26 1 6 12 12 8 15 50 29 66 37 5116. Plegadis falcinellus 5 6017. Ciconia ciconia 1 118. Ciconia nigra 8 1 2 819. Phoenicopterus roseus 620. Branta rufi collis 121. Anser anser 52 1 5 322 3 90 24 17 160 20 34522. Anser albifrons 7 1281 26 29123. Cygnus olor 2 48 2 74 17 37 131 10 247 431 38724. Cygnus cygnus 15 19 30 25 400 1 22925. Cygnus columbianus 426. Tadorna ferruginea 191 5 1 127. Tadorna tadorna 23 11 1 316 33 53 1928. Anas platyrhynchos 1200 5456 4099 9679 15753 6900 1504 50000 1297 180 8607 1467629. Anas crecca 320 6400 7302 7000 11050 9700 2473 30000 2804 2541 5855 1466630. Anas strepera 2 25 564 250 231 330 37 229 158 137 2153 19831. Anas penelope 94 21 248 667 2120 2800 110 475 1480 524 4670 223832. Anas acuta 7 380 163 680 1342 3850 56 844 978 339 2239 229333. Anas clypeata 14 177 3115 4564 3375 5930 578 3000 382 1290 2236 494034. Anatinae spp. 8500 750 661 2730 46700 638035. Netta rufi na 86 10 36 184 403 1826 8 151 9 7 478 221836. Aythya ferina 980 1152 700 1025 5182 6850 547 549 3974 2772 23877 675937. Aythya nyroca 10 7 738. Aythya fuligula 1560 1506 691 208 4350 88 159 437 843 389 204 25139. Aythya marila 4 1 240. Bucephala clangula 25 1 22 1 25 2 67 2241. Melanitta fusca 28 9742. Oxyura leucocephala 2 73 22 3 830 52 341 42 2 44

94

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...43. Mergellus albellus 3 9 4 4 5 244. Mergus serrator 9 25 6 2 2 345. Mergus merganser 2 3 146. Grus grus 1 147. Rallus aquaticus 100 1 1 4 1 9 448. Gallinula chloropus 4 2 22 19 18 64 32 649. Porphyrio porphyrio 8 2 1044 505 265 959 150. Fulica atra 125000 2557 6393 28293 30511 55000 10795 57186 41459 39119 75713 5636451. Pluvialis squatarola 52 4 1 7 19 8 1 5 7152. Pluvialis apricaria 35 15 300 502 1389 260 344 604 300 807 753. Charadrius hiaticula 14 5 154. Charadrius dubius 1 855. Charadrius alexandrinus 14 156. Vanellus vanellus 1900 366 450 1344 2303 3520 989 1561 2306 1430 327457. Himantopus himantopus 358. Recurvirostra avosetta 7 559. Tringa ochropus 2 1 5 1 2 10 5 2 3 560. Tringa nebularia 1 28 25 1 161. Tringa totanus 15 19 50 210 72 164 25 31 130 77 9162. Tringa erythropus 5 51 7 363. Tringa stagnatilis 1 164. Actitis hypoleucos 1 2 6 165. Philomachus pugnax 25 3 166. Calidris minuta 26 45 570 540 665 10 30 367. Calidris temminckii 7268. Calidris alpina 150 6 314 352 50 61 172 488 4069. Calidris minuta/alpina 5070. Calidris canutus 171. Calidris alba 24 3

95

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...72. Gallinago gallinago 42 17 16 7 4 5 6 67 41 37 773. Scolopax rusticola 174. Numenius arquata 96 11 11 34 1 16 151 10 60 11975. Numenius phaeopus 276. Limosa limosa 400 614 3 303 62 114 164 3977. Limosa lapponica 778. Charadrii spp. 21079. Larus ichthyaetus 9 22 1 18 6 1 5 25 580. Larus minutus 21 50 7 281. Larus ridibundus 660 50 10 114 3 53 10 488 130 210 44482. Larus genei 1 1 583. Larus fuscus 184. Larus cachinnans 3 50 27 933 311 170 491 293 183 45685. Larus armenicus 2 7 8286. Larus canus 63 196 50 14 23 12 3 55 46 16887. Larus spp. 60 10088. Sterna caspia 189. Sterna sandvicensis 390. Anatinae / Fulica atra 1100091. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 34536 21047 2000

Total number of birds 142385 19091 25381 69394 81693 99336 23708 182456 80517 52487 178376 123131Total number of species 45 38 40 50 47 43 42 50 55 45 52 47

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3.4.7. Yeşilirmak DeltaThe Yeşilırmak Delta is the largest (90.000 ha) delta on the Turkish Black Sea coast. The greater part

of the delta has been converted to agriculture. In the eastern part of the delta is the Akgöl and Simenit lake complex, a 1,900 ha area, which 200 ha is open water. The main habitat is reed, swamp, seasonally fl ooded forest, dunes. There are also smaller lakes like Gagalı, Dumanlı, Akçasaz and Ahubaba.

The delta has lost most of its importance because of intesive human activity and agriculture. Some inland wetlands (including Dipsiz and Kuş lakse) have disappeared.

The results of MWC performed at this site are given in Table 54. During 16 counts 61 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 6,091 (R= 455 – 16,220). The average number of species was – 19.4 (R= 5 – 39). The most numerous spescies dirung the period of counting were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 2,221; R=0 – 7,750), Fulica atra (A=789; R= 0 – 4,467), Anas crecca (A= 650; R= 0 – 2,840), Aythya fuligula (A= 599; R= 0 – 6,000), Aythya ferina (A= 472; R= 0 – 5,400).

The Yeşilırmak Delta have not been counted with the same methodology every year. The changes in the bird numbers counted can be explained partly by variations in the methodology used.

3.4.8. Kizilirmak DeltaThe largest and most intact wetland on the Turkish Black Sea coast, the Kızılırmak Delta forms at the

point where the 1,182 km long Kızılırmak river fl ows into the Black Sea. The entire delta covers 56,000 ha, of which 70 % is intensively used by people.

There are seven lakes in the delta, six of them on the east side and one of the on the west side. The lakes in the east are Balık, Uzun, Cernek, Liman, Gıcı and Tatlı lakes and in the west there is Karaboğaz Lake. Most of them are fresh–water except Liman Lake, which has connection with Black Sea.

The Kızılırmak Delta is one of the most studied areas in Turkey. Systematic counts have been made here since 2002. Especially during winter months when most of the inland wetlands freeze, the Kızılırmak Delta is of vital importance as the biggest coastal refuge in the region. It is estimated that over 100,000 waterfowl winter each year in the delta. The MWC results are given in Table 55. During 12 counts 86 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 89,830 (R=19,091 – 182,456). The average number of species was – 46.2 (R= 38 – 55). The most numerous species dnring the period of counting were Fulica atra (A= 44,033; R= 2,557 – 125,000), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 9,946; R= 180 – 50,000), Anas crecca (A= 8,343; R= 320 – 30,000), Aythya ferina (A= 4,531; R= 547 – 23,877), Anas clypeata (A= 2,467; R= 14 – 5,930).

The Kızılırmak Delta has been counted every year from the same spots. The yearly changes in numbers may refl ect changes in bird populations or can also be the result of harsh weather conditions as was the case for years 2002 and 2007.

3.4.9. Sinop Coast

The Sinop Coasts is a coastal system of coastal dunes, the Sinop peninsula and the rest of the coastline around Sinop. The northernmost part of Turkey, Inceburun is also located within this area. The main habitats are coastal dunes, reedbeds (in Aksaz), rocky cliffs, deciduous forests.

The MWC results are given in Table 56. During six counts 41 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 7,163 (R=1,238 – 27,840). The average number of species was – 20.2 (R= 15 – 29). The most numerous spescies were Anas platyrhynchos (A= 1,910; R= 0 – 5,650), Fulica atra (A= 476; R= 45 – 816), Larus cachinnans (A= 363; R= 64 – 675), Aythya fuligula (A= 223; R=12 – 312).

Table 56. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Sinop Coast

N Species

1997

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1. Gavia arctica 51 21 105 21 562. Tachybaptus rufi collis 5 3 6 1

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3. Podiceps nigricollis 33 18 3 44. Podiceps grisegena 15. Podiceps cristatus 155 1 407 35 11 306. Puffi nus yelkouan 88 17. Phalacrocorax carbo 52 14 30 72 5 308. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 43 15 55 19. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 2 210. Botaurus stellaris 111. Egretta alba 1 7 2 1 2 212. Egretta garzetta 2 1 113. Ardea cinerea 1 3 1 2 114. Anser anser 3215. Cygnus olor 11 4416. Cygnus cygnus 5 7117. Tadorna ferruginea 2818. Anas platyrhynchos 85 5206 470 5650 5019. Anas crecca 18 2520. Anas penelope 286 1 44321. Anas acuta 36 522. Netta rufi na 4 8023. Aythya ferina 14 2 614 50 110 11924. Aythya fuligula 152 289 312 300 12 27325. Bucephala clangula 1 826. Somateria mollissima 227. Mergus serrator 5 228. Gallinula chloropus 129. Fulica atra 45 500 459 230 808 81630. Pluvialis squatarola 631. Pluvialis apricaria 3032. Vanellus vanellus 1 733. Gallinago gallinago 14 1 434. Scolopax rusticola 135. Larus ichthyaetus 136. Larus melanocephalus 137. Larus minutus 738. Larus ridibundus 100 12 15 25 2039. Larus cachinnans 675 64 244 186 441 56940. Larus armenicus 2441. Larus canus 439 7 670 15 642. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 311 20000


98


3.4.10. Sarikum LakeA complex of dune, lake and forest habitat in a broad valley near the sea. Sarıkum Lake is a shallow

brackish coastal lake (184 ha) which is fed by several streams and discharges through a channel into the sea at periods of high water levels. South of the lake and extending several kilometers inland there is an extensive, seasonally fl ooded forest of Fraxinus angustifolia.

The site qualifi es as an Important Bird Area for its large numbers of wintering waterfowl (max.20,266) including wintering Oxyura leucocephala (max. 55) (Magnin and Yarar, 1997) and Gavia arctica (296 individuals) (Eken et al, 2006).

The MWC results are given in Table 57. During 10 counts 47 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 3,694 (R= 950 – 8,915). The average number of species was – 22.6 (R= 18 – 31). The most numerous spescies were Aythya fuligula (A= 889; R= 0 – 4,523), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 827; R= 53 – 3,575), Aythya ferina (A= 482; R= 0 – 1,720), Anas crecca (A= 474; R= 20 – 2,150), Fulica atra (A= 448; R= 20 – 1,740).

Table 57. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted at Sarıkum Lake

N Species

1993

1996

1999

2002

2003

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1. Gavia arctica 3 1 22 152 2. Tachybaptus rufi collis 4 2 5 10 1 8 16 2 33. Podiceps nigricollis 2 2 7 3 4 4 6 24. Podiceps grisegena 1 12 5. Podiceps cristatus 25 35 5 48 16 33 5 66. Phalacrocorax carbo 11 23 3 24 23 2 13 41 8 47. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 4 65 71 5 19 108. Botaurus stellaris 1 9. Egretta alba 5 20 7 9 3 3 13 10 7 2410. Egretta garzetta 3 1 2 15 1 5 5 2 11. Ardea cinerea 3 10 13 22 9 10 7 6 1012. Anser anser 57 5 121 17 11 451 11 713. Anser albifrons 185 491 14. Cygnus olor 17 1 7 3 715. Cygnus cygnus 3 9 32 10 6016. Cygnus columbianus 117. Tadorna ferruginea 1 18. Tadorna tadorna 1 2 32 19. Anas platyrhynchos 100 53 332 1127 182 796 1343 586 3575 17620. Anas crecca 275 210 510 281 20 102 146 970 2150 7221. Anas strepera 1 11 11 1 2 222. Anas penelope 290 6 12 180 23. Anas acuta 3 25 4 5 6 224. Anas querquedula 150 25. Anas clypeata 2 17 14 18 60 24 4 2 2 4726. Netta rufi na 1827. Aythya ferina 50 266 112 24 68 1291 1120 1720 16628. Aythya nyroca 17

99


29. Aythya fuligula 354 4523 597 650 885 528 197 900 25830. Bucephala clangula 31. Oxyura leucocephala 1 13 9 4 29 832. Mergellus albellus 16 18 12 68 13 65 16 1 2 933. Rallus aquaticus 1 1 234. Gallinula chloropus 1 235. Fulica atra 1740 79 260 118 20 343 1615 110 125 7436. Pluvialis squatarola 37. Vanellus vanellus 358 16 1 16 5038. Recurvirostra avosetta 139. Tringa ochropus 1 140. Tringa totanus 141. Calidris alpina 642. Gallinago gallinago 50 3 3 9 543. Larus ridibundus 50 5044. Larus cachinnans 20 5 18 50 46 516 3445. Larus armenicus 146. Larus canus 5 4 147. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 650


3.4.11. Amasra CoastThe Amasra Coast stretches from Amasra to the Yenice River. There is a small delta, the Filyos Delta,

a coastal zone and small islands within the borders of this site. There are several habitat types such as deciduous forests, pseudo shrub and coastal dune.

The MWC results are given in Table 58. During four counts 31 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 4,719 (R= 785 – 7,605). The average number of species was – 17.3 (R= 13 – 22). The most numerous spescies were Podiceps cristatus (A= 1,890; R= 19 – 4,500), Larus cachinnans (A= 954; R= 150 – 2,426), Larus ridibundus (A= 953; R= 150 – 3,053), Phalacrocorax carbo (A=482; R=105 – 843), Fulica atra (A=144; R= 25 – 246).

The Amasra Coast has not been counted with the same methodology every year. The yearly changes in bird numbers counted can be explained partly by variations in methodology.

Table 58. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Amasra Coast

N Species

1997

2008

2009

2010

1. Gavia arctica 8 12. Tachybaptus rufi collis 2 5 13. Podiceps nigricollis 83 3 44. Podiceps cristatus 180 19 4500 28605. Puffi nus yelkouan 566. Phalacrocorax carbo 843 105 350 630

100


7. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 5 2 38. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 2 8 28 169. Botaurus stellaris 6 110. Egretta alba 24 311. Egretta garzetta 212. Ardea cinerea 33 613. Anser albifrons 4 114. Cygnus olor 1215. Cygnus cygnus 516. Anas platyrhynchos 50 617. Aythya ferina 52 50 318. Aythya fuligula 12619. Aythya marila 220. Bucephala clangula 6 221. Mergellus albellus 122. Rallus aquaticus 123. Gallinula chloropus 124. Fulica atra 246 220 25 8525. Larus ichthyaetus 1 126. Larus melanocephalus 1127. Larus minutus 728. Larus ridibundus 3053 150 380 23029. Larus cachinnans 2426 150 890 35030. Larus canus 454 50 2831. Sterna sandvicensis 2 2 2


3.4.12. Zonguldak Coast This is the coastal area of the province Zonguldak. There is inaccessible area on some parts of the

coast. The most important areas are Ereğli, Kozlu and Zonguldak port, which are situated on the mouths of the Gülünç and Kozlu rivers respectively. The coastal area lies between the boundaries of Kozlu and the Zonguldak district.

There are very few observations at this site. Ereğli port is important for wintering waterfowl. But there is no systematic count. Only in 2009 was MWC performed at this site (Table 59), during which a total of 1,895 waterbirds of 15 species were observed. The most numerous spescies were Larus ridibundus (1,195), Larus cachinnans (265) and Phalacrocorax carbo (165).

101


Table 59. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted at Zonguldak Coast

N Species

2009

1. Gavia arctica 62. Podiceps nigricollis 123. Podiceps cristatus 314. Puffi nus yelkouan 355. Phalacrocorax carbo 1656. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 77. Ardea cinerea 58. Anas platyrhynchos 49. Gallinula chloropus 810. Fulica atra 9411. Larus ridibundus 119512. Larus fuscus 213. Larus cachinnans 26514. Larus canus 6115. Sterna sandvicensis 5

Total number of birds 1895Total number of species 15

3.4.13. Sakarya DeltaThe Sakarya Delta is located in Sakarya district where the Sakarya River fl ows into the Black Sea.

The main habitats are the delta ecosystem, lakes, fl ooded forests and 40 km of coastal dunes. The inner parts of the delta have Akgöl Lake as the largest freshwater body and Acarlar fl ooded forest. The delta was drained and irreversibly damaged by drainage for agriculture and urbanization in the last 40 years, resulting in loss of connection between western and eastern parts of the delta. Today the delta can be defi ned in two parts, Acarlar fl ooded forest in the western part and Akgöl Lake in the eastern part.

The MWC results are given in Table 60. Outside the timing of MWCs during the winter of 2005 there were 30 – 63 wintering Branta rufi collis here and in 2000 there were 17 wintering Melanitta fusca recorded (Eken et al, 2006).

During 8 MWC counts 50 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 3,216 (R= 102 – 14,004). The average number of species was – 18.3 (R= 5 – 35). The most numerous spescies were Fulica atra (A= 1,276; R= 0 – 4,170), Aythya ferina (A= 608; R= 0 – 4,569), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 297; R= 0 – 1,100), Anser albifrons (A= 189; R= 0 – 1,461), Larus ridibundus (A= 174; R= 0 – 504).

Table 60. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted in the Sakarya Delta

N Species

1968

1969

1990

2005

2006

2007

2008

2010

1. Gavia arctica 402. Tachybaptus rufi collis 1 45 26 63. Podiceps nigricollis 15 2 1 64. Podiceps cristatus 1 3 53 160 133 43 339 25

102


5. Phalacrocorax carbo 2 58 141 28 536. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 9 17. Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 20 3 36 328. Botaurus stellaris 1 29. Egretta alba 7 3 7 2 1 510. Egretta garzetta 111. Ardea cinerea 2 6 3 1 1 1312. Branta rufi collis 3813. Anser anser 3014. Anser albifrons 50 1461 215. Cygnus olor 2 186 50 716. Cygnus cygnus 4 12 517. Tadorna tadorna 2118. Anas platyrhynchos 200 50 1006 1100 2319. Anas crecca 280 8 520. Anas penelope 4 2 115 321. Anas acuta 30 822. Anas querquedula 823. Anatinae spp. 105 1124. Netta rufi na 1 3 38 225. Aythya ferina 20 75 2 4569 6 190 126. Aythya nyroca 2 227. Aythya fuligula 1 276 7 1228. Aythya marila 7 429. Aythya spp. 21530. Bucephala clangula 1 5 35 331. Somateria mollissima 832. Mergellus albellus 1 168 133. Mergus serrator 234. Rallus aquaticus 135. Gallinula chloropus 5 15 2 236. Fulica atra 30 20 1065 4170 3820 110137. Pluvialis squatarola 2 838. Pluvialis apricaria 139. Vanellus vanellus 7 11 3640. Calidris alpina 6 841. Calidris canutus 342. Calidris alba 2 743. Gallinago gallinago 1 144. Numenius arquata 145. Stercorarius parasiticus 146. Larus melanocephalus 147. Larus minutus 88 7

103


48. Larus ridibundus 255 504 362 38 159 7049. Larus genei 38 150. Larus cachinnans 189 1 159 13 34 15051. Larus canus 14 86 24552. Larus spp. 28053. Sterna sandvicensis 4054. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 850


3.4.14. Istanbul Coast (Kilyos – Riva – Şile coast )Kilyos lies in the northernmost part of Istanbul, on the European side of the city. It has a long shore

along the water and rocky coast in some parts. Riva lies on the mouth of the Riva stream on the Asian side of the city Istanbul. There is a long sandy shore along the water. Şile lies more to the east than Riva and borders on the south and east the province Kocaeli. Şile is 70 km far from the city of Istanbul. It is a small holiday resort with its great sandy beaches. There is also a complex of four small islands at the entrance of Şile harbour.

Birdwatchers from Istanbul do some birdwatching in this area but these are not systematic studies. Earlier there was no standardized system of recording. Only during MWC in 1997, 2007 and 2009 was the Istanbul Coast counted systematically. The results are given in Table 61.

During the counts 41 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 6,902 (R= 1,891 – 15,944). The average number of species was – 24.3 (R= 19 – 32). The most numerous spescies were Larus cachinnans (A= 4,318; R= 16 – 11,520), Fulica atra (A= 686; R= 67 – 1,426), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 417; R= 44 – 639), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 318; R= 0 – 854), Phalacrocorax aristotelis (A= 216; R= 0 – 514).

The Istanbul Coast has not been counted with the same methodology every year. The yearly changes in bird numbers counted can be explained partly by variations in the methodology.

Table 61. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted on the Istanbul Coasts

N Species

1997

2007

2009

1. Gavia stellata 12. Gavia arctica 43 13. Tachybaptus rufi collis 3 314. Podiceps nigricollis 344 19 295. Podiceps grisegena 16. Podiceps cristatus 166 43 127. Puffi nus yelkouan 492 18. Phalacrocorax carbo 569 44 6399. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 135 51410. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 32 211. Botaurus stellaris 112. Egretta alba 2 5 613. Ardea cinerea 414. Branta rufi collis 6

104


15. Cygnus cygnus 116. Tadorna tadorna 617. Anas platyrhynchos 854 10118. Anas crecca 2319. Anas strepera 6 220. Anas penelope 7521. Aythya ferina 44 8722. Aythya fuligula 159 50 1123. Bucephala clangula 3924. Somateria mollissima 3 125. Mergellus albellus 726. Mergus serrator 3127. Gallinula chloropus 328. Fulica atra 566 1426 6729. Pluvialis squatarola 2 1230. Tringa totanus 231. Calidris alba 932. Scolopax rusticola 1 233. Larus ichthyaetus 134. Larus melanocephalus 63 10 335. Larus minutus 60 736. Larus ridibundus 294 2 3237. Larus genei 138. Larus fuscus 139. Larus cachinnans 11520 16 141940. Larus canus 531 4 341. Rissa tridactyla 3


3.4.15. Bosphorus The Bosphorus strait is ca 33 km north – south, in most places ca. 1,5 km wide, and separates Europe

from Asia. The site is dominated by the city of Istanbul but north of the city there are still largely forested areas.

For the period of counts in the region, this site was counted eight times, during which were observed 31 waterbird species (Table 62). The average number of birds per count was 14,707 (R= 6,257 – 22,644). The average number of species was – 13.3 (R= 7 – 25). The most numerous species dirung the period of counting were Larus ridibundus (A= 8,041; R= 97 – 15,040), Phalacrocorax carbo (A= 2,686; R= 139 – 9,531), Larus cachinnans (A= 2,025; R= 326 – 7,329), Puffi nus yelkouan (A= 1,093; R=150 – 1,980), Fulica atra (A= 340, R = 3 – 875).

105


Table 62. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted at the Bosphorus

N Species

1997

1999

2002

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Gavia stellata 12. Gavia arctica 243. Tachybaptus rufi collis 3 64. Podiceps nigricollis 113 7 28 11 4 1 55. Podiceps cristatus 80 19 88 54 93 166. Puffi nus yelkouan 207 1377 1517 372 150 1740 1402 19807. Phalacrocorax carbo 139 972 9531 3000 753 3297 1654 21458. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 9 24 384 56 1153 1059. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 110. Egretta alba 211. Ardea cinerea 22 13 9 30 2012. Tadorna tadorna 613. Anas platyrhynchos 301 10 214. Netta rufi na 115. Aythya ferina 1 116. Mergus serrator 14 217. Fulica atra 3 104 580 180 20 875 301 65918. Pluvialis squatarola 219. Tringa totanus 220. Calidris alpina 121. Scolopax rusticola 122. Larus ichthyaetus 123. Larus melanocephalus 56 7 13 3 1324. Larus minutus 5525. Larus ridibundus 97 15040 9480 1800 6267 14811 6407 1042526. Larus fuscus 1 1 2 1 127. Larus cachinnans 7329 2543 1371 500 326 970 615 254328. Larus canus 354 214 3 114 243 187 11429. Larus spp. 4030. Rissa tridactyla 231. Sterna sandvicensis 4 4 12


3.4.16. Terkos LakeIt is 50 kilometers to the north of Istanbul on the Black Sea coast, having an area of 25 km2 and

surrounded by small forests. The main habitats of the area are deciduous forests, heathlands, coastal dunes and freshwater habitats. Terkos Lake was a lagoon until its disconnection from the Black Sea in 1881. In order to supply water to Istanbul the lake was disconnected completely by installing regulators at the point where the lake meets the Black Sea. The lake can approach a length of 14 km and a width of 6 km. The lake is fed by Istıranca, Sivasköy and Çiftlikköy streams so its waters are fresh. It is one of the

10

6

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...Table 63. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted at Terkos Lake

N Species

1967

1968

1969

1993

1995

1996

1997

1999

2002

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Gavia stellata 22. Gavia arctica 1 9 1 6 1 13. Tachybaptus rufi collis 10 41 5 76 39 110 34 57 31 48 294. Podiceps nigricollis 15 5 20 45 17 21 17 41 13 26 325. Podiceps cristatus 30 2119 14 500 110 35 189 64 41 67 416. Puffi nus yelkouan 80 100 18 1407. Phalacrocorax carbo 90 5 45 60 49 189 91 399 30 502 2408. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1 29. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 12 56 224 50 4 47 44 21 1810. Botaurus stellaris 2 1 211. Egretta alba 10 40 9 3 11 11 15 74 27 212. Ardea cinerea 1 11 2 59 9 6 4 14 413. Platalea leucorodia 414. Ciconia ciconia 115. Branta rufi collis 616. Anser anser 1 217. Anser albifrons 1 1918. Cygnus olor 1 39 102 126 5 119. Cygnus cygnus 420. Tadorna tadorna 2 1 1 63 121. Anas platyrhynchos 86 400 15 200 2440 3 2000 135 2379 270 2 2104 1422. Anas crecca 2 6 57 24 12 3023. Anas strepera 5 624. Anas penelope 104 160 75 22 2025. Anas acuta 45 200 1 60 2 1

10

7

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...26. Anas querquedula 1 127. Anas clypeata 1 45 128. Netta rufi na 229. Aythya ferina 1 5 117 7700 200 759 604 14 2468 89 109 113 2430. Aythya nyroca 531. Aythya fuligula 46 50 50 1538 15 300 602 296 160 257 276 14 79 2832. Aythya marila 233. Bucephala clangula 60 9 234. Melanitta fusca 135. Mergellus albellus 6 9 7 26 39 20 3 1036. Mergus serrator 3 13 23 3 237. Mergus merganser 138. Rallus aquaticus 139. Gallinula chloropus 12 1 3 1 240. Fulica atra 2000 3890 1735 500 6561 2936 8101 3470 2014 3130 5257 238941. Pluvialis apricaria 242. Vanellus vanellus 170 8 30043. Tringa nebularia 144. Philomachus pugnax 145. Calidris alpina 2 546. Calidris canutus 147. Gallinago gallinago 2 1 4 5 148. Scolopax rusticola 1 649. Numenius arquata 2 1650. Larus ichthyaetus 851. Larus melanocephalus 1 1 10 3 1 552. Larus minutus 12 1 14 29 753. Larus ridibundus 2 30 15 40 154 7 2 76 510 33954. Larus genei 1

10

8

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...55. Larus cachinnans 2 10 230 34 77 22 250 16 110 118 19856. Larus canus 17 16 11 1 44 4 3 1957. Sterna sandvicensis 758. Unidentifi ed waterbirds 5000 200 1500 3125 57

Total number of birds 184 697 7138 7865 9875 4094 275 8440 6521 9513 10985 6823 3839 9242 3645Total number of species 8 6 10 20 8 15 6 26 23 25 25 24 28 23 24

109


main fresh water sources of Istanbul. The sources for bird records are from Mid Winter Counts (MWC) and KusBank (the internet based

Turkish Bird Database). Bird species and numbers based on MWC are given in Table 63. For the period of counts in the region, this site was counted 15 times, during which were observed

57 waterbird species. The average number of birds per count was 5,942 (R=184 – 10,985). The average number of species was – 18.1 (R= 6 – 28). The most numerous species dirung the period of counting were Fulica atra (A= 2,799; R=0 – 8,101), Aythya ferina (A= 814; R= 0 – 7,700), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 670; R= 0 – 2440), Aythya fuligula (A= 247; R= 0 – 1,538), Podiceps cristatus (A= 214; R= 0 –2,119).

3.4.17. IğneadaA complex of seasonally fl ooded forests, swamps, freshwater lakes and sand dune habitat on the Black

Sea coast near the Turkish – Bulgarian border. Water from the mountains fl ows via a number of streams to the sea (the most prominent being the Çavuşdere) and accumulates behind the dunes where it feeds the fl ooded forests which are largely below sea level. Five small lakes with a rich and diverse aquatic fl ora are situated within the area. The northernmost, Erikli (43 ha), is a coastal lagoon with no outlet to the sea during summer. The southernmost, Saka Lake (5 ha) is a freshwater lake located immediately inland from the sand dunes. Mert Lake (266 ha) is in fact a small delta of the Çavuşdere stream. Hamam Lake (19 ha) and Pedina Lake (10 ha) are situated further inland (Magnin and Yarar, 1997).

The sources for bird records are from Mid Winter Counts (MWC) and KusBank (the internet based Turkish Bird Database). KusBank records may not refl ect systematic counts. Visits by the birdwatchers may not cover all the area and so the data are not suitable for elaborating yearly changes in numbers and species. Therefore only MWC records are used to analyze yearly changes. Bird and species numbers based on MWC are given in Table 64.

For the period of counts in the region, this site was counted seven times, during which 56 waterbird species were observed. The average number of birds per count was 2,967 (R=622 – 7,631). The average number of species was – 24.3 (R= 10 – 36). The most numerous spescies dirung the period of counting were Fulica atra (A= 1,737; R= 12 – 5,950), Aythya ferina (A= 489; R=0 – 1,090), Anas platyrhynchos (A= 274; R= 0 – 1,476).

A yearly comparison appears to show an increase over previous years in 2008 and then in 2009 and 2010 the numbers decrease but not to the level of the years before 2008. There is no information about the precise extent of the areas censused. There is limited access to the biggest lake (Mert Lake) and many observers do not reach this area, as was the case in the 2009 and 2010 counts. The drastic changes in numbers may thus be due to the variations in the areas counted.

Table 64. Numbers of wintering waterbirds counted at İğneada

N Species

1992

1994

1997

2007

2008

2009

2010

1. Gavia stellata 12. Gavia arctica 17 46 5 33. Tachybaptus rufi collis 2 8 19 6 36 104. Podiceps nigricollis 7 1 202 27 55 42 625. Podiceps grisegena 56. Podiceps cristatus 6 4 30 7 7 14 217. Puffi nus yelkouan 148. Pelecanus onocrotalus 19. Phalacrocorax carbo 35 10 41 38 142 6110. Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1111. Phalacrocorax pygmeus 14 6 4 512. Botaurus stellaris 1 1 2

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13. Egretta alba 2 5 2 9 2 7 714. Egretta garzetta 215. Ardea cinerea 2 6 1 2 4 6 616. Anser anser 4 1717. Anser albifrons 8 118. Cygnus olor 136 88 10 35 37 1119. Cygnus cygnus 24 1 23 120. Cygnus columbianus 321. Tadorna tadorna 322. Anas platyrhynchos 21 25 37 356 147623. Anas crecca 4 7524. Anas strepera 725. Anas penelope 1 2 7 5 126. Anas acuta 2 4 427. Anas clypeata 728. Netta rufi na 1 8 329. Aythya ferina 1 609 61 1010 1090 65530. Aythya nyroca 1 531. Aythya fuligula 50 15 1 211 40 7432. Aythya marila 333. Clangula hyemalis 134. Bucephala clangula 1 6 9 1235. Melanitta nigra 236. Mergellus albellus 5 36 1337. Mergus serrator 12 7 738. Rallus aquaticus 239. Gallinula chloropus 1 1 140. Fulica atra 450 12 1081 1037 5950 2732 89541. Pluvialis squatarola 2 1 642. Charadrius hiaticula 143. Haematopus ostralegus 144. Tringa ochropus 7 145. Tringa nebularia 146. Calidris alpina 6 5 447. Calidris alba 5 248. Gallinago gallinago 2 449. Numenius arquata 1 150. Larus melanocephalus 5 1 3 3 2251. Larus minutus 452. Larus ridibundus 7 6 200 145 5553. Larus genei 154. Larus cachinnans 85 82 50 35 28055. Larus canus 5 2 29 55

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56. Sterna sandvicensis 2Total number of birds 622 889 1652 1291 7631 4840 3841Total number of species 10 19 28 17 28 36 32

3.5. References

1. Barış, Y.S., Sağlam., Ö., Erciyas, K., Yavuz, Y. Özsemir A.C. 2010. An Important Natural Heritage: Kızılırmak delta – Birds. Doğa ve Yaban Hayatı Koruma Derneği, Samsun.

2. Barış, YS, Erciyas, K., Gürsoy, A., Özsemir, C., Nowakowski, JK. 2005. Cernek – a new bird ringing station in Turkey. Ring 27, 1: 113 – 120.

3. Boyla, K.A. and Arslan, M. 2008. Istanbul’un Kuşları 2000 – 2007 [Birds of Istanbul 2000 – 2007]. Istanbul Kuş Gözlem Topluluğu, Istanbul.

4. Demirbaş, G. 2007. Kızılırmak Deltası’nda Sazhorozu Populasyonunun Saptanması [Determination of the Porphyrio porphyrio population in Kızılırmak delta]. Master thesis. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.

5. Eken, G., Bozdoğan, M., İsfendiyaroğlu, S., Kılıç, D.T., Lise, Y. 2006. Türkiye’nin Önemli Doğa Alanları [Turkey’a Key Biodiversity Areas], Doğa Derneği, Ankara.

6. Erciyas, K., Gürsoy, A., Özsemir, C., Barış, YS. 2010. Body mass and fat score changes in recaptured birds during the autumn migration in Cernek Ringing Station, Turkey. Ring, 32: 1–2.

7. Erciyas K. 2010. Sampling wild birds in Turkey, January – February 2010. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Ornithological Research Center (unpublished report).

8. Erciyas, K. 2009. Sampling wild birds in Turkey. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Ornithological Research Center (unpublished report).

9. Erciyas, K. Özçam, P., Yavuz, N., Demirtaş, S., Sağlam, Ö. 2008. First record of Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa fl avipes for Turkey. Sandgrouse 30 (1): 108 – 110.

10. Erciyas, K., Özçam, P. 2002. Türkiye için yeni tür kaydı: Kuzey çıvgını (Phylloscopus borealis). İbibik, 3: 32.

11. Güher, H. 2002. Cladocera and Copepoda (Crustacea) Fauna of Lake Terkos (Durusu). Turk. J. Zool. 26: 283 – 288

12. Heath, M.F. & Evans, M.I. 2000. Important Bird Areas in Europe: Priority sites for conservation. Vol. 2. Cambridge, UK. BirdLife International.

13. Karahan, F. 2010. Sinop Kuşları [Birds of Sinop]. Sinop İl Çavre ve Orman Müdürlüğü, Sinop.

14. Keşaplı Can, Ö. & Keşaplı Didrickson Ö. 2009. Türkiye Ulusal Halkalama Programı Raporu 2002 – 2008 [National Ringing Scheme Report 2002 – 2008]. Kuş Araştırmaları Derneği, Ankara

15. Keşaplı Didrickson, Ö., Keşaplı Can, Ö., Bilgin, C.C. 2007. Identifying the role of wild birds as a vector and transmitter of avian infl uenza in Turkey (pilot study). Bird Research Society, Ankara.

16. Magnin, G. & Yarar, M. 1997. Important Bird Areas in Turkey. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği, Istanbul, Turkey.

17. Newman, S. H., Honhold, N., Erciyas, K., Sanz–Alvarez, J. 2008. Investigation of the role of wild birds in highly pathogenic avian infl uenza outbreaks in Turkey between January and February 2008: Unpublished Mission Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Crisis Management Centre – Animal Health and Animal Health Division– EMPRES, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, Italy

18. Tavares, J. 2010. Vogelzug über dem Bosphorus. Der Falke 57: 336 – 339.

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19. Welch, G. and Welch, H. 1997. Results of a survey of wintering waterbirds along the Turkish Black Sea Coast – 16 January to 7 February 1997. Turna 1 (1): 16 – 23.

- Kuşbank www.kusbank.org - OMÜKUŞ: Ondokuz Mayıs University, Birdwatching Club.

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4. Conclusions on current status of IWC and generalized results of winter waterbird counts at Black Sea Coast of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey

Kostiushyn V.

4.1. Current status of IWC methodological framework and infrastructureBased on national reports from Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey this part of the book provides a brief

overview of the current status of IWC in all three countries and the requirements for its further develop-ment. Counts of wintering waterbirds have a long history in all countries: in Ukraine – from the 1920s (but more or less regular only from 1991), in Turkey from 1967 and in Georgia from 1989.

Despite the long period of wintering waterbird counts in these countries, a methodological basis for this is still insuffi ciently developed. Turkey uses for this purpose the methodology of the Midwinter Wa-terfowl Count, which is the only basis for IWC in the country. Ukraine uses IWC methodology, but still only partly. For example, until now in the country there has been no fi nal delimitation of count wetlands for large wetlands or their constituent parts. A similar situation prevails in Georgia.

Counts in all three countries do not take place on a regular basis and don’t cover the same set of key sites each year.

The quality of reporting on counts, at least for Ukraine, still suffers from certain inadequacies. The data submitted is often combined from several wetlands or the constituent parts of big wetlands instead of information for each site being submitted separately. Only a few years ago was the practice of using of count coverage maps begun, which is a very important improvement. In former times, information on site coverage was, more often than not, omitted from reports.

In some cases counts have been conducted outside the time frame recommended by IWC methodology. For example, in earlier times, in Georgia a comparatively large proportion of counts was conducted in February instead of January.

The absence of clear borders to count sites, a lack of information on site coverage during each count and the submission of combined data for several sites or data for overlapping areas makes it much more diffi cult, or in some cases even impossible, to perform a proper analysis of the information collected. This is especially problematic for evaluation of importance and current status of separate wetlands, many of which are Ramsar sites or protected areas under national legislation.

In each country counts are coordinated by local conservation NGOs or scientifi c organizations: Doğa Derneği in Turkey, the Georgian Centre for Conservation of Wildlife in Georgia and the Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Station in Ukraine. In Ukraine the coordination mechanism has two levels – the national coordinator and regional coordinators, each responsible for a certain region.

The network of counters – professional ornithologists and volunteers - is the most crucial factor for high-quality bird counts. In all three countries such networks exist, but they need considerably more development and support.

Beside accumulation of count data in the IWC data base of Wetlands International, Turkey and Ukraine have their own data bases, though a separate database for Georgia is absent.

All three countries suffer from a serious lack of equipment and there is a need for much more fi nancial support for conducting fi eld work. This is especially important for countries with a long coast line and large wetlands. Winter counts in regions without good roads and deep snow require suitable all-terrain vehicles and a suffi cient volume of petrol.

Thus, for further improvement of IWC in Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey resolution of the following points is a necessity:

– fi nalizing delimitation of all count sites and agreeing borders with local ornithologists/ birdwatch-ers, which is important for precision and quality of fi eld work;

– producing maps of count sites in GIS format or/and in Google Earth formats (kmz or kml), and making them accessible through the Internet. For participants of counts who have no or limited access to the Internet it is necessary to publish these maps;

– standardizing as much as posible the methodology of counts at each count site (using from year to

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year the same count routes and observation points); – producing simple count coverage maps for each count of each site; – inclusion in count reports of “zero data”, when a site was counted but birds for some reasons were

absent; – conducting of winter counts of waterbirds only within the period recommended by IWC methodology;– avoidance of collecting and accumulating combined data from several sites or overlapping areas;– development of national data bases for accumulation of count results and aiming at comparability in

this with IWC data base located in Wetlands International; – to stimulate participation of professional ornithologists and birdwatchers in counts, annually print

results of winter counts in a brochure format (like ROM-bulletin in Ukraine) and also make them available via the Internet;

– regularly (preferably annually) conduct national meetings for network of counters;– regulary conduct training sessions in waterbird counts for beginners;– support counters as much as possible with necessary equipment and funding for their completed

work.

4.2. Overall results of wintering waterbirds counts in Ukraine, Georgia and TurkeyIn total during the given period in the coastal wetlands of all three countries 8,715,072 wintering

waterbirds were counted: in Ukraine - 6,168,878, in Georgia – 876,122 and in Turkey – 1,670,072 (incl. 90,722 unidentifi ed waterbirds). Detailed information is in Table 65.

Table 65. The total numbers of wintering water birds counted at coastal wetlands of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey

Order Family Species name Total %Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia stellata 103 <0,01Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia arctica 5175 0,06Gaviiformes Gaviidae Gavia spp. 321 <0,01 Sub–total 5599 0,06Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus rufi collis 6756 0,08Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps nigricollis 7740 0,09Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps auritus 46 <0,01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps grisegena 353 <0,01Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podiceps cristatus 187483 2,15Podicipediformes Podicipedidae P.nigricollis/cristatus 20060 0,23Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Podicipedidae spp. 452 0,01 Sub–total 222890 2,56Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus yelkouan 11071 0,13Procellariiformes Procellariidae Puffi nus puffi nus 12 <0,01 Sub-total 11083 0,13Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus onocrotalus 10 <0,01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus crispus 243 <0,01Pelecaniformes Pelеcanidae Pelecanus spp. 9 <0,01Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo 69737 0,80Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax aristotelis 3707 0,04Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax pygmaeus 13170 0,15Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax spp. 2 <0,01 Sub–total 86878 1,00

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Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Botaurus stellaris 215 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax 24 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis 4 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta alba 3333 0,04Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta 1288 0,02Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta/Bubulcus spp. 6 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea 2473 0,03Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea purpurea 2 <0,01Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Platalea leucorodia 4 <0,01Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus 65 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia ciconia 4 <0,01Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia nigra 19 <0,01 Sub–total 7437 0,09Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus roseus 6 <0,01 Sub–total 6 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Branta leucopsis 14 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Branta rufi collis 119404 1,37Anseriformes Anatidae Anser anser 57520 0,66Anseriformes Anatidae Anser albifrons 1423516 16,33Anseriformes Anatidae Anser erythropus 1451 0,02Anseriformes Anatidae Anser fabalis 369 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Anser caerulescens 9 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Anser spp. 4376 0,05Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus olor 246750 2,83Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus cygnus 23279 0,27Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus columbianus 252 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Cygnus spp. 35015 0,40Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna ferruginea 2220 0,03Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna tadorna 143946 1,65Anseriformes Anatidae Anas platyrhynchos 1853459 21,27

Anseriformes AnatidaeProb.>99% Anas platyrhynchos 5500 0,06

Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca 163401 1,88Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera 5824 0,07Anseriformes Anatidae Anas penelope 68960 0,79Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta 21826 0,25Anseriformes Anatidae Anas querquedula 2679 0,03Anseriformes Anatidae Anas clypeata 31409 0,36Anseriformes Anatidae Anas spp. 46405 0,53Anseriformes Anatidae Anatinae spp. 413506 4,75Anseriformes Anatidae Anas, Aythya – mixed 3520 0,04Anseriformes Anatidae Netta rufi na 26208 0,30Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya ferina 561914 6,45

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Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya nyroca 3450 0,04Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya fuligula 413447 4,74Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya marila 187805 2,16Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya spp. 173413 1,99Anseriformes Anatidae Clangula hyemalis 580 0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Bucephala clangula 59018 0,68Anseriformes Anatidae Somateria mollissima 2796 0,03Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta nigra 405 <0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Melanitta fusca 865 0,01Anseriformes Anatidae Oxyura leucocephala 1480 0,02Anseriformes Anatidae Mergellus albellus 43425 0,50Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus serrator 7964 0,09Anseriformes Anatidae Mergus merganser 7635 0,09 Sub–total 6165015 70,74Gruiformes Gruidae Grus grus 68 <0,01Gruiformes Rallidae Rallus aquaticus 603 0,01Gruiformes Rallidae Porzana porzana 4 <0,01Gruiformes Rallidae Porzana parva 22 <0,01Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula chloropus 1995 0,02Gruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio porphyrio 2784 0,03Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica atra 1235495 14,18 Sub–total 1240971 14,24

Anatinae / Fulica atra 11281 0,13Sub–total 11281 0,13

Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis squatarola 666 0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Pluvialis apricaria 5316 0,06Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius hiaticula 44 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius dubius 9 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius alexandrinus 28 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus vanellus 22599 0,26Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus leucurus 1 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Arenaria interpres 3 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Himantopus himantopus 3 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadriidae Recurvirostra avosetta 26 <0,01Charadriiformes Haematopidae Haematopus ostralegus 49 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa ochropus 90 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa nebularia 61 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa totanus 909 0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa erythropus 67 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa stagnatilis 2 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa spp. 105 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos 10 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Philomachus pugnax 34 <0,01

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Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minuta 1889 0,02Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris temminckii 72 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alpina 6952 0,08Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris minuta/alpina 50 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris canutus 227 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris alba 342 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Calidris spp. 616 0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Lymnocryptes minimus 4 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago 450 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Scolopax rusticola 20 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius arquata 1807 0,02Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius phaeopus 6 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius spp. 51 <0,01Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa limosa 1702 0,02Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Limosa lapponica 7 <0,01Charadriiformes Charadrii spp. 24 <0,01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius pomarinus 42 <0,01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercorarius parasiticus 30 <0,01Charadriiformes Stercorariidae Stercoranius spp. 26 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ichthyaetus 4269 0,05Charadriiformes Laridae Larus melanocephalus 557 0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus minutus 10350 0,12Charadriiformes Laridae Larus ridibundus 236941 2,72

Charadriiformes LaridaeProb.>99% Larus ridibundus 73900 0,85

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus genei 1018 0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus fuscus 169 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus argentatus 87 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Larus cachinnans 204874 2,35Charadriiformes Laridae Larus michahellis 69566 0,80

Charadriiformes LaridaeLarus michahellis/cachinnans 6670 0,08

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus armenicus 266 <0,01

Charadriiformes LaridaeLarus michah/cachin/armen. 17775 0,20

Charadriiformes Laridae Larus canus 167980 1,93Charadriiformes Laridae Larus spp. 33896 0,39Charadriiformes Laridae Rissa tridactyla 5 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna caspia 1 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna sandvicensis 307 <0,01Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna spp. 10 <0,01 Sub–total 873190 10,02

Unidentifi ed waterbirds 90722 1,04 TOTAL 8254269 100,00

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According to collected data the most common species were Anas platyrhynchos (1,853,459), Anser albifrons (1,423,516), Fulica atra (1,235,495), Aythya ferina (561,914), Aythya fuligula (413,447), Cygnus olor (246,750), Larus ridibundus (236,941), Larus cachinnans (204,874), Aythya marila (187,805), Podiceps cristatus (187,483), Larus canus (167,980), Anas crecca (163,401), Tadorna tadorna (143,946) and Branta rufi collis (119,404). The fi rst three species altogether come to 51,8 % of the total amount of counted waterbirds (Pic.12). The distribution of each of these species among count sites is presented in color pictures 14 – 28.

It is necessary to note that Aythya marila usually is not a numerous species and is included in the list above only because 80,000 birds were counted at Eastern Sivash in 1991. Since this data was submitted in a combined count report for whole of Eastern Sivash, it was used only for the general report for Ukraine but not for reporting on key sites – Northern part of Eastern Sivash and Southern part of Eastern Sivash. Due to this it was also not put on Pic.24 devoted to distribution of this species among count sites.

The percentages of the different taxonomic groups of wintering waterbirds were different in Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey. About 84,3% of waterbirds counted in Ukraine are Anseriformes, in second place are Gruiformes – 9,3% and at third – Charadriiformes – 5,9%. In Georgia Anseriformes also dominated, but their percentage was only 40,1%. In second and third places were Charadriiformes (34,5%) and Podicipediformes (19,8%). In Turkey the most common groups were Gruiformes (38,4%), Anseriformes (36,9%) and Charadriiformes (12,4%).

The ratios of taxonomic groups in the total number of counted waterbirds in all three countries are presented in Pic.13. According to this, Gaviiformes, Procellariiformes, Pelicaniformes, Phoenicopteriformes and Gruiformes winter chiefl y along the Turkish coast, Podicipediformes – on the Georgian coast, Anseriformes – on the Ukrainian coast, Charadriiformes – are more numerous in Ukraine and Georgia.

The number of birds per key coastal wetlands of Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey is presented in table 66. Sivash is the most important among them and can host more than 0,6 million birds at one time. Even split up into 5 areas suitable for counts, some of its parts still support the largest amount of waterbirds in the region, for example – Southern part of Eastern Sivash (292,922). Among other important wetlands it is

Pic.12 The most common wintering waterbirds in coastal wetlands of 3 countries

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worth mentioning the Kizilirmak Delta (182,456), Shagany, Alibei & Burnas Limans (84,677), the Black Sea coast: Batumi - Kobuleti (81,971), Katlabukh, Safi any and Kitai Lakes (76,536), the Dniester Liman (63,020), the Molochnyi Liman (60,414), Tendrovskii Bay (57,749), the Tiligulskii Liman (55,536), the Danube Delta (40,656).

Table 66. Number of waterbirds per site N Country Site name Number of birds

Average Maximum1 Ukraine Kagul, Kugurlui &Yalpug Lakes 5276 147802 Ukraine Katlabukh, Safi any & Kitai Lakes 27002 765363 Ukraine Danube Delta 22182 406564 Ukraine Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni 20430 466485 Ukraine Sasyk Liman 18521 391716 Ukraine Shagany, Alibei & Burnas Limans 36501 846777 Ukraine Budakskii & Gribovskii Limans 9550 265408 Ukraine Dniester Liman 13657 630209 Ukraine Dniester Delta & Kuchurganskii Liman 6929 1334610 Ukraine Sukhoi Liman 5201 1022211 Ukraine Khadzibeiskii Liman 2425 881412 Ukraine Odessa Bay 5906 2685713 Ukraine Kuyalnitskii Liman 1857 500014 Ukraine Adzhalykskii Limans 9617 2647015 Ukraine Tiligulskii Liman 6873 5553616 Ukraine Berezanskii Liman 2878 540017 Ukraine Dniepro–Bugskii Liman 4107 1722018 Ukraine Yagorlytskii Bay 9762 2055219 Ukraine Tendrovskii Bay 26719 57749

Pic.13 Ratios of taxonomic groups of waterbirds wintering in Ukraine, Georgia and Turkey

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20 Ukraine Dzharylgachskii Bay 10134 2876721 Ukraine Sevastopol Bays 18472 3208522 Ukraine Southern part of Eastern Sivash 86417 29292223 Ukraine Northern part of Eastern Sivash 68929 24670724 Ukraine Southern part of Central Sivash 27451 5522825 Ukraine Northern part of Central Sivash 34138 10771726 Ukraine Western Sivash 43639 20155227 Ukraine Utlukskii & Sivashik Limans 23743 4956128 Ukraine Molochnyi Liman 16544 6041429 Georgia Churia Marshes 323 32430 Georgia Black Sea coast within Kolkheti National Park 26692 3621731 Georgia Partotskali Lake 4586 907832 Georgia Rioni River Delta 17298 2985033 Georgia Paliastomi Lake 27181 4546534 Georgia Peat Cuttings (South of Paliastomi) 1047 181435 Georgia Khidmaghala Fishponds 392 51036 Georgia Ispani Marshes 700 70037 Georgia Chorokhi River Delta 9836 1282238 Georgia Black Sea coast outside Kolkheti National Park 27754 5324539 Georgia Black Sea coast: Sarpi – Chorokhi 8183 818340 Georgia Black Sea coast: Makhinjauri – Kobuleti 5054 505441 Georgia Black Sea coast: Kobuleti – River Choloki 2401 240142 Georgia Black Sea coast: Batumi – Kobuleti 81971 8197143 Georgia Black Sea coast: Kobuleti – Ureki 16851 1685144 Georgia Black Sea coast: Ureki – Poti 17116 1711645 Turkey Artvin Coast 2996 420346 Turkey Rize Coast 2996 420347 Turkey Trabzon Coast 8457 967248 Turkey Giresun Coast 13931 2333649 Turkey Ordu Coast 17061 1706150 Turkey Samsun Coast 2130 413851 Turkey Yeşilırmak Delta 6091 1622052 Turkey Kizilirmak Delta 89830 18245653 Turkey Sinop Coast 7163 2784054 Turkey Sarikum Lake 3694 891555 Turkey Amasra Coast 4719 760556 Turkey Zonguldak Coast 1895 189557 Turkey Sakarya Delta 3216 1400458 Turkey Istanbul Coast 6902 1594459 Turkey Bosphorus 14707 2264460 Turkey Terkos Lake 5942 1098561 Turkey Igneada 2967 7631

12

1

Wintering W

aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...Annex 1. List of waterbird count participants and their contact details

Name Title E–Mail Survey AreaIvan Rusev Mechnikov Research Antiplague Institute, Bird

[email protected]

Western Pridunavie, Eastern Pridunavie, Danube Wetlands, Tuzlovskie Limans, Dniester Wetlands, Odessa Limans, Tiligulskii and Berezanskii limans

Mickhail Zhmud Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Bird Researcher

[email protected]; [email protected]

Maxim Yakovlev Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Anatolii Korzyukov Mechnikov University of Odessa, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Vladimir Stoilovskii Mechnikov University of Odessa, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Dmitrii Kivganov Mechnikov University of Odessa, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Viktor Piluga Odessa Zoo, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Oleg Formanyuk Birdwatcher bird–[email protected]

Pavel Panchenko Birdwatcher [email protected]

Zinovii Petrovich Regional Landscape Park “Kinburnskaya Kosa”, Director

[email protected]

Dnieper–Bugskie Wetlands, Tendrovsko–Yagorlytskie Wetlands, Dzharylgachskii Bay, Karkinitskiy Bay, Western Sivash

Konstantin Redinov Regional Landscape Park “Kinburnskaya Kosa”, Bird Researcher

[email protected]

Yurii Moskalenko Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Bird Researcher [email protected], [email protected]

Antonina Rudenko Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Bird Researcher antonia–[email protected]

Grigorii Zatsarnyi Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Bird ResearcherTatiana Ardamatskaya Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, Bird ResearcherVictor Gavrilenko Biosphere Reserve “Askania–Nova”, Director askania–[email protected]

Alexandr Mezinov Biosphere Reserve “Askania–Nova”, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Mikhail Listopadskii Biosphere Reserve “Askania–Nova”, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Denis Oleinik Birdwatcher den–[email protected]

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aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...Mikhail Beskaravainyi Karadag Nature Reserve, Bird Researcher [email protected]\2C

[email protected] Tarkhankut Wetlands, Western coast of Crimea, Southern coast of Crimea, Crimean Mountain Wetlands, Crimean Plain Wetlands, Kerch peninsula

Sergei Kostin Nikitskii Botanical Garden, Scientifi c Researcher [email protected]

Boris Appak Crimean Nature Reserve, Bird Researcher

Vladmir Kucherenko Crimea State Plague Control Station, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Vladmir Chirniy Crimea State Plague Control Station, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Sergei Prokopenko Birdwatcher

Yuriy Andryushchenko National coordinator, Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station Station, Bird Researcher

[email protected]

Central Sivash, Eastern Sivash, Utlyukskie Wetlands, Molochanskiye Wetlands

Josef Chernichko Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Bird Researcher

[email protected]

Raisa Chernichko Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Bird Researcher

chernichko–[email protected]

Vladimir Popenko Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Bird Researcher

[email protected]

Elena Diadicheva Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Bird Researcher

[email protected]

Petr Gorlov Research Institute of Biodiversity of Land and Water Ecosystems of Ukraine, Bird Researcher

petro–[email protected]

Vladimir Kinda BirdwatcherAlexandr Koshelev Melitopol State Pedagogical University [email protected]

Sergei Suchkov Azov–Black Sea Ornithological Station, Birdwatcher [email protected] Kostiushyn Wetlands International Black Sea programme

coordinator, Institute of Zoology [email protected]

Gennadii Molodan National Nature Park “Meotida”, Director [email protected] Priazovie

Alexandr Bronskov National Nature Park “Meotida” [email protected]

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aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...Ramaz Gokhelashvili Georgian Centre for Conservation of Wildlife,

Director, Coordinator of [email protected]

Alexander Abuladze Institute of Zoology, Tbilisi, Bird Researcher [email protected]

Giorgi Darchiashvili Tbilisi Zoo, Deputy director [email protected], [email protected]

Lexo Gavashelishvili Ilia State University, Associate Professor, Researcher [email protected] Javakhishvili Ilia State University, Associate Professor, Researcher [email protected] Jhordania Tbilisi State University, Professor

Levan Rusishvili Georgian Centre for Conservation of Wildlife [email protected], [email protected]

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aterbird Census in the Azov-Black Sea...

Ukraine: 1.Kagul, Kugurlui & Yalpug Lakes; 2.Katlabukh, Safi any & Kitai Lakes; 3.Danube Delta; 4.Stentsovsko–Zhebrianovskie Plavni; 5.Sasyk Liman; 6.Shagany, Alibei & Burnas Limans; 7.Budakskii & Gribovskii Limans; 8.Dniester Liman; 9.Dniester Delta & Kuchurganskii Liman; 10.Sukhoi Liman; 11.Khadzibeiskii Liman; 12.Odessa Bay; 13.Kuyalnitskii Liman; 14.Adzhalykskii Limans; 15.Tiligulskii Liman; 16.Berezanskii Liman; 17.Dniepro–Bugskii Liman; 18.Yagorlytskii Bay; 19.Tendrovskii Bay; 20.Dzharylgachskii Bay; 21.Sevastopol Bays; 22.Southern part of Eastern Sivash; 23.Northern part of Eastern Sivash; 24.Southern part of Central Sivash; 25.Northern part of Central Sivash; 26.Western Sivash; 27.Utlukskii & Sivashik Limans; 28.Molochnyi Liman. Georgia: 29.Churia Marshes; 30.Black Sea coast outside KNP; 31.Black Sea coast within KNP; 32.Partotskali Lake; 33.Rioni River Delta; 34.Paliastomi Lake; 35.Peat Cuttings; 36.Khidmaghala Fishponds; 37.Black Sea coast: Ureki – Poti; 38.Black Sea coast: Kobuleti - Ureki; 39.Ispani Marshes; 40.Black Sea coast: Batumi – Kobuleti; 41.Chorokhi River Delta. Turkey: 42.Artvin Coast; 43.Rize Coast; 44.Trabzon Coast; 45.Giresun Coast; 46.Ordu Coast; 47.Samsun Coast; 48.Yeşilırmak Delta; 49.Kizilirmak Delta; 50.Sinop Coast; 51.Sarikum Lake; 52.Amasra Coast; 53.Zonguldak Coast; 54.Sakarya Delta; 55.Istanbul Coast; 56.Bosphorus; 57.Terkos Lake; 58.Igneada.

Pic. 6 Location of count sites

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Pic. 14 Distribution of all species of wintering waterbirds (max. number per site)

Pic. 15 Distribution of Anas platyrhynchos among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 16 Distribution of Anser albifrons among count sites (max. number per site)

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Pic. 17 Distribution of Fulica atra among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 18 Distribution of Aythya ferina among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 19 Distribution of Aythya fuligula among count sites (max. number per site)

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Pic. 20 Distribution of Cygnus olor among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 21 Distribution of Larus ridibundus among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 22 Distribution of Larus cachinnans among count sites (max. number per site)

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Pic. 23 Distribution of Podiceps cristatus among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 24 Distribution of Aythya marila among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 25 Distribution of Anas crecca among count sites (max. number per site)

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Pic. 26 Distribution of Larus canus among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 27 Distribution of Tadorna tadorna among count sites (max. number per site)

Pic. 28 Distribution of Branta rufi collis among count sites (max. number per site)

Wintering Waterbird Census in the Azov- Black Sea Coastal ... · 5 Wintering Waterbird Census in...

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