Windmill Power Plant

Project:

Installation of Wind Power Plant

Submitted To:

Dr. Amir Sarwar

Subbmitted By:

Halima Sadia F10ba051Kanza Sana F10ba022Ezza Riaz F10ba050

Almas Shehzadi F10ba023 Hira Batool F10ba009 Aneka Noor F10ba042

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Windmill Power Plant

Windmill:“A windmill is a machine that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades.”

The reason for the name "windmill" is that the devices originally were developed for milling grain for food production; the name stuck when in the course of history, windmill machinery was adapted to supply power for many industrial and agricultural needs other than milling.

The majority of modern windmills take the form of wind turbines used to generate electricity, or wind pumps used to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater.

Selection of Windmill Business: The Government of Pakistan has clearly articulated its support for the development of renewable energies.

Due to the fact that the use of wind energy is actually the most economical one among the renewable energy production techniques, the focus is on supporting the development of wind farms.

After analyzing this opportunity its better entering the wind energy market by developing a 50 MW wind farm. The environmental aspects of the Jhimpir project site are updated and elaborated.

One main outcome of the study is the result that Wind Power Project has no adverse impact on the environment al and social life of Jhimpir, Sindh. Instead it will be utilizing the wind potential of that unutilized barren land for electricity generation through renewable resources, thus helping in improving the environment.

Reasons for starting it in Pakistan: Pakistan has an installed electricity generation capacity of 22,797MW. The average demand is 17,000MW

and the shortfall is between 4,000 and 5,000MW. Oil (35.2 per cent), hydel (29.9 per cent), gas (29 per cent), and nuclear and imported (5.8 per cent) are the principal sources.

In the next 10 years, peak electricity demand is expected to rise by four to five per cent, which is roughly 1,500MW. This dismal forecast is due to a lopsided energy mix, diminishing indigenous fuel reserves, increasing circular debt and transmission hold-ups.

Pakistan has almost exhausted its gas reserves. Imported oil’s price hikes affect the budget and its constant supply cannot be guaranteed.  Pakistan has the potential to meet these energy challenges through hydel power but there are political and

environmental issues in building dams. Rationality demands reducing reliance on oil and going for alternatives. The development of alternatives

does not happen overnight. Keeping in view all these scenarios it’s the best time to start a project like a wind mill in Pakistan.

Substitute:There are a lot of substitutes but as discussed earlier their implementation in Pakistan is very difficult. Natural gas is not enough, if coal is used it has a lot of formalities to start up plus cost of installation of coal fire boiler not only this technique pollutes the environment by emissions of nitrogenous compounds.

Reasons for this project to be successful: The investigations have shown that in general the realisation of the 50 MW Wind Farm is possible in

Jhimpir, Sindh from Environmental point of view and no adverse impact on the existing flora & fauna at site is expected. The Wind Farm will not emit any solid, liquid and gaseous waste during the entire life of the project so the power will be generated without polluting the environment of the surroundings.

The land is barren and un-inhabitant so there is no issue of damage to the vegetation and resettlement of population.

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Windmill Power Plant

The land is clear from any resettlement issues. There exist high potential of wind energy in the Jhimpir Site and the proposed wind farm will help in tapping around 155 GWh per year from it without impairing the environmental conditions of the area.

The more the wind power generation, the less the GHG gases emissions resulting in cleaner environment.

Human resource: Due to largely mechanized construction, few labors will be deployed during construction. Facilities will be

provided with proper water supply / sanitation to avoid any public health hazard. The industrial safety rules will be practised during construction of the project like proper handling of

electrical devices, tools, equipment, construction materials and use of safety gear to prevent accidents to personnel.

Sizes of Wind Turbines:

Utility-scale turbines range in size from 100 kilowatts to as large as several megawatts. Larger wind turbines are more cost effective and are grouped together into wind farms, which provide bulk power to the electrical grid.

Wind Energy Benefits:

Wind energy is cost competitive with other fuel sources.

Wind energy creates jobs. Wind energy can provide income for rural farmers and ranchers, as well as economic benefits to depressed

rural areas. Wind energy is an inexhaustible renewable energy source. Wind turbines do not consume water. Wind energy can be used in a variety of applications. Wind energy is one of the most popular energy technologies.

Types of windmills:

Horizontal windmills:

The first practical windmills had sails that rotated in a horizontal plane, around a vertical axis. These were invented in eastern Persia.

Horizontal windmills were built, in small numbers, in Europe during the 18th and nineteenth centuries

Post mill: The earliest type of European windmill was the post mill, so named because of the large upright post on

which the mill's main structure (the "body" or "buck") is balanced. By mounting the body this way, the mill is able to rotate to face the wind direction; an essential requirement for windmills to operate economically in north-western Europe, where wind directions are variable.

The body contains all the milling machinery. The first post mills were of the sunken type, where the post was buried in an earth mound to support it. Later, a wooden support was developed called the trestle.

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Windmill Power Plant

Hollow-post mill: In a hollow-post mill, the post on which the body is mounted is hollowed out, to accommodate the drive

shaft. This makes it possible to drive machinery below or outside the body while still being able to rotate the body into the wind.

Hollow-post mills driving scoop wheels were used in the Netherlands to drain wetlands from the fourteenth century onwards.

Tower mill

The tower mill, on which only the cap is rotated rather than the whole body of the mill, had been introduced. The spread of tower mills came with a growing economy that called for larger and more stable sources of power, though they were more expensive to build. In contrast to the post mill, only the cap of the tower mill needs to be turned into the wind, so the main structure can be made much taller, allowing the sails to be made longer, which enables them to provide useful work even in low winds. The cap can be turned into the wind either by winches or gearing inside the cap or from a winch on the tail pole outside the mill. A method of keeping the cap and sails into the wind automatically is by using a fantail, a small windmill mounted at right angles to the sails, at the rear of the windmill. These are also fitted to tail poles of post mills and are common in Great Britain and English-speaking countries of the former British Empire, Denmark, and Germany but rare in other places. Around some parts of the Mediterranean Sea, tower mills with fixed caps were built because the wind's direction varied little most of the time.

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