Wind Shear Detection Systems in Japan

Wind Shear Detection Systems in Wind Shear Detection Systems in JapanJapan

AGENDA1. Introduction

2. TDWR and Lidar for Airport Weather in Japan

AGENDA

3. Accuracy and tendency of the wind shear detection

4. Benefit of the integrated operation of TDWR and Lidar

1st1st December 2010 December 2010

Office of Aviation WeatherOffice of Aviation Weather ObservationsObservationsJapan Meteorological AgencyJapan Meteorological Agency

TDWR/Lidar for safety flight of aircrafts TDWR/Lidar for safety flight of aircrafts

TDWR

To observe the precipitation distribution and the air current around the airport.

Doppler Lidar

International Workshop on Very-short-range Forecasting of Severe Weather

p p pTo detect the low level wind shear automatically from the obtained data. To provide ATC unit the result immediately.

TDWR/Lidar Observations Network in Japan：TDWR(DRAW：Doppler Radar for Airport Weather)( pp p )

：Lidar( Light Detection and Ranging)

： Lidar(planning)

New Chitose

： Lidar(planning)

TDWR→

Narita

↑ Lidar

Tokyo

Kansai

Osaka

FukuokaNaha

Chubu

Kagoshima

Specifications of TDWR/Lidar Specifications of TDWR/Lidar

Specifications of TDWR

Frequency 5250～5350MHz ( C-band )Peak Power 200kWPeak Power 200kWPulse Width 1.0μsPulse Repetition Frequency 840, 1120HzAntenna Diameter 7m (beam width less than 0.7deg)Sensitivity of Receiver -112dBmProvide products echo products: 22types

doppler velocity products: 39typeswind shear products: 3types

Kansai(1995)

Specifications of Lidar

Wavelength 2 0μm 1 6μmWavelength 2.0μm , 1.6μm Peak Power 4.5kW, 7.3kWPulse Width 0.425μs, 0.300μsPulse Repetition Frequency 500Hz, 750HzTelescope Aperture Diameter 10cm, 12cmP id d b j d 5


Provide products bacjscatter products: 5typesdoppler velocity products: 11typeswind shear products: 3types

Tokyo(2007)

Requirements of the TDWR observationRequirements of the TDWR observation

Functional requirements of the TDWR observationTo detect the microburst with the diameter of 500m within 10km from a TDWR.To detect the microburst within 20 km in from a TDWR every around about 1 minute, y ,and display the result within 30 seconds after detection.To detect the shear line within 60 km from a every 6 minutes.To observe the three-dimensional distribution of echo intensity within 100km from TDWR.T k h i i 24 h dTo keep the continuous operation, 24-hours a day.

Feature and performance of TDWRpTDWR has the large-sized parabola antenna 7.1 m in diameter (0.64 degree of beam widths).TDWR has the performance to detect the wind shear within 15 seconds after the observation of the elevation for the wind shear detection.TDWR has the two observation modes by climate condition for the effective operation.Main instruments of TDWR have been duplicated.

Observation modes of TDWRObservation modes of TDWR

Aerial mode（normal weather condition）

Observe the rainfall within 120km from a radar.Detect the microburst within 20km from a radar every 6 minutes.yDetect the shear line within 60km from a radar every 6 minutes.

Airport mode(adverse weather condition)Airport mode(adverse weather condition)Observe the rainfall within 120km from a radar.Detect the microburst within 20km from a radar every 1.2 minutes.Detect the shear line within 60km from a radar every 6 minutesDetect the shear line within 60km from a radar every 6 minutes.

The standard of the mode change (aerial →airport) Either of the two following conditions are satisfied TDWR changes theEither of the two following conditions are satisfied, TDWR changes the observation mode.① When the rainfall domain (VIL > 2mm) is more than 100km2.② When a microburst or a shear line is detected② When a microburst or a shear line is detected.

Observation modes of TDWR (Kansai Intl. Airport)

Aerial modeObserves precipitation ,wind and LLWS around the airport and generates three dimensional data every 6 minutes

Airport modeObserves precipitation and wind around the airport and generates three dimensional data every 6 minutes. And b Mi b 1 2 iand generates three dimensional data every 6 minutes. observes Microburst every 1.2 minutes.

SL

MB

SL

MB MBMBMBMB

SL

Doppler LIDAR for Airport WeatherDoppler LIDAR for Airport WeatherA characteristic Low Level Wind Shear(LLWS)A characteristic Low Level Wind Shear(LLWS) in Each Airportin Each Airport

Tokyo(HND) AirportTokyo(HND) AirportTokyo(HND) AirportTokyo(HND) Airport Narita(NRT) AirportNarita(NRT) AirportNarita(NRT) AirportNarita(NRT) Airport

Southwestwind

Doppler LIDARDoppler LIDARNortheast

wind

LLWS thatLLWS that LLWS that terrain induced

LLWS that hangar induced

Observation sequence of LIDARObservation sequence of LIDAR

Tokyo-1(1min57sec)

Narita(2min28sec)

Tokyo-2※

(2min31sec)Kansai※

(2min31sec)RHI RHI1 PPI（ELV.0.3°） PPI（ELV.1.0°）RHI

(along RWY-23)RHI

(along RWY-06L・R)

2 PPI（ELV.0.0°）RHI

(along RWY-16R)RHI

(along RWY-34L・R)RHI

(cross RWY-06L・R)(along RWY-16R) (along RWY-34L R) (cross RWY-06L R)

3Glide Path(RWY-34L)

PPI（ELV.45.0°）PPI

（ELV.45.0°）PPI（ELV.45.0°）

4 PPI（ELV2 0°） PPI（ELV3 0°） PPI（ELV3 0°） PPI（ELV3 0°）4 PPI（ELV.2.0°） PPI（ELV.3.0°） PPI（ELV.3.0°） PPI（ELV.3.0°）

5 PPI（ELV.0.7°） PPI（ELV.2.0°） PPI（ELV.0.7°） PPI（ELV.0.7°）

※※ under installationPPI: Plane Position IndicatorRHI: Range Height Indicator

LIDAR productsLIDAR products

Doppler velocity(PPI) Spectrum width(PPI) Doppler velocity(RHI)

AB

Signal/Noise ratio(PPI)Back-scatter(PPI) Signal/Noise ratio(PPI) Back scatter(PPI)

C D

AC

B D

Detection standard of the wind shearDetection standard of the wind shear

Microburst(three conditions are satisfied simultaneously) The maximum velocity differential is more than 8m/s (about 15kt)The maximum velocity differential is more than 8m/s (about 15kt)An area of the microburst more than 3km2

The maximum rates of change of the Doppler velocity in the microburst is more than 5.6m/s/km

Shear lineThe wind velocity difference of both sides of the shear line is more than 5m/s (about 9kt)The length of the shear line is more than 10km

h i f di l h i h 2 0 / /kThe maximum of radial shear is more than 2.0m/s/km

Microburst and shear line detected by DRAW

At Tokyo Intl. Airports in a severe thunderstorm

Microburst and shear line plottedDoppler velocity

Microburst and shear line plotted on echo intensity map

Microburst

Shear line

0 20km

Thunderstorm


-30 20 15 10 5 1 0 1 5 10 15 20 +30m/s

Shear line detected by LIDARDoppler Velocity & Spectral Width（0.7deg）・・・LLWSDoppler Velocity & Spectral Width（0.7deg） LLWS

【PIREP】0854UTC：WS FM E TO W BLW 200FT ON FNA RWY34L

shear line detection threshold ：3.5m/s/km

Shear Line is passing over the HND Airport

Wide Spectral Width area is moving with the Shear Line

Observation example of TDWR (Kansai Intl. Airport)

Airport : Kansai International Airport

Date: 28.Oct.2003

Weather Condition: cold front passed

Harerun Harerun -- the JMA Mascot the JMA Mascot




AGENDA





Accuracy of wind measurement and Low level wind shear detection by TDWR

Accuracy of wind measurementEvaluation of Doppler velocity and wind velocityby VAD or VVP.Comparison wind direction and speed by ACARS and

Data number : 435Correlation coefficient: 0.97RMSE:2.6m/s

Comparison wind direction and speed by ACARS and AIDS data.Using data from four bins correspond to plane positionThe difference between each observation time is less than 3 minutes pp

ler v

eloc

ity

less than 3 minutes.

Accuracy of low level wind shear detectionCase Evaluation :MB（297; 7 cases ）、SL（83; 10 cases）

Dop

Evaluation of detection rate or false-positive rate by TDWR

Optimizing detection parameter by the evaluation

Comparison of wind component by plane

ACARS

⊿Vt Number Number POD Comparison of wind component by plane and Doppler velocity(Kansai Intl. Airport)

⊿Vt(m/s)

Number(detected)

Number(observed)

POD(%)

shear line

5 71 83 86

10 53 56 95

15 19 20 95

5 257 297 87

microburst

5 257 297 87

10 227 236 96

15 83 84 99

DRAW performance evaluated fromobservation data during 1995-1998.(Akaeda, 2001)

Accuracy of wind measurement by LIDARComparison of ACARS <elevation 2.0 degrees>

<Narita Airport> ＜Tokyo Airport＞regression regression

Comparison of ACARS elevation 2.0 degrees（Narita ： 2008. Apr. – Nov. Tokyo ： 2007. Mar. – Dec. ）

/s)

y(m

/s)

gline

regression line

pler

vel

ocity

(m/

Dop

pler

vel

ocity

sample : 1490 sample : 141695% Confidence

IntervalD

op

D

sample : 1416Interval

【ref.】Doppler radar (2001)

ACARS(m/s)ACARS(m/s)

Correlation coefficientRMSEAverage deviation

：0.949：1.47：-0.94

Correlation coefficientRMSEAverage deviation

：0.944：0.99：-0.19

pp ( )Correlation coefficient

：0.97～0.98RMSE：2.3～3.3

Investigation of the tendency of the wind shear detection

Airport : Kansai International Airport

Period: Feb.1996 ～Aug.2003

Microburst:N b f d i 6010• Number of detection 6010

• Number of individuals※ 3479• Investigation item detected point, maximum velocity differential,

size(major and minor axis of an approximationsize(major and minor axis of an approximation ellipse) , area, movement speed and a direction

Shear line:Shear line:• Number of detection 6924• Investigation item coordinates of center and both ends,

wind velocity difference of both sides,y ,horizontal scale

※the microburst detected continuously in time and space are considered as the same microburst

Monthly number of wind shear detection

1,400

The monthly number of microburst detection

Shear Line

1600

The monthly number of shear line detection

Microburst

MB検出数・個体数600

800

1,000

1,200Number(individuals)

Number(detected)

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0

200

400

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

200

400

600

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

30

35

40weather conditions tendency when microburst detected

extratropical cyclonestationary frontedge of high atmospheric pressurecold front 30

35

40

weather condition tendency when shear line detected

extratropical cyclonestationary frontedge of high atmospheric pressure

ld f t

10

15

20

25

cold fronttyphoon

10

15

20

25

30 cold fronttyphoon

0

5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0

5

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Distribution map of the detection point of wind shear

microburst shear line




AGENDA





Benefit of the integrated operation of TDWR/LIDAR

Obs. Time Interval

To detect the

Detection RangeMeasuring MethodPurpose

reflective wave aerosol

In TDWR and LIDAR, the weather

condition that is appropriate for theAboutR di

sudden change region of the wind such as low level

wind shearsi di i f

Lida

aerosol

appropriate for the observation is

different.

About 2 min.

Radius:10km

in conditions ofnon-precipitation

ar

transmitted wave

The wind shear can

To detect the low level wind shearat precipitation

or the microburst

Aerial Modeﾞ

About 6 i

PrecipitationDopplerVelocityRadius:120km

transmitted wave

DRAW

be observed by on integrated operating TDWR and LIDAR in

precipitation and i it ti

or the microburst generated in

connection with the developed CB.

6 min.

Airport Mode

Shear LineRadius:60km

Microburst

TD

WR

reflection

reflective wave

non-precipitation conditions .

About 1.2 min.

MicroburstRadius:20kmprecipitation

ground

○

Advisory service concerning low level wind shear

○ When wind shear or microburst is observed by DRAW or LIDAR, according to a situation, it is provided by ATC as the information on Wind Shear Alert(WSA), or information on MicroBurst Alert(MBA).

○Wind Shear AlertIt is announced when the change in a head wind ingredient of 20 knots or more is observed.ex. 0837 34LA WSA 25kt+ 3nm FNL

○MicroBurst AlertIt is announced when the change in a head wind ingredient 30 knots or more is observed.ex. 0837 34LA WSA 39kt- 1nm DEPex. 0837 34LA WSA 39kt 1nm DEP

Shear line

Airspace for the advisory serviceconcerning low level wind shear

21

microburst

Composition of wind shear data by TDWR and LIDAR

Wind shear dataWind shear dataDetection of a wind shear.

Creation of WSA/MBA.TDWR

TDWR communication server

LIDAR

TDWR Data Processer

LIDAR Data Processer

LIDARATC system

（WPU)

ウンドシア

Composition of wind shear data

ウィンドシアー情報文の送信WSA/MBA.

Airline system




AGENDA





Thank youThank you

Appendix1:Figure of system composition of TDWR

Appendix2:Photograph of TDWR equipments(Tokyo Intl. Airport)

Antenna-servo-controllers, signal processers andTransmitters and receivers.

Antenna servo controllers, signal processers andswitching equipment.

Data communication equipment

Control and surveillance equipment Data processor

Appendix3:Detection Algorism of wind shear in JMA

0゜directiondata is plus

Azimuth

Solid line⑨ and dash

0° direction velocity

radar

data is plustoward North

Solid line⑨ and dash line⑨ are combined into a line data.The same as ⑩,⑪,⑫,⑬.

radar site 180゜direction

data is plustoward South

plus directioni d l it

180゜Azimuth

degree range 0゜(min) ~ 180゜(max)

180° direction velocity in range and velocity

0゜direction

radar position(set virtual bin)

start

end

d

data is plustoward North

180 ゜ direction data is plus

toward North

These datum are interpolated using the value of (-3) and (+3)

back-scan datashear segment

radar site

plus directionin back-scan data

S

Wind Shear Detection Systems in Japan

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