Wind Engineering Societal and Environmental Factors Module 7.1 Avian Issues
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Transcript of Wind Engineering Societal and Environmental Factors Module 7.1 Avian Issues
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Wind EngineeringSocietal and Environmental Factors
Module 7.1 Avian Issues
Lakshmi N. [email protected]
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Overview• Wind energy is renewable and environment friendly,
and helps reduce emissions (COx, NOx, Sulfur, Mercury,…).
• Adverse effects have also been reported. • These include– Avian fatalities– Power Quality– Noise
• This module deals with Avian issues.• Modules 7.2 deals with Power Quality.• Module 7.3 deals with wind turbine noise.
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Alaska
• The next few slides are from http://www.alaska.edu/uaf/cem/ine/aetdl/conferences/2008Presentations/BirdIssueswWindTurbines.A.Stickney.pdf
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Siting the Wind Turbine should address Avian Issues
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Some Species are Protected
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Other Studies
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NWCC Study Estimates of Annual Mortalities
Netherlands: 37 fatalities per turbine per year, due to proximity to coastal regions.
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NWCC Data
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NREL/SR-500-26092
• A Population Study of Golden Eagles in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area:
• Population Trend Analysis 1994–1997
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Conclusions and Recommendations
• Avian fatality due to collisions with wind turbines is, in general, extremely small compared to other causes of fatality.
• Siting appears to play a significant role (e.g. Netherlands, Altamont Pass in CA), however.
• Any study on wind turbine siting should include avian issues.
• Visibility a factor – painting the blade surface with contrast may help.
• Noise makers have been proposed.• Lattice structures attract perching birds. Tubular
structures less inviting.