Campbel. 2003. Benefit-Cost Analysis - Financial and Economic Appraisal Using Spreadsheets
Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small...
Transcript of Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small...
![Page 1: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Willow Bioenergy Crops Environmental Benefits and Extension Services
for Sustainable Supply Chains
Justin Heavey - Senior Research Support Specialist
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Syracuse, NY
![Page 2: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview1. Biomass and Bioenergy
2. Shrub Willow
3. Environmental and Other Benefits
4. Barriers and Extension Services
![Page 3: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, February 2016
![Page 5: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Energy from the sun stored in plants
• Agricultural or forest bi-products
• Dedicated energy crops
Sources of Bioenergy
![Page 6: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Short Rotation Willow Crops (Salix spp.)
Shrub willow
Salix purpurea, Salix miyabeana, Salix sachlinensis, Salix
viminalis, Salix eriocephala, Salix caprea...
…and hybrid cultivars of these species
Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
Not tree willow!
![Page 7: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Willow ProjectCrop research and development…
• Breeding
• Yield trials
• Economic analysis
• Harvesting & Logistics
• Sustainability
• Multiple uses & benefits
Commercialization of shrub willow
for biomass energy and alternative applications
![Page 8: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Shrub Willow
• Fast growing hardwood
• 25 tons of biomass (wet) per acre
• Adaptable to a range of conditions
• Regrows from cut stems
• Broad genetic base for breeding
![Page 9: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mechanized Planting
![Page 11: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Unrooted Stem Cuttings
![Page 12: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Five to Ten Feet per Year
![Page 13: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Harvest Every Three Years
![Page 14: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Seven Harvests from One Planting
![Page 15: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Renewable Biomass Feedstock
![Page 16: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Multiple Conversion Pathway and BioProducts
![Page 17: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Is “renewable” enough?
Environmental and Rural Development Benefits
![Page 18: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lifecycle Analysis
• Production through end use
• Carbon neutral 22-year lifecycle (Caputo et al. 2014)
• CO2 sequestered above- and belowground
• Offsets 100% of emissions (or more)
• Energy production with net-zero emissions
![Page 19: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Willow 18:1 – 43:1
Net-energy Ratio
2:1
8:1
18:1
(Caputo et al. 2014)
![Page 20: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity
Birds and small mammals• (Campbel et al. 2012)
Bees and other pollinators• (Tumminello and Volk 2016)
Beneficial soil organisms • (Minor et al. 2004)
Deer, turkeys and other game…
![Page 21: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Low Environmental ImpactNatural weed control (Heavey & Volk 2014)
• Limits the need for herbicides
Disease and pest resistance (Abrahamson et al. 2010)
• Limits the need for pesticides
Low fertilizer requirement (Quaye et al. 2014)
• Relative to annual crops
Perennial cover and root system • Mitigates soil erosion (Kloster, 2014)
• Limits runoff protecting water quality (Bressler, 2016)
![Page 22: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bioremediation
Plants do work of machines and industry
• Water filtration
• Soil remediation
• Landfill caps
• Pollution control
Same traits as bioenergy…
• High growth rate
• Coppice ability
• Fibrous root system
• Stress tolerances
![Page 23: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vegetative Cap of a Former Industrial Site
Alternative to Geomembrane Cap • Same function
• 1/10th the energy, GHG, and cost
• Stops chloride salts from entering local watershed
Biomass Energy Production • Same as mineral soils
Environmental Benefits • As mentioned
Planned recreation opportunities • Hiking trails, bird watching, nature education
![Page 24: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Rural Development
10,000 Acres of Bioenergy Crops • 40-50 direct full time jobs (NYSERDA 2010)
Marginal Lands
• 1 million acres of idle land in NYS
• Often poorly drained
• Not compete with other land uses
• Productive use for untapped resource
![Page 25: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Multifunctional Systems
![Page 26: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Barriers and Extension Services
![Page 27: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
State of the Industry
70,000 acres in Europe (AEBIOM 2011)
• Higher fuel and biomass prices
• More renewable energy mandates and incentives
New York State
• USDA Biomass Crop Assistance Program
• 1,150 acres producing about 8,000 tons of biomass annually
• USDA NIFA and NYSERDA sponsored extension programs
![Page 28: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Barriers to Commercialization• High upfront costs, multiple-year payback
• Limited knowledge of crop management
• Access to specialized machinery
• Perceptions of feedstock quality
• Awareness among potential producers and supporting stakeholders
If initial deployment of willow is not successful,
subsequent deployment can be delayed by years. (McCormick and Kåberger 2007, Helby et al. 2006)
![Page 29: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Economics of Production
EcoWillow 2.0 • Cashflow model
• Demonstrate costs and returns
• User-friendly
• Customizable
Model Scenario Outputs (best case)
• IRR 20%
• Payback 7 years after planting (2nd Harvest)
• USDA BCAP
• Meet best practice target
![Page 30: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Equipment Access Program• Reduced rental rate
• Technical and logistical assistance
![Page 31: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Crop Management
•Crop scouting
•Soil sampling
•GIS analyses
•Supply chain logistics
•Support research on commercial acreage
![Page 32: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Feedstock QualityPerception that willow “doesn’t burn … has low BTUs ... high moisture and ash”
Feedstock sampling throughout supply chain since 2012• (Eisenbies et al. 2014, Conable et al. 2014, Heavey et al. 2015)
Meets end-user specs with low variability• Moisture: 43% ± 2%
• Ash: 3% ± 0.5%
• Energy: 8200-8300 btu/lb (dry)
6,000 tons utilized in the past three years
![Page 33: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Outreach and Education
• Extension publications
• Webinars and Social Media
• Field Tours and Equipment Demos
• K-12 Engagement
• Meeting Current and Potential Producers In the Field
![Page 34: Willow Bioenergy Crops - ESF · 2016. 4. 27. · Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Birds and small mammals • (Campbel et al. 2012) Bees and other pollinators • (Tumminello and](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022071415/610f66de226b3c24973ea978/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Summary • Biomass an important renewable energy source
• Shrub willow is one of many biomass feedstocks
• More than just renewable energy…
• Environmental and other benefits
• Multifunctional sustainable systems
• Extension services are critical to success!