Dynamic Hierarchical Model for Fault Tolerant Grid Computing
WHY THE SMART GRID REVOLUTION? · why the smart grid revolution? ... towards a dynamic and...
Transcript of WHY THE SMART GRID REVOLUTION? · why the smart grid revolution? ... towards a dynamic and...
WHY THE SMART GRID REVOLUTION?
Running today's digital society through yesterday's grid is like running the Internet
through an old telephone switchboard
Reid Detchon
NEW CHALLENGES TO THE ELECTRICITY NETWORK
OUR CLIENTS ARE FACING 4 MAIN CHALLENGES
Increasing demand for energy and electricity
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RAISING THE NETWORK’S COMPLEXITY
2Moving towards an environmentally-friendlier energy mix
(lower carbon emissions, more renewable energy…)
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Volatile energy prices and critical energy losses
4Emerging large regional transmission networks
INCREASING DEMAND FOR ENERGY
Source: IEA Key world energy statistic 2007, world energy outlook 2007
Increasing share of electricity in the energy mix
Energy Demand will grow by 55 % between 2005 and 2030
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WITH ELECTRICITY GROWING FASTER
MOVING TOWARDS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLIER ENERGY MIX
Increasing share of renewable energy in the generation mix
CO2 emissions grow faster than energy demand
0
3
6
9
12
15
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Gig
aton
nes
of C
O 2
United States
China
Rest of non-OECD
Rest of OECD
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WITH MORE RENEWABLE ENERGY
CONSTRAINTS ON PRIMARY SOURCES Critical level of losses
Sco
tland
An inefficient energy chain with 2/3 of primary energy lost, mostly due to power conversion
Between 7% & 16% of the electricity generated is lost on the networks
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HIGHLIGHTING THE IMPORTANCE OF POWER EFFICIENCY
EMERGING LARGE REGIONAL TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
ENSURING SUPPLY SECURITY AND PRICE DECREASE► The European case:
Directives 2003/54 & 2003/55 adopted in 2003 to create a large, continental electricity grid in Europe
Create opportunities for new comers in generation and distribution Independent gas and electricity regulatorPossibility for all customers to change suppliers
Similar actions take place in the USA and other regions.
LEADING TO DIFFICULTIES TO COPE WITH THE INCREASEDNETWORK COMPLEXITY► 2003 North America
50 millions inhabitants affectedRestoration took a few days
► 2003 Italy57 millions inhabitants affectedRestoration: 4hours
► 2005 Moscow4 millions inhabitants affectedRestoration: 2 days
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REINFORCING CUSTOMERS NEEDS
REINFORCING EXISTING NEEDS
Reliability and qualityEnsure security of supply, reliability of the network and quality of the electricity delivered
The network must be smarter with more intelligence at all levels
StabilityMonitor oscillations and manage the network to prevent blackouts and maximize availability of power
Environmental concernsProvide clean energy (CO2 free) and reduce environmental impact
Market efficiencySet up tools and processes to fully enable energy marketsEnable customers / end-users dynamic participation
Energy efficiencyDeliver the maximum of electricity to the end-user, starting from a given quantity of energy and from existing assets
TODAY’S ONE-WAY CENTRALIZED ELECTRICITY NETWORK…
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380kV
110kV 25kV220/110kV
20kV20kV
400/230V
380/220V
12kV 380kV
Power flow
-
Heavy Industry
Residential Areas
Family Homes Farmhouses
Transmission Network
Rail Traffic
Department Stores, Offices, Light
Industry
Power plant
FarmhousesFarmhouses
Transmission Network
Rail Traffic
… NEEDS TO EVOLVE
Centralized versus decentralized
Wind Farms
Central power plant
Fuel Cells
Industrial Plants CHP
Residential Areas
Department Stores, offices Micro-turbines
StorageVirtual Power Plant
Decentralized generation Central generation Consumption
Power Flows
TOWARDS A DYNAMIC AND BIDIRECTIONAL FLOW OF ENERGY AND DATA…
…WITH SUPPORT FROM NEW TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATION
► Emerging governmental energy policies for energy & environmental efficiency:
Energy supplyBlackout preventionEnergy demand management
Energy policies / Regulatory pushEnergy policies / Regulatory push
New technologyCapabilities
New technologyCapabilities
► New technology capabilitiesTechnological ConvergenceModeling and simulationComplex systems controlEnergy storagePower electronics…
BRINGING ON THE SMART GRIDS
THE SMART GRID
More efficient, More efficient, More reliable, More reliable,
EnvironmentallyEnvironmentally--friendlier, friendlier, ……SMARTER GRIDSSMARTER GRIDS!
AREVA’S SMART GRID VISION
CO2 free energy sources
integration
CO2 free energy sources
integration
• Nuclear• Centralized / Decentralized
Renewable• Micro–renewable• Energy storage
Transmission optimization
Transmission optimization
• Infrastructure (incl. long distance, both energy & communication)
• Network management
Distribution optimizationDistribution optimization
• Infrastructure ( to enable bi-directional power flows, communication)
• Network management
New consumption modes integration and management
New consumption modes integration and management
• Electric cars• µ-production and µ-grid• Deregulated environment• Smart appliances &
buildings
Energy policies / Regulatory push
New technologies capabilities
Enablers Blackout preventionBlackout
prevention
• Defense plan• React in real-time• Online Stability• Closed Loop Control
Market efficiency
Environmental concerns
Energy efficiency
+
Customers needs
Reliability and Quality
Stability
AREVA T&D’S SMART GRID VISION
We offer our customers a wide range of reliable and innovative solutions to help them meet
today’s and tomorrow’s electricity challenges
We offer our customers a wide range of reliable and innovative solutions to help them meet
today’s and tomorrow’s electricity challenges
To respond to these challenges, grids need to evolve to become more efficient, environmentally-friendlier and more reliable, in a word the smarter
grids – a process of constant improvement
To respond to these challenges, grids need to evolve to become more efficient, environmentally-friendlier and more reliable, in a word the smarter
grids – a process of constant improvement
We have made Smarter Grids a top priority in our ambitious R&D program and we already offer
some Smart Grid-enabled products.
Making the grid smarter can only be achieved by combining smarter technologies and smarter
teamwork
We have made Smarter Grids a top priority in our ambitious R&D program and we already offer
some Smart Grid-enabled products.
Making the grid smarter can only be achieved by combining smarter technologies and smarter
teamwork
A PROCESS OF CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
Market efficiency
Environmental concerns
Energy efficiency
Customers needs
Reliability and Quality
Stability
SMARTER TEAMWORK
SMART GRIDS, A SMART COMPANY NETWORK
Customers
AREVA T&DAREVA T&D
Technology players
Universities and experts’networks
Local specialist associations
UtilitiesIndustrialDomesticRegulators
ICT industry (Software / Hardware / Services)Energy-related niche players (Metering, Demand Response…)IntegratorsOther industry players (Automotive, Domestic Appliances…)
PARTNERING WITH CUSTOMERS
User Groups…
Post-CIGRE Event…
Dr. PachauriNobel Peace Prize 2007
PARTNERING WITH TECHNOLOGY PLAYERS
Specific skills of Integrators & Software companies…Supported by Energy experts…
FOR FASTER DEVELOPMENT AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
PARTNERING WITH LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS
Member of the European Technology Platform SmartGrids
Member of North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)
Member of the GridWise Alliance (USA)
Member of the Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) in the USA
WITH SUPPORT FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SMARTER TECHNOLOGIES
OUR E-TERRA PRODUCT RANGE
FOCUSING ON ENERGY GRID EFFICIENCY AND
RELIABILITY
Main featurese-terraplatform for network
management solution foundation
e-terrasource for centralized configuration models management
e-terradistribution for active distribution network management
e-terravision for real-time situation awareness
OUR ONLINE STABILITY SOLUTION
PREVENTING BLACKOUTS
Main featuresAdvanced visualization of Phase
Measurement Units (PMU) angle difference
Real time trending of stability margin
Oscillation monitoring
Wide Area Monitoring and Control
MINIMIZING COSTS AND ENSURING RELIABILITY
Main featuresMonitors, via sensors major
components of the circuit breakers
Analyses information and triggers alarms locally and/or remotely
Can be applied to all High-Voltage Circuit breakers : Live Tank, Dead Tank, Generator Circuit Breaker
OUR CB WATCH-2 CIRCUIT BREAKER MONITORING SYSTEMS
MINIMIZING COSTS AND ENSURING RELIABILITY
Main featuresContinuous supervision
Exact statements about operating condition
Optimized operating and lifetime management
Early detection of incipient faults
Avoid failures, outages & collateral damage
Knowledge of transformer life & lifetime consumption
Extended transformer lifetime
Reduction of life-cycle cost
OUR MS3000 TRANSFORMER MONITORING SYSTEMS
DataDataacquisitionacquisition
DataData analysisanalysis
LifetimeLifetime datadatamanagementmanagement
VisualisationVisualisation
InformationInformationdistributiondistribution
ConditionConditiondiagnosticsdiagnostics
OUR FACTS DEVICES RANGE
IMPROVING NETWORK STABILITY AND RELIABILITY
Main featuresReactive Power compensation
Power Flow increase
Reactive Power Control
Power Flow Control
Fast Dynamic Response
Stability improvement
Reliability improvement
Power oscillation damping
MSC MSRSC PST
STATCOM / D-STATCOM TCSCSVC
SVC = Static Var CompensatorSTATCOM = Static Synchronous CompensatorD-STATCOM = Distribution STATCOMTCSC = Thyristor Controlled Series CapacitorDVR = Dynamic Voltage RestorerSSSC = Static Synchronous Series Compensator
DVR / SSSC
SR
MSC = Switched CapacitorMSR = Switched ReactorSC = Series CapacitorSR = Series ReactorPST = Phase Shifting Transformer
OUR D-STATCOM SOLUTION:SVC MaxSine
SMART NETWORK SUPPORTING DEVICE
IMPROVING POWER QUALITYMain features
All-in-one Real-time Compensation
Current Harmonics Compensation
Voltage Stabilisation
Flicker Reduction
Power Factor Correction
Load Currents Balancing
Reaction Time is less than 2ms
Universal Communication Connectivity
OUR ACTIVE FILTER: MaxSine
ACTIVE FILTERINGMain features
Reactive Compensation
Active Filtering
Selection of harmonic currents to be compensated
Compensation factor selectively adjustable from 0 to 100%
(f ile jebel-back.pl4; x-var t) v:BUSH. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80[us ]
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900[kV]
OUR NETWORK STUDIES CAPACITY
MODELING SMARTGRIDS
Main featuresRenewable Energy Sources
integration (wind farms)
FACTS integration and coordination
Distributed Generation integration
Protection plan analysis (Distribution Networks with 2-ways power flow)
Best solutions for Short Circuit Currents limitation
Electric cars integration
…
SMARTER TECHNOLOGYSome Success Stories
USA – OUR NEW GENERATION PE SVC Xcel ENERGY
IMPROVING TRANSMISSION GRID STABILITY
Customer BenefitsEasing connection of renewable energy and stabilizing the networkMinimizing voltage fluctuationIncreasing power transfer capabilitiesImproving steady and dynamic transmission system performance
IMPROVING NETWORK STABILITY AND DE-ICING
OVERHEAD LINES
Customer BenefitsSVC to improve 735kV network security and reliability
DC injection to melt the ice on overhead lines.
Fast reconfiguration from SVC mode to HVDC de-icermode (<1 hour)
CANADA – OUR NEW GENERATION PEHVDCice™
IMPROVING POWER QUALITYFOR A NICKEL MINE
Customer Benefits3-in-one Compensation
Power Factor CorrectionVoltage StabilisationFlicker Reduction
Listens to the Network, not to the LoadCompensation-on-demand Features
WEST-AUSTRALIA – OUR SVC MaxSine
EMIRATES – OUR SVC MaxSine
IMPROVING POWER QUALITY FOR A STEEL
FACTORY
Customer BenefitsAll-in-one Real-time Compensation
Harmonic currents CompensationFlicker ReductionPower Factor CorrectionLoad Currents Balancing
Reaction Time is less than 2msUniversal Communication Connectivity
USA – OUR e-terrasettlement
DEMONSTRATING OUR SOLUTIONS’ POWER
AND RELIABILITY
Customer BenefitsOffering a truly scalable architecture to meet the growing data volume needs. A fully configurable solution.
DENMARK
TOWARDS MORE EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
MANAGEMENT
Customer BenefitsProviding crucial information for properly estimating how much generation each turbine producesAssessing the network securityProviding a full realistic operational behavior simulation environment with Dispatcher Training Simulatorn (DTS)
CHINA – OUR e-terravision
FOR SMARTER TRANSMISSION
Customer BenefitsAn integrated and unified Situation-Awareness tool within the Generalized Grid Security Framework (GGSF). Providing advanced decision support tools to guide operators with re-dispatch actions to alleviate security violations
SWITZERLAND - OUR INTRA-DAY PLANT OPTIMIZER
FOR SMARTER DISPATCH
Customer BenefitsAll generation, transmission and distribution applications in a single, field proven systemProviding a very broad and cost-effective set of functionsReal Time monitoring: improve compliance with schedules, reduce counter-trading, increase security
FRANCE - MICROGRIDS CONTROLLER
THE MOST EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE
SOLUTIONS
Customer Benefits Cheaper solution than the traditional Generator + battery solutionConformity with the National and EC laws applicable in Medical site