INGECON SUN® GRID SUPPORT PowerFactory Dynamic model ...

Ingeteam Power Technology S.A. 02/2013

INGECON SUN® GRID SUPPORT

PowerFactory Dynamic model specification

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INGETEAM DATE: 19/02/13 PAGE: 2 OF 39

Index

1. INDEX

1. INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

2. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3

3. V & F CONTROL SLOT .............................................................................................................................. 4

4. V INVERTER SLOT ..................................................................................................................................... 5

5. P & Q CONTROL SLOT .............................................................................................................................. 6

6. PHASE MEAS SLOT .................................................................................................................................... 7

7. MEASUREMENT MODULE SLOT ........................................................................................................... 8

8. PV PANEL MODULE SLOT ..................................................................................................................... 10

9. CONTROL MODULE SLOT ..................................................................................................................... 12

9.1 ACTIVE POWER CONTROL ........................................................................................................................... 13 9.1.1 Primary frequency control ............................................................................................................... 14 9.1.2 Virtual inertia .................................................................................................................................. 15 9.1.3 Power reduction and ramp limit ...................................................................................................... 16 9.1.4 Limitation of the response of the active power control .................................................................... 17

9.2 REACTIVE POWER CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 17 9.2.1 Fixed reactive power........................................................................................................................ 18 9.2.2 7.2.2. Fixed power factor ................................................................................................................. 18 9.2.3 7.2.3. Reactive power control by the power output .......................................................................... 18 9.2.4 Voltage control ................................................................................................................................ 19 9.2.5 Limitation of the response of the reactive power control ................................................................. 20

10. CONVERTER MODULE SLOT ................................................................................................................ 22

10.1 CURRENT COMMANDS IN NORMAL OPERATION MODE............................................................................ 23 10.2 FAULT DETECTION LOGIC AND CONVERTER OPERATIONAL LIMITS ........................................................ 24

10.2.1 Switch and Out of Service Events ................................................................................................ 26 10.3 CONVERTER CURRENT LIMITS ............................................................................................................... 28 10.4 HIGH/LOW VOLTAGE FAULT RIDE THROUGH OPERATION MODE .......................................................... 30

11. STATIC GENERATOR SLOT ................................................................................................................... 32

12. ANNEX I. MODEL DATASHEET ............................................................................................................ 33



2. INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to describe the dynamic model of INGECON SUN® inverters developed for RMS Simulation in PowerFactory v.14. This document is complemented by a user guide “Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Plants with INGECON SUN® Inverters in PowerFactory®” that contains information on how to use the model and several dynamic simulation examples.

The model is programmed as a composite model and its main structure is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Ingecon PV System Composite Frame

The composite frame of the model is made up of seven slots: Slot 0. Static Generator. This slot must contain the PowerFactory built-in model of a Static

Generator.

Slot 1. Converter Module. This slot must contain a common model defined with the DSL Block

Definition named “BlkDef Converter Module”.

Slot 2. Control Module. This slot must contain a common model defined with the DSL Block

Definition named “BlkDef Control Module”.

Slot 3. PV Panel Module. This slot must contain a common model defined with the DSL Block

Definition named “BlkDef PV Panel Module”.

Slot 4. Measurement Module. This slot must contain a common model defined with the DSL Block

Definition named “BlkDef Measurement Module”.

Slot 5. V & F Control Bus. This slot must contain the PowerFactory built-in model of a Voltage

Measurement.



Slot 6. V Inverter Bus. This slot must contain the PowerFactory built-in model of a Voltage

Measurement.

Slot 7. P & Q Inverter Bus. This slot must contain the PowerFactory built-in model of a PQ

Measurement.

Slot 8. Phase Meas. This slot must contain the PowerFactory built-in model of a Phase

Measurement Device PLL.

Next sections describe the different Slots in detail, starting from left to right in Figure 1. The complete model datasheet can be consulted in Annex I.

3. V & F CONTROL SLOT

This slot provides the RMS voltage and frequency values measured at the control bus. The slot signals are shown in Table 1.

Signal

Type Unit Description

u output p.u. Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude

fe output p.u. Frequency Magnitude

Table 1. Signals of the V & F Control Slot

The network element in the composite model of the plant has to be a Voltage Measurement element (class StaVmea). The user has to select the bus where the voltage is going to be controlled, normally the Point Of Interconnection (POI) of the plant to the grid. This selection is done in the Voltage Measurement element dialog window, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Configuration of the control bus voltage measurement element

The ouput of the slot is the voltage and frequency in pu. The voltage base has to be selected with the option “Rating of Connected Busbar”, as shown in Figure 2.



4. V INVERTER SLOT

This slot provides the RMS voltage at the inverter bus. The slot signals are shown in Table 2.

Signal


u output p.u. Positive Sequence Inverter Voltage Magnitude

Table 2. Signal of the V Inverter Slot

The network element in the composite model of the plant has to be a Voltage Measurement element (class StaVmea). The user has to select the bus where the plant inverter (static generator network element) is connected, and use the option “Rating of Connected Busbar” as the voltage base.

Figure 3. Configuration of the inverter bus voltage measurement element



5. P & Q CONTROL SLOT

This slot provides the RMS active and reactive power values measured at the control bus. The slot signals are shown in Table 2.

Signal


p output p.u. Positive Sequence Active Power

q output p.u. Positive Sequence Reactive Power

Table 2. Signals of the P & Q Control Slot

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a Power Measurement element (class StaPqmea). The measurement point has to be the cubicle where the inverter (static generator network element) is connected. This selection is done in the Power Measurement element dialog window, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Configuration of the PQ measurement element

The ouput of the slot is in pu. The power base has to be selected with the option “Rating of Connected Element”. Finally, the sign criteria used in the model is positive for generated power and negative for consumed power. This way, the orientation parameter in the element dialog has to be selected as “Generator oriented”.



6. PHASE MEAS SLOT

This slot provides the angle reference to synchronize the current injection of the inverter with the voltage phasor at the control bus. The slot signals are shown in Table 3.

Signal


cosphi

output Cosine Value of Voltage Angle

sinphi output Sine Value of Voltage Angle

Table 3. Signals of the Phase Meas Slot

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a Phase Measurement Device PLL element (class ElmPhi). The measurement point has to be the inverter bus (Figure 5):

Figure 5. Selection of the voltage base

For RMS simulation, the PLL element has four parameters. It is recommended to use the default values, shown in Table 4.

Parameter Value Unit Description

Kp 50 Controller Gain

Ki 3 Integration Gain

fmax 1.2 p.u. Upper Frequency Limit

fmin 0.8 p.u. Lower Frequency Limit

Table 4. Parameters of the PLL network element



7. MEASUREMENT MODULE SLOT

This slot provides the electrical measurements for the control and converter slots from the output values of the P&F and P&Q slots.

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a DSL common model (class ElmDsl) defined with the DSL Block Definition named “BlkDef Measurement Module”.

The DSL model “BlkDef Measurement Module” models the measurement of the electrical magnitudes, for the electrical control of the PV plant, with a first order delay transfer function for each measured value, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Measurement Module Block Diagram

The description of model signals is shown in Table 5.

Signal


v input p.u. Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude

f input p.u. Frequency Magnitude

p input p.u. Positive Sequence Active Power

q input p.u. Positive Sequence Reactive Power

Vgrid output p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Voltage

fgrid output p.u. Measured Frequency

Pgrid output p.u. Measured Active Power

Qgrid output p.u. Measured Reactive Power

Table 5. Signals of the Measurement Module common model



For RMS simulation, the DSL common model has four parameters, as shown in Table 6.


Tv 0.02 s Control Voltage Filter Time Constant

Tf 0.02 s Frequency Filter Time Constant

Tp 0.02 s Active Power Filter Time Constant

Tq 0.02 s Reactive Power Filter Time Constant

Table 6. Parameters of the DSL common model for the measurement module slot



8. PV PANEL MODULE SLOT

This slot provides the aggregated output of the PV panels of the plant along with the maximum and minimum output limits.

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a DSL common model (class ElmDsl) defined with the DSL Block Definition named “BlkDef PV Panel Module”.

The DSL model “BlkDef PV Panel Module” models the aggregated output of the PV panels of the plant as a constant value, as shown in Figure 7. This value, defined with the internal input variable Pout, is initialized to the active power output of the plant from the initial powerflow case. During the simulation, the user can change the output power changing the value of the input signal Pout with a “Parameter Event”.

Figure 7. PV Panel Module Block Diagram

The model signals are shown in Table 7.

Signal Type Unit Description

Pout input refence p.u. PV Panels Agregated DC Power

Ppv ouput p.u. PV Panels Agregated Output Power

Ppvmax

ouput p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Ppvmin

ouput p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Table 7. Signals of the PV Panel Module common model



The maximum and minium output of the plant (output signals Ppvmax and Ppvmin) are entered by the user in the parameters of the DSL common model in the network element, shown in Table 9.


Pmax p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Pmin p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Table 9. Parameters of the DSL common model for the PV panel module slot



9. CONTROL MODULE SLOT

The control module slot ouputs the active and reactive power commands when the plant operates in normal grid conditions.

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a DSL common model (class ElmDsl) defined with the DSL Block Definition named “BlkDef Control Module”. This model calculates the active and reactive power commands from the control references and the programmed control algorithms, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8. Control Module Block Diagram

Besides the input and output signals, the model uses some internal input signals as references for the control. The value of these signals is initialized from the initial power flow case. During the simulation, the user can change the value of the reference signals with a “Parameter Event”. Also, the model calculates several internal signals that the user can monitor to check the performance of the model. All these signals are listed in Table 9.




fgrid input p.u. Measured Frequency

fref input reference p.u. Frequency Reference

Pred Input reference p.u. Active Power Reduction Reference

Ppv input p.u. PV Panels Agregated Output Power

Pmax input p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Pmin input p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Reset input Active Power Ramp Limit Reset Signal

Qref input reference p.u. Reactive Power Reference

Tanphi input reference Power Factor (Tan) Reference

Pgrid input p.u. Measured Active Power

Pref input reference p.u. Active Power Reference for Voltage Control

Vgrid input p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Voltage

Vref input reference p.u. Voltage Reference for Voltage Control

Pcmd output p.u. Active Power Command Reference

Qcmd output p.u. Reactive Power Command Reference

Qpf internal p.u. Reactive Power Command in Power Factor Control Mode

Qp internal p.u. Reactive Power Command in P Control Mode

Qv internal p.u. Reactive Power Command in V Control Mode

Qmax internal p.u. Maximum Reactive Power Limit

Qmin internal p.u. Minimum Reactive Power Limit

Table 9. Signals of the Control Module common model

The following subchapters explain in more detail the different control functions and the parameters of each function.

9.1 Active power control

The active power control, shown in Figure 9, provides the active power setting PCMD as the combination of the primary regulation response, the inertial response and the active power value supplied by the PV panels. This last value is affected by the active power reduction order and it is limited by a ramp.



Figure 9. Block diagram of P-f control

9.1.1 Primary frequency control

The primary frequency control provides the plant response for frequency deviations greater than a deadband. For small frequency deviations, the plant response is proportional to the frequency deviation, based on a droop characteristic. For large frequency deviations, the plant responses with a step. The power response is limited by a maximum and a minimum limit and the rate of change of the response is limited by a ramp.

The block diagram and the frequency response characteristics are shown in Figures 10 and 11. The parameters of the control are detailed in Table 10.

Figure 10. Block diagram of the primary frequency control



Figure 11. Droop characteristic of the primary frequency control


dbfreq 0.004 p.u. Primary Response Deadband

R 0.4 p.u. Droop

df_step 0.08 p.u. Transition from Small to Large Frequency Deviation Response

P_step 1 p.u. Active Power Response to Large Frequency Deviation

d_ppr_max 0 p.u. Max. Active Power Limit for Primary Response

d_ppr_min -1 p.u. Min. Active Power Limit for Primary Response

Ramp_pr 0.5 p.u./s Primary Regulation Response Ramp

Table 10. Parameters of the primary frequency control

9.1.2 Virtual inertia

The model can emulate the inertial response of a conventional power plant. The virtual inertia function is represented in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Block diagram for the emulation of the inertial response

ΔPPR/Prated

DPPR max

Dead Band Δf/fbaseΔf1/fref K1 = -1/R

DPPR min

K1 = -1/R

Pstep

- Pstep

Δfstep



The parameters of the function are detailed in Table 11. A value of 0 for the inertia constant cancels the inertial response.


H 0 s Inertia Constant

Th 0.02 s Inertial Response Time Constant

d_pin_max 0 p.u. Max. Active Power Limit for Inertial Response

d_pin_min -1 p.u. Min. Active Power Limit for Inertial Response

Table 11. Paramters of the inertial response

9.1.3 Power reduction and ramp limit

The model allows decreasing the power output by means of the application of a power reduction order, as represented in Figure 13. The power reduction order is applied in p.u. For example, if the order is 0.2 p.u., the power is reduced to 20% of the actual active power produced by the PV Panel (Ppv).

The step change produced by the power reduction order, and also the changes in the output of the PV Panel, are limited by a ramp that fixes a maximum rate of change of active power per time unit. After a voltage dip, the ramp output can be reseted. If this is done the plant output after the dip will ramp up from 0 to its predisturbance value. The parameters of the function are detailed in Table 12.

Figure 13. Block diagram for power reduction and ramp limit


Ramp_p 0.5 p.u./s Active Power Ramp Limit

Reset_Ramp_p

1 Reset Ramp Output After LV Event (0-No;1-Yes)

Table 12. Parameters for power reduction and ramp limit



9.1.4 Limitation of the response of the active power control

The total active power setting is obtained as the sum of the power input plus the terms corresponding to primary, inertial and power reduction responses. This value is finally limited according to the PV panel power output limits, as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14. Block diagram of the limitation of the response of the active power control

9.2 Reactive power control

The reactive power control system provides the reactive power command reference QCMD (Figure 15). The value of the reactive power supplied to the grid can be controlled by:

Mode 1: fixed reactive power output (Qref)

Mode 2: fixed power factor (QPF)

Mode 3: reactive power control by the power output (QP)

Mode 4: voltage control (QV)

The control mode can be selected by specifying the appropriate value of the parameter Qmode (Q Mode Selector).

Figure 15. Block diagram of the reactive power control



9.2.1 Fixed reactive power

The reactive power command reference is constant and equal to the reactive power reference setting (Qref). The value of this variable is set by the user with a “Parameter Event”.

9.2.2 7.2.2. Fixed power factor

The reactive power command reference (QPF) is controled according to the active power output of the plant to keep the power factor at its reference value (Figure 16). The refence is set by the user using a “Parameter Event”.

Figure 16. Block diagram of the reactive power control by a fixed power factor

9.2.3 7.2.3. Reactive power control by the power output

With this control, the reactive power command reference (QP) is determined as the sum of the reactive power reference (Qref) and a reactive power variation proportional to the variation of the active power output from a reference value, as shown in Figures 17 and 18.

Figure 17. Block diagram of the control of reactive power by the power output

Figure 18. Droop characteristic of the reactive power control by the power output



The parameters used by this function are detailed in Table 13.

Parameter

Value Unit Description

dbp 0.1 p.u. Reactive Power P Control Deadband

Kp 0.25 p.u. Reactive Power P Control Gain

Table 13. Parameters for the reactive power control by the power output.

9.2.4 Voltage control

Finally, the reactive power output can be controlled by determining the reactive power (QV) to be supplied according to the reactive power reference (Qref) plus a reactive power variation. This variation is based on a PI controler with parallel reactive droop compensation, as shown in Figure 19. The voltage droop control function is shown in Figure 20.

Figure 19. Block diagram of the voltage control function

Dead band QV

±ΔV2/Vbase

ΔV/Vbase

Vref

- DQV/Prated

ΔV/Vbase

Kv =

Figure 20. Droop characteristic of the voltage control function



The parameters used by this control function are shown in Table 14.


dbv 0.05 p.u. Voltage Control Deadband

Kv 0 p.u. Voltage Control Gain

KpV 1 p.u. Voltage PI Control Proportional Gain

KiV 10 Voltage PI Control Integral Gain

Table 14. Parameters used in the voltage control function

9.2.5 Limitation of the response of the reactive power control

The reactive power command calculated by any of the four control functions, as selected by the user, is limited according to the voltage at the control bus. This function calculates the maximum and minimum reactive power limits according to the values contained in a parameter table, defined by the user, and limits the rate of change with a ramp. The block diagram is shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21. Block diagram of the reactive power limits management

The table is defined by 3 voltage points, each with a value of Qmax and Qmin. The first point has to be the upper voltage level (point 1), the second one the nominal voltage level (point 2) and the third one the lower voltage level (point 3). Intermediate values are calculated using linear interpolation.



The parameters used by this function are detailed in Table 15.


Ramp_q 0.5 p.u./s Reactive Power Ramp Limit

QLV1 1.1 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 V

QLV1Qmax 0.33 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 Qmax

QLV1Qmin -0.33 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 Qmin

QLV2 1 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 2 V



QLV3 0.9 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 3 V



Table 15. Parameters of the reactive power output limit function



10. CONVERTER MODULE SLOT

The converter module slot ouputs the active and reactive current references for the static generator slot.

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a DSL common model (class ElmDsl) defined with the DSL Block Definition named “BlkDef Converter Module”. This model calculates the active and reactive current references from the active and reactive power commands, in normal operation mode, of from an internal function in case of perturbed operation. Also, the module trips the plant in case of out of limits operation.

The general block diagram of the converter model is shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22. Control Module Block Diagram

Besides the input and output signals, the model calculates several internal signals that are accessible to the user. All these signals are listed in Table 16.


fgridt input p.u. Instantaneous Grid Frequency

Vgridt input p.u. Instantaneous Grid Voltage


Pcmd input p.u. Active Power Command Reference

Vgrid input p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Voltage

Qcmd input p.u. Reactive Power Command Reference



Reset output Active Power Ramp Limit Reset Signal

id output p.u. Active Current Reference

iq output p.u. Reactive Current Reference

idcmd internal p.u. Active Current Command. Normal Operation

iqcmd internal p.u. Reactive Current Command. Normal Operation

id_VFRT internal p.u. Active Current Command. HLVFRT Operation

iq_VFRT internal p.u. Reactive Current Command. HLVFRT Operation

idmax internal p.u. Active Current Max. Limit

idmin internal p.u. Active Current Min. Limit

iqmax internal p.u. Reactive Current Max. Limit

iqmin internal p.u. Reactive Current Min. Limit

VDFlag internal Voltage Disturbance Detection Flag

P0 internal p.u. Pre Disturbance Active Power Output

Trip internal Trip Signal

Trip_Vmax internal Max Voltage Trip Signal

Trip_Vmin internal Min Voltage Trip Signal

Trip_fmax internal Max Frequency Trip Signal

Trip_fmin internal Min Frequency Trip Signal

V_Max_Limit

internal p.u. V Max Limit

V_Min_Limit internal p.u. V Min Limit

f_Max_Limit internal p.u. f Max Limit

f_Min_Limit internal p.u. f Min Limit

Time_Vmax internal s Time of V Max Event

Time_Vmin internal s Time of V Min Event

Time_fmax internal s Time of f Max Event

Time_fmin internal s Time of f Min Event

Table 16. Signals of the Converter Module common model

The following subchapters explain in more detail the different functions and the parameters of each function.

10.1 Current commands in normal operation mode

The active and reactive current commands in normal operation mode are determined from the active and reactive power commands, after a first order delay, and the voltage measured at the control bus. The block diagram is shown in Figure 23 and the function parameters are detailed in Table 17.



Figure 23. Current commands in normal operation model


Tp 0.02 s Converter Time Constant for Id Command

Tq 0.02 s Converter Time Constant for Iq Command

Table 17. Parameters of the current commands

10.2 Fault detection logic and converter operational limits

This function of the power converter module monitors the frequency and the grid voltage. In case of over/under voltage, the block activates a flag (VDFlag) and changes the operation of the converter from normal operation to VFRT (Voltage Fault Ride Through) control.

If the voltage remains out of limits for a time greater than the limits parameterized, the function activates a trip signal (Trip_Vmax or Trip_Vmin). Similarly, in case frequency out of limit operation, the function activates a trip signal (Trip_fmax or Trip_fmin). The activation of any of the four trip signals activates a general trip signal (Trip) that is used to disconnect the plant from the grid.

Figure 24 shows the function block and Figure 25 a detailed diagram. The voltage limits are defined by two curves, one for the maximum limits and another one for the minimum limits. Each curve is defined by 3 time-voltage points ordered by increasing time and decreasing voltage, for the maximum limit curve, and increasing voltage for the minimum limit curve. The definition of the frequency limits is done in a similar way.

The function detects when the voltage and or the frequency is out of limits, registers the time associated with the event, calculates the corresponding maximum and minimum limit, and activates the corresponding trip signal when the limits are exceeded. The user can access all these variables by their corresponding name, indicated in Table 16.

Figure 24. Fault detection logic & converter operational function



Figure 25. Fault detection logic & converter operational limits operation diagram

The voltage disturbance detection signal (VDFlag) activates the internal Sample & Hold block and changes the state of the input selectors of Figure 26 to change the behavior of the converter from PQ control to VFRT control.

After the voltage disturbance disappears, when the voltage is withing normal operation limits, the Reset signal is activated and a timer starts. When the time is equal to the voltage recovery time (parameter VRtime), the signal VDFlag deactivates and the converter returns to normal PQ control.

Figure 26. PQ control or LVRT control selector

The function parameters are detailed in Table 18.

Vgridt

Pgrid SH

> Vmax

< Vmin

P0

Trip

fgridt

V(p.u.)

1 23

t

Non disconnection zoneVrated

1 2

3

f(p.u.)

1 2

3

t

Non disconnection zonefrated

1 2

3

t Vmax

Vmax Limit

Curve

t Vmin

Vmin Limit

Curve

t fmax

fmax Limit

Curve

t fmin

fmin Limit

Curve

VDFlag

< Vmax

> Vmin

Reset

Trip_Vmax

Trip_Vmin

Trip_fmax

Trip_fmin

Vmax_3V

Vmin_3V




VRtime 0 s Voltage Recovery Time

Vmax_1t 0 p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 1 t

Vmax_1V 1.2 p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 1 V

Vmax_2t 0.02 p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 2 t


Vmax_3t 2 p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 3 t


Vmin_1t 0 p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 1 V

Vmin_1V 0 p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 1 t


Vmin_2V 0 p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 2 t


Vmin_3V 0.85 p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 3 t

fmax_1t 0.2 p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 1 t

fmax_1f 1.06 p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 1 f

fmax_2t 100 p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 2 t


fmax_3t 100 p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 3 t


fmin_1t 0.2 p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 1 t

fmin_1f 0.92 p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 1 f

fmin_2t 100 p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 2 t


fmin_3t 100 p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 3 t


Table 18. Parameters of the fault detection and converter operational limits function

10.2.1 Switch and Out of Service Events

When the fault detection function detects a voltage and/or frequency out of limit operation, it activates the Trip signal, changing its value from 0 to 1. This change is used to call five predefined events that the user must have created in the DSL common model of the converter. If these events are not created, the Trip condition will be signaled but the plant will remain connected to the network. The events have to be defined as indicated in Table 19.



Name Type Element affected

Trip_Plant Switch Event Plant Breaker

Control_Out_Of_Service Outage Event Control DSL Common Model

Converter_Out_Of_Service Outage Event Converter DSL Common Model

Measurements_Out_Of_Service

Outage Event Measurement DSL Common

Model

PV_Panel_Out_Of_Service Outage Event PV Panel DSL Common Model

Table 19. Events of the Converter DSL Common Model

Only the first event is mandatory to disconnect the plant from the grid. The other four are optional, if they are created, all the signals of the DSL common models will go to zero if the plant is tripped. All the events are activated 20 ms after they are called.

For example, if a composite model named “PV Plant” is defined as indicated in Figure 27, in the DSL common model of the converter, named “Plant Converter”, the user has to create the events as indicated in Figure 28.

Figure 27. Composite model example



Figure 28. Example of definition of events in the Converter DSL common model

Figure 29. Example of the switch event named “Trip_Plant”

10.3 Converter current limits

The current injected by the converter is limited according to the converter maximum current rating. This function calculates the active and reactive current limits, depending on the value of the PQpriority parameter, and limits the current commands. The function block diagram is shown in Figure 30, and the function parameters are detailed in Table 20.



Figure 30. Current limiting function block diagram


Imax 1 p.u. Converter Maximum Current Rating

PQpriority 1 P,Q Priority Flag (0-P Priority; 1-Q Priority)

Table 20. Parameters of the current limiting function



10.4 High/Low Voltage Fault Ride Through operation mode

This function controls the behavior of the converter in case of a high or low voltage condition in the grid. Figure 31 shows the function block and Figure 32 a detailed diagram.

Figure 31. VFRT function block diagram

Figure 32. LVFRT management block diagram

The magnitude of the current injection depends on the grid voltage. For the reactive component, the user has to define a 7 V-Iq point table. This table has to be ordered according to the numbering indicated in Figure 32. The function calculates the reactive current command using linear interpolation. For the active component, the user has to define a 3 V-Id point table. This table has to be ordered by increasing values of voltage and increasing values of current, as indicated in Figure 32. The function calculates the active current command using linear interpolation.

Vgrid

Id_LVRT

Iq_LVRT

Id(p.u.)

Iq (V)

V(p.u.)0 0.5 0.95

1 2

3

Id (V,P0)

P0

V(p.u.) Id(p.u.) V(p.u.) Iq(p.u.)

4

3

2

1

5

6

7



The function parameters are detailed in Table 21.


Iq_LV_1V 0.80 p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Iq_LV_1I 0.44 p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 1 Iq


Iq_LV_2I 1 p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 2 Iq



Iq_LV_4V 0 p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 4 V


Iq_HV_1V 1.15 p.u. Iq HVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Iq_HV_1I 0 p.u. Iq HVFRT Curve Point 1 Iq





Id_LV_1V 0 p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Id_LV_1I 0 p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 1 Id

Id_LV_2V 0.5 p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 2 V


Id_LV_3V 0.95 p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 3 V


Table 21. Parameters of the VFRT function



11. STATIC GENERATOR SLOT

This slot injects the active and reactive current references into the network bus where the PV Plant model is connected. The slot signals are shown in Table 22.

Signal


id_ref input p.u. Active Current Reference

iq_ref input p.u. Reactive Current Reference

cosref

input Cosine Value of Voltage Angle

sinref input Sine Value of Voltage Angle

Table 22. Signals of the Static Generator Slot

The network element in the composite model of the PV Plant has to be a Static Generator element (class ElmGenStat). For RMS simulation, the Static Generator has five parameters. It is recommended to change the value of the parameter “Min. Operation Voltage” to 0 and leave the rest unchanged.



12. ANNEX I. MODEL DATASHEET

Model Frame: “Frame Ingecon PV system”

Slots: Slot 0. Static Generator. Built-in model of a Static Generator.

Slot 1. Converter Module. Common model with Block Definition “BlkDef Converter Module”.

Slot 2. Control Module. Common model with Block Definition “BlkDef Control Module”.

Slot 3. PV Panel Module. Common model with Block Definition “BlkDef PV Panel Module”.

Slot 4. Measurement Module. Common model with Block Definition “BlkDef Measurement

Module”.

Slot 5. V & F Control Bus. Built-in model of a Voltage Measurement.

Slot 6. V Inverter Bus. Built-in model of a Voltage Measurement.

Slot 7. P & Q Inverter Bus. Built-in model of a PQ Measurement.

Slot 8. Phase Meas. Built-in model of a Phase Measurement Device PLL.

Slot 0. Static Generator. Built-in model “Static Generator”

Signal


id_ref input p.u. Active Current Reference

iq_ref input p.u. Reactive Current Reference

cosref

input Cosine Value of Voltage Angle

sinref input Sine Value of Voltage Angle

Signals of the Static Generator Built-in Model

Slot 1. Converter Module. Block Definition “BlkDef Converter Module”


fgridt input p.u. Instantaneous Grid Frequency

Vgridt input p.u. Instantaneous Grid Voltage


Pcmd input p.u. Active Power Command Reference

Vinv input p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Inverter Voltage

Qcmd input p.u. Reactive Power Command Reference

Vgrid input p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Control Voltage

Reset output Active Power Ramp Limit Reset Signal

id output p.u. Active Current Reference

iq output p.u. Reactive Current Reference

idcmd output p.u. Active Current Command. Normal Operation

iqcmd output p.u. Reactive Current Command. Normal Operation

id_VFRT output p.u. Active Current Command. HLVFRT Operation



iq_VFRT output

p.u. Reactive Current Command. HLVFRT Operation

idmax output p.u. Active Current Max. Limit

idmin output p.u. Active Current Min. Limit

iqmax output p.u. Reactive Current Max. Limit

iqmin output p.u. Reactive Current Min. Limit

VDFlag output Voltage Disturbance Detection Flag

P0 output p.u. Pre Disturbance Active Power Output

Trip output Trip Signal

Trip_Vmax output Max Voltage Trip Signal

Trip_Vmin output Min Voltage Trip Signal

Trip_fmax output Max Frequency Trip Signal

Trip_fmin output Min Frequency Trip Signal

V_Max_Limit

output p.u.

V Max Limit

V_Min_Limit output p.u. V Min Limit

f_Max_Limit output p.u. f Max Limit

f_Min_Limit output p.u. f Min Limit

Time_Vmax output s Time of V Max Event

Time_Vmin output s Time of V Min Event

Time_fmax output s Time of f Max Event

Time_fmin output s Time of f Min Event

Signals of the Converter Module Common Model


Tp s Converter Time Constant for Id Command

Tq s Converter Time Constant for Iq Command

Imax p.u. Converter Maximum Current Rating

PQpriority P,Q Priority Flag (0-P Priority; 1-Q Priority)

VRtime s Voltage Recovery Time

Vmax_1t p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 1 t

Vmax_1V p.u. V Max Limit Curve Point 1 V







Vmin_1t p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 1 V

Vmin_1V p.u. V Min Limit Curve Point 1 t





fmax_1t p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 1 t

fmax_1f p.u. f Max Limit Curve Point 1 f





fmin_1t p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 1 t

fmin_1f p.u. f Min Limit Curve Point 1 f





Iq_LV_1V p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Iq_LV_1I p.u. Iq LVFRT Curve Point 1 Iq







Iq_HV_1V p.u. Iq HVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Iq_HV_1I p.u. Iq HVFRT Curve Point 1 Iq





Id_LV_1V p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 1 V

Id_LV_1I p.u. Id LVFRT Curve Point 1 Id







Parameters of the Converter Module Common Model

Name Type Element affected

Trip_Plant Switch Event Plant Breaker

Control_Out_Of_Service Outage Event Control DSL Common Model

Converter_Out_Of_Service Outage Event Converter DSL Common Model

Measurements_Out_Of_Service

Outage Event Measurement DSL Common

Model

PV_Panel_Out_Of_Service Outage Event PV Panel DSL Common Model

Events of the Converter Module Common Model

Slot 2. Control Module. Block Definition “BlkDef Control Module”


fgrid input p.u. Measured Frequency

fref input reference p.u. Frequency Reference

Pred Input reference p.u. Active Power Reduction Reference

Ppv input p.u. PV Panels Agregated Output Power

Pmax input p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Pmin input p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Reset input Active Power Ramp Limit Reset Signal

Qref input reference p.u. Reactive Power Reference

Tanphi input reference Power Factor (Tan) Reference


Pref input reference p.u. Active Power Reference for Voltage Control

Vgrid input p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Control Voltage

Vref input reference p.u. Voltage Reference for Voltage Control

Pcmd output p.u. Active Power Command Reference

Qcmd output p.u. Reactive Power Command Reference

Qpf output

p.u. Reactive Power Command in Power Factor Control Mode

Qp output p.u. Reactive Power Command in P Control Mode

Qv output p.u. Reactive Power Command in Q Control Mode

Qmax output p.u. Maximum Reactive Power Limit

Qmin output p.u. Minimum Reactive Power Limit

Signals of the Control Module Common Model


dbfreq p.u. Primary Response Deadband



R p.u. Droop

df_step p.u. Transition from Small to Large Frequency Deviation Response

P_step p.u. Active Power Response to Large Frequency Deviation

d_ppr_max p.u. Max. Active Power Limit for Primary Response

d_ppr_min p.u. Min. Active Power Limit for Primary Response

Ramp_pr p.u./s Primary Regulation Response Ramp

H s Inertia Constant

Th s Inertial Response Time Constant

d_pin_max p.u. Max. Active Power Limit for Inertial Response

d_pin_min p.u. Min. Active Power Limit for Inertial Response

Ramp_p p.u./s Active Power Ramp Limit

Reset_Ramp_p

Reset Ramp Output After LV Event (0-No;1-Yes)

QMode Q Mode Selector (1,2,3,4)

dbp p.u. Reactive Power P Control Deadband

Kp p.u. Reactive Power P Control Gain

dbv p.u. Voltage Control Deadband

Kv p.u. Voltage Control Gain

KpV p.u. Voltage PI Control Proportional Gain

KiV Voltage PI Control Integral Gain

Ramp_q p.u./s Reactive Power Ramp Limit

QLV1 p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 V

QLV1Qmax p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 Qmax

QLV1Qmin p.u. Q Limit Curve Point 1 Qmin







Parameters of the Control Module Common Model



Slot 3. PV Panel Module. Block Definition “BlkDef PV Panel Module”


Pout input refence p.u. PV Panels Agregated DC Power

Ppv ouput p.u. PV Panels Agregated Output Power

Ppvmax ouput p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Ppvmin ouput p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Signals of the PV Panel Module Common Model


Pmax p.u. PV Plant Maximum Output Power

Pmin p.u. PV Plant Minimum Output Power

Parameters of the PV Panel Module Common Model

Slot 4. Measurement Module. Block Definition “BlkDef Measurement Module”

Signal


v input p.u. Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude

f input p.u. Frequency Magnitude

p input p.u. Positive Sequence Active Power

q input p.u. Positive Sequence Reactive Power

Vgrid output p.u. Measured Positive Sequence Voltage

fgrid output p.u. Measured Frequency

Pgrid output p.u. Measured Active Power

Qgrid output p.u. Measured Reactive Power

Signals of the Measurement Module Common Model


Tv 0.02 s Control Voltage Filter Time Constant

Tf 0.02 s Frequency Filter Time Constant

Tp 0.02 s Active Power Filter Time Constant

Tq 0.02 s Reactive Power Filter Time Constant

Parameters of the Measurement Module Common Model



Slot 5. V & F Control Bus. Built-in model “Voltage Measurement”

Signal


u output p.u. Positive Sequence Voltage Magnitude

fe output p.u. Frequency Magnitude

Signals of the Voltage Measurement Built-in Model

Slot 6. V Inverter Bus. Built-in model “Voltage Measurement”

Signal


u output p.u. Positive Sequence Inverter Voltage Magnitude

Signals of the Voltage Measurement Built-in Model

Slot 7. P & Q Control Bus. Built-in model “PQ Measurement”

Signal


p output p.u. Positive Sequence Active Power

q output p.u. Positive Sequence Reactive Power

Signals of the PQ Measurement Built-in Model

Slot 8. Phase Meas. Built-in model “Phase Measurement Device PLL”

Signal


cosphi

output Cosine Value of Voltage Angle

sinphi output Sine Value of Voltage Angle

Signals of the Phase Measurement Device PLL Built-in Model


Kp 50 Controller Gain

Ki 3 Integration Gain

fmax 1.2 p.u. Upper Frequency Limit

fmin 0.8 p.u. Lower Frequency Limit

Parameters of the Phase Measurement Device PLL Built-in Model

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