1 Practical implications of the BWin judgment by: Justin Franssen.
Why Shakespeare Wrote Shakespeare Paul Franssen Utrecht University.
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Transcript of Why Shakespeare Wrote Shakespeare Paul Franssen Utrecht University.
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Why Shakespeare Wrote Shakespeare
Paul Franssen
Utrecht University
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Why Shakespeare wrote Shakespeare
• 1. paper trail
• 2. testimonies of contemporaries that WS was an author
• 3. dating
• 4. Stratford and Shakespeare’s private life reflected in the works
• 5. the problem with conspiracy theories
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1. The paper trail
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Shakespeare’s baptism
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Shakespeare’s Coat of Arms 1596
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The Stratford Grammar School
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Lost years, 1585 - 1592
• Starting his acting career in London?
• Taking care of the horses outside the theatre?
• Being a schoolmaster in the country?
• Working as a lawyer’s apprentice?
• Visiting the continent, accompanying an aristocratic gentleman, or as a student at a Catholic college?
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The First Folio, 1623
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Leonard Digges on Shakespeare’s “Stratford Monument”
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Shakespeare as a witness
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2. Witnesses of Shakespeare’s Authorship
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Records of the Revels Office,1604-1605
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Robert Greene, 1592
• …for there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tygers heart wrapt in a players hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes Factotum, is in his own conceit the onely Shake-scene in a countrie.
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Francis Meres, 1598
…the sweete wittie soule of Ovid lives in mellifluous & honeytongued Shakespeare, witness his Venus and Adonis, his Lucrece, his sugred Sonnets. … Shakespeare among the English is the most excellent in both kinds for the stage; for Comedy, witness his Gentlemen of Verona, his Errors, his Love labors lost, his Love labours wonne, his Midsummers night dreame,& his Merchant of Venice: for Tragedy his Richard the 2. Richard the 3. Henry 4. King John, Titus Andronicus and his Romeo and Juliet.
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The Return from Parnassus I, 1598
Gullio: Let this duncified worlde esteeme of Spencer and Chaucer, Ile worship sweet Mr Shakspeare, and to honoure him will lay his Venus and Adonis under my pillowe. (4.1)
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Gabriel Harvey, 1598-1603
The younger sort takes much delight in Shakespeares Venus, & Adonis: but his Lucrece, & his tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke, have it in them, to please the wiser sort.
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3. Dating the Canon
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Some dates
• Death of Oxford: June 1604
• Wreck of the Sea Venture: 1609
• Pamphlets: late 1610
• The Tempest first performed at Court: late 1611
• Death of Shakespeare: 1616
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Some parallels
• Storm drives apart a fleet of ships, one of which contains the aristocratic leader
• After the shipwreck, conspiracies among the ordinary sailors.
• St. Elmo’s fire.
• “glut” and “bosky”
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4. Stratford and Shakespeare’s Private Life
Possible autobiographical elements in the works
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Prospero to Ferdinand:
If thou dost break [Miranda’s] virgin-knot before All sanctimonious ceremonies mayWith full and holy rite be ministered,
….barren hate,Sour-eyed disdain, and discord shall bestrew The union of your bed with weeds so loathly
That you shall hate it both.(Tempest 4.1.15-22)
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Duke Orsino to Cesario/Viola:
….. Let still the woman takeAn elder than herself. So wears she to him;So sways she level in her husband’s heart.
(Twelfth Night 2.4.29-30).
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Whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will,And Will to boot, and Will in overplus …
sonnet 135
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Make but my name thy love, and love that still,And then thou lov’st me for my name is Will.
Sonnet 136
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Those lips that Love’s own hand did make,Breathed forth the sound that said “I hate”
…………………………………………………..….“I hate” from hate away she threw,And saved my life, saying “not you.”
Sonnet 145
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What, would you make me mad? Am I not Christopher Sly, old Sly’s son of Burton Heath, by birth a peddler …..?
Ask Marian Hacket, the fat ale-wife of Wincot,if she know me not.
Shrew Induction.2.15-18.
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5. The problem with conspiracy theories
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The Stratford Monument
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Part of legend below bust:
Stay passenger, why goest thou by so fast?
Read if thou canst, whom envious death hath plast,
Within this monument Shakspeare: with whome
Quick nature dide: whose name doth decke the tombe,
Far more then cost: si[t]h all, that he hath writt,
Leaves living art, but page, to serve his witt.
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