"Why is Africa (still) Poor?" by Ruth Haug (Professor, Development, UMB)
-
Upload
andre-ulianov -
Category
News & Politics
-
view
487 -
download
3
description
Transcript of "Why is Africa (still) Poor?" by Ruth Haug (Professor, Development, UMB)
Why is Africa (still) poor?
Professor Ruth Haug
Noragric/UMB
April 2013
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Why is Africa (still) poor? Historical
Cultural
Economic
Political
Violent Conflicts
Climate, Natural resources
Population increase
Social/Gender equity
Structural
Timing
Bad luck
Africa is not poor. Africa is just poorly managedArchitect Mumo Museva, Kenya
3
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Global Monitoring Reports 2012:(WB&IMF, 2012; UNDP/MDG, 2012)
--MDG 1 on poverty is met.No of people living in extreme poverty & poverty rates fell in every developing region—including Africa. In the developing regions, the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day* from 47 % (1990) to 24 % (2008). *In Africa: 386 million poor (47%) 2008.
--MDG 1 on hungerOnly 40 out of 90 countries are on track to reach the MDG 1 on hunger.
4
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
The State of Food Insecurity in the World (FAO, 2012; UNDP 2012)
870 mill people are undernourished (in terms of dietary
energy supply) in the period 2010–12. 12.5 % of the global population, or one in eight people. Of these, 852 mill people live in developing countries.
More than one in four Africans - close to 218 million people - is undernourished
5
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no 6
Africa can feed the worldThe president of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Dr Kanayo Nwanze claims that, by focusing on farming, Africa has the potential to feed not only itself but the rest of the world (www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-
matters/2011/jul/27/africa-potential-to-feed-world)•
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Poverty and Food Insecurity
Underlying causes of food insecurity in Africa:
– Misguided policies
– Weak institutions
– Market failure (UNDP, 2012)
Structural causes and neglect of agro-investment in developing countries (Diouf, 2011)
There is no such thing as an
apolitical food problem. (Aamartya Sen)
7
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Securing availability and affordability of food in Tanzania (Haug & Hella 2013)
Poverty and food insecurity– Poverty 34% (37%)
– Food insecurity 34% (44%?)
Agricultural development– Low ag productivity
– 80% employed in farming
Food and agriculture policy– Mix state control and market liberalism
– Farmers pay the price of food security?
– Trust, predictability and accountability
8
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Food dilemmas framing future food policy (Haug, 2011)
Confusion around present/future food situation
Balancing the food prices
Global food policy failure – national actions
Political problem – technical solutions
”Food and Fredom” Democracy-the Arabic spring
The African agriculture disaster
Food relief and long term ag. Development
Agro-investment and land grabbing
Climate change “The Global Food Waste Scandal” (Tristram Stuart/Sofie
price)
9
NO
RW
EG
IAN
UN
IVER
SIT
Y O
F LIF
E S
CIE
NC
ES
www.umb.no
Making a difference
Re-imagine development:
Keep challenging our assumptions and theories of change about development (IDS Bulletin,
2011; John Lennon, 1971)
Uncertainty: Chaos and complexity
–“Crisis” needed to initiate action?
–Diverse responses needed 10