Why does the Renaissance Occur? Rediscovery of Classical Greece and Rome Dante’s publication of...
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Transcript of Why does the Renaissance Occur? Rediscovery of Classical Greece and Rome Dante’s publication of...
Why does the Renaissance Occur?
• Rediscovery of Classical Greece and Rome• Dante’s publication of the Divine Comedy in
the Italian vulgate• Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press
What effect does it have?
• Development of artistic formulas• Study of optics-single point perspective, three-
dimensional techniques• Emphasis on human anatomy and proportion• Commemoration of the individual• Greater exploration of those capabilities-
engineering
Lorenzo Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac,
1401-02
• use of the Classical nude as a model-1st since antiquity
• Interest in depth-fore, middle, and background
• Foreshortening of figures
• Very emotionally charged representation of the story
• Contest shows a new concept of religious art commissions
Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise, 1424-52
• Gilded panels of Old Testament scenes
• Flat grounds and backdrops are abandoned in favor of spatial illusion
Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise Detail, 1424-52
• Increasing interest in Linear perspective and spatial arrangement of objects
• Single-point perspective, orthogonal converge toward a vanishing point
• Developing study of optics
• Classical setting
Donatello, David, 1428-32• Commissioned and owned by the
Medici family for their courtyard• symbol of Florence-represents
their history as the smaller victor over larger city-states
• first freestanding male nude bronze since antiquity
• Highly idealized state of nudity-youthful and androgynous
Polykleitos,Doryphoros,
450 BCGreece
Massaccio, Holy Trinity, 1428
• Monumental use of one-point perspective: coffered barrel vault
• Structures composition in triangular form
• Focus on mortality and salvation• “I was once what you are, and
what I am you will become”
Massaccio, Tribute Money, 1427• Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine• Gesture suggests emotion• Illusion of depth: one point perspective, color saturation,
chiaroscuro
Bernardo Rossellino,Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, 1445-50•Leonardo Bruni, Humanist scholar and chancellor of Florence from 1427-44•Iconography places the figure in classical Rome-•One single Christian element-Virgin and Child in the tondo•Glorification of an individual-was given a state funeral in the ancient Roman customs•Revives the Roman virtues of honoring human achievement
Leon Battista Alberti, Sant’Andrea, Mantua, Italy, 1470•Commissioned by the Marquis of Mantua•Housed a relic of the Blood of Christ•Regulations: 1. must accommodate masses of pilgrims 2. must allow visitors to see the altar at mass 3. Must be cost effective•Set up on a system of proportions-the module-basic unit of measurement
•Incorporates two elements from antiquity: triumphal arch and temple pediment•Coffered, barrel-vaulted arch on facade
Andrea Mantegna, Ceiling of the Camera degli Sposi, 1474
•Image is perceived “di sotto in su”-seen from beneath•Foreshortened putti in oculus
•“Trempe l’oeil” painting: “fools the eye”
•Reminiscent of Classical Roman interiors
Atmospheric Perspective
• Atmospheric interference with visual perception causes loss of contrast, detail and sharp focus. It tends to make objects seem to take on a blue-gray color as they move farther away.
Limbourg Brothers, Les Tres Riches Heures du Jean, Duc de Berry,
France, 1411-16
The Very Rich Hours of John, the Duke of Berry
February
February
Apr. May
Oct. Nov.
Printmaking -- Woodcut
• The design is cut into a wood block leaving the raised surfaces to be inked and print.