Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic

Digester System Planning

Steven I. Safferman, Ph.D., P.E.

SteveS@msu.edu

517-432-0812

http://www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma

The 2013 Forum on Anaerobic Digester Production of Energy: New

Opportunities for Projects in Michigan

November 26, 2013

Ed Bissell3, Justin Booth3, Younsuk Dong1, Louis Faivor1,

Tania Howard6, Bill Kundson5, Joel Lenz3, Wei Liao1, Yan

“Susie” Liu1, Steve Miller1, Greg Mulder4, David

Ronk7,Christopher Saffron1, Jason Schneemann2, Jason

Smith1, James Szymusiak7, Michael Thomas8, David Wall1,

1Michigan State University (MSU), Department of Biosystems Engineering 2MSU Chemical Engineering 3MSU RS&GIS 4Coffman Electrical Equipment 5MSU Product Center 6State of Michigan DELEG Bureau of Energy Systems 7Consumers Energy 8MSU School of Planning, Design, and Construction

Primary Participants

Contents

• Evolution of Waste Management

• Waste as a Resource

• Anaerobic Digestion – Waste to Resource

• Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan?

• Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool

Step 1. Set objectives

Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO

Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential

Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix

Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment

Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment

Step 7: Nutritional value

Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential

• Cost and Design Data

• Further Information

From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000

Evolution of Waste Management

Evolution of Waste Management

From: Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals and Practice, Bishop,2000

Evolution of Waste Management

Bioproducts

CH4 (50 – 60%)

CO2 (40 – 50%)

Other? (Trace)

Heat

Electricity

Natural Gas

Flare

Fiber

Water

Nutrients

Environmental Benefits

Nutrient Management

Pathogen Reduction

Nuisance Avoidance

Greenhouse Gas Reduction

Renewable Energy

Landfill Alternative

Biogas

Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource

Stable Operation, No Amendments

Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource

Kestutis Navickas. 2007. Bioplin Tehnologija in Okolje,

Anaerobic Digestion - Waste to Resource

Relative US population1: 8th largest

Split between rural/urban2: 19%/81% (75% of land mass)

Percent of population with sewers3: 60%

Milk production4: 8th in nation

Food processing5: 1,841 licensed food processors, generates

$25 billion annually

Global climate7: climate is moderating

Water resources6: 84% in N. America provided

by Great Lakes

1US Census: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0014.pdf 2State of MI, Michigan Rural Health, Profile: A Report on the Health Trends and Resources of Rural

Michigan 1990-2005 www.michigan., MI Department of Community Health,

http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/MichiganRuralHealthProfile-2008-0801_243955_7.pdf 3Michigan in Brief Water Quality, Glossary, http://www.michiganinbrief.org/edition07/Chapter5/WaterQuality.htm 4 MI Farm Bureau, A Look at Michigan Agriculture, http://www.agclassroom.org/kids/stats/michigan.pdf 5State of MI, Michigan’s Food & Agriculture Industry, http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdard/1262-AgReport-

2012_2_404589_7.pdf). 6US EPA, Great Lakes, Basic Informationhttp://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/basicinfo.html

7US EPA, Climate Change, Midwest, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/midwest.html

Why Anaerobic Digestion in Michigan? Anaerobic

Digester System Planning

ADDIT

Anaerobic Digestion Development Iterative Tool

Step 1: Set objectives

Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO

Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential

Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix

Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment

Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment

Step 7: Nutritional value

Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential

ADDIT Steps

Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters

1. Set Objectives

2. Evaluate Site

• Resource production

• Byproduct utilization

• Environmental protection

• Nuisance avoidance

• Combination

Screen Site Yes/No Criteria

Michigan Waste Biomass Inventory

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3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

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http://mibiomass.rsgis.msu.edu/

3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

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http://mibiomass.rsgis.msu.edu/

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Technical Appendix

3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

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3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

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3. Locate Feedstocks and Estimate Energy Potential

Step 1: Set objectives

Step 2: Evaluate site: YES/NO

Step 3: Locate feedstocks and estimate energy potential

Step 4: Qualitative evaluation: weighted decision matrix

Step 5: Theoretical energy potential assessment

Step 6: Preliminary costs/benefits assessment

Step 7: Nutritional value

Step 8: Verification of theoretical biogas potential

ADDIT Steps

Iterative Process to Site and Screen Digesters

Tiered, Weighted Decision Support Matrix

• Electrical infrastructure and interconnection: line, 3

phase, and substation adequacy

• Projected project cost

• Financial arrangements including business plan and

byproduct utilization

• Feedstock availability, consistency and cleanliness

• Feedstock and residual transportation

• Site environmental considerations

• Site socioeconomic considerations

4. Qualitative Evaluation

5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment

Data Entry

Default Tables

5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment

• Available from multiple sources of biomass

• Transportation

• Heat

5. Theoretical Energy Potential Assessment

• Capital

• Anaerobic digestion

• Generator

• Interconnection

• Financing

• Operation and maintenance

• Revenue

• Heat

• Renewable energy certificates

• Carbon credits

• Digestate

• Nutrient management (increasing

number of animals)

• Tipping fees

• Others

• Estimated, approximated value of

electricity

6. Preliminary Costs/Benefits Assessment

BLEND

7. Nutritional Value

C:N:P

100/4.3/0.9*

*Bouallagui, H., O. Haouari, Y. Touhami, R.

Ben Cheikh, L. Marouani, and M. Hamdi. 2004.

Effect of Temperature on the Performance of

an Anaerobic Tubular Reactor Treating Fruit

and Vegetable Waste. Process Biochemistry

39(12): 2143-2178.

Balance

• COD (soluble)

• Ammonia

• Metals

• pH

• Alkalinity

• C/N/P

• Toxicity

Micro Nutrient • K2HPO4

• NH4Cl

• CaCl2•2H2O

• MgCl2•6H2O

• FeCl2•4H2O

• MnCl2•4H2O

• H3BO3

• ZnCl2

• CuCl2

• Na2MoO4•2H

2O

• CoCl2•6H2O

• NiCl2•6H2O

• Na2SeO

• NaHCO3

Collect samples and verify energy

production is close to that predicted

8. Verification of Theoretical Biogas Potential

Cost and Design Data

MSU Field Demonstration and Research Anaerobic Digestion/Algal Cultivation System

Green Meadow Farm Anaerobic Digesters ADREC High-Bay

www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma/

Further Information

Steven Safferman

SteveS@msu.edu

517-432-0812 www.egr.msu.edu/~safferma/