Why an objective intelligibility assessment ?
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Why an objective intelligibility assessment ?
Catherine Middag
Jean-Pierre Martens
Gwen Van Nuffelen
Marc De Bodt
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Speech intelligibility
The degree to which a listener understands the auditory signal produced by a speaker
Duffy 2007
Different linguistic levels: phoneme – word – sentence – connected speech
Clinical relevance?
Model of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO, 2001)
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body functions and structures
phonatory, articulatory, resonatory and respiratory
muscles
activity
speech intelligibility
environmental factors personal factors
participation
health condition
e.g. dysarthria
Index of severity
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Golden standard
Perceptual intelligibility assessments
Scaling: rough overall index
Measurements (%): more accurate index, procedures and test materials can be standardized
Important for reliability and validity
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Reliability and validity
speakermessage
transmission system listener
targetinfluencing
factors
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Reliability and validity
transmission system: easy to control / standardize
listener: intelligibility score depends upon the listener’s• familiarity with speaker/ speaker’s accent/ cultural background/ pathology• familiarity with test items
test items: predictability
solutions
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Reliability and validity
large pool of test items & random selection e.g. Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (Yorkston, 1981)
non-existing words syntactically correct sentences conveying no meaningful message
e.g. Swedish Intelligibility Test (Lillvik, 1999)
Artificial Negative effect on naturalness
Dutch adult patients: Dutch Intelligibility Assessment (De Bodt et al. 2006)
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DIA
Intelligibility at phoneme level
50 consonant – vowel – consonant words
3 subtests:• A: initial consonants (19 words)• B: final consonants (15 words)• C: medial vowels/ diphthongs (16 words)
Measures to improve reliability• Balanced mix of existing and non-existing (well pronounceable) words• Large pool of test items: 25 lists of words / subtest• Random selection• In each list: one randomly selected phoneme occurs twice
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DIA
1 .op ø b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z
1. dop
2. nuis
3.
top
List A10
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Reliability and validity
Advantage of a speech technology based intelligibility assessment
• Computer replaces human listener• No need for a large pool of test items and random selection• No need for artificial features needed
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Space intelligibility tool
acoustic models of phonemes phonemic features
and/or
acoustic models of phonemes phonological features
articulatory dimensionse.g.: voice, place of articulation, manner of articulation, …
if these features are able to predict intelligibilitygood chance they can characterize the articulation of a pathological speaker
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Thank you!