VVWHOSE WATER IS THIS?

Challenges of participatory water management in Brazil: the case of Cantareira.

Fabiana BarbiMaster’s student at PROCAM – USP (University of Sao Paulo)

The Piracicaba, Capivari, Jundiai Watershed Committeeand the water permit renewal process of the Cantareira System.

Presentation ContentPresentation Content

1. Research context1. Research context

2. Research question2. Research question

3. Theoretical Approach3. Theoretical Approach

4. Research Directions4. Research Directions

5. Methodological Approach5. Methodological Approach

6. Conclusions6. Conclusions

Water Resources Management Units in SPWater Resources Management Units in SP

Piracicaba, Capivari, Jundiai WatershedPiracicaba, Capivari, Jundiai Watershed

The Region at a glanceThe Region at a glance

Second industrial pole in the countrySecond industrial pole in the country

Responsible for 7% of Gross Internal Responsible for 7% of Gross Internal ProductProduct

Around 5 million people in Around 5 million people in 15.320 km2 15.320 km2

74 municipalities (69 in SP74 municipalities (69 in SP and 5 in MG)and 5 in MG)

EnvironmentEnvironment Civil society began to worry about the Civil society began to worry about the

environment in this region in the 60’s, environment in this region in the 60’s, motivated by the fish kill due to river motivated by the fish kill due to river pollution.pollution.

This mobilization got stronger in the This mobilization got stronger in the 70’s with intense river pollution due to 70’s with intense river pollution due to industrial and demographical industrial and demographical development and the water diversion development and the water diversion to SP through the Cantareira System.to SP through the Cantareira System.

All this led to the creation of the All this led to the creation of the Consortium in 1989.Consortium in 1989.

Cantareira System - SPCantareira System - SP

Cantareira System - SP

The system was built in 1973 and is comprised of 07 dams, 07 water diversions and 48 km of tunnels and canals which allow, after the treatment at ETA Guaraú, the

distribution of 31 m3/s of water in the SP Metropolitan Region according to the water permit from 1974.

CAIEIRAS

MAIRIPORÃ

GUARULHOSARUJÁ

SUZANO

SÃO PAULO

V.G.PAUL.

ITAPEVÍ

COTIAEMBU

JANDIRA

S.B.DOCAMPO

S.LOURENÇO. DA SERRA

ITAP. DASERRA

Juquitiba

T.DASERRA

S.C.DO SUL

STO.ANDRÉ MAUÁ

R.PIRESR.G.SERRA

F.VAS.

POÁ

S. doParnaíba

SUZANO

Mogi das Cruzes

ITAQUA

OSASCO

P. B. JesusARUJÁ

F. DA ROCHA

Guararema

BiritibaMirim

Salesópolis

F. MORATO

CAIEIRAS

CARAP.

GUARULHOS

EMBUGUAÇU

DIADEMA.

São PauloOsasco

Carap.

Cotia

R.da Graça

Embu

Itap. DaSerra

EmbuGuaçu

S.Lourenço da Serra

ItapevíJandira

BARUERÍ

R.GuaraPiranga

R.Jundiaí

R.Biritiba Mirim

R.Paraitinga

R.P. NovaR. R. do

Campo

R.Billings

S.B.doCampo

DiademaSto.André

T. daSerra

R.P.Beicht

V.G. Paul.

Cajamar

MairiporãSta. Isabel

R.JuqueríF. da Rocha

F. Morato

Caieiras

Guarulhos

S.C.doSul

Mauá

R.Pires

R.G. Serra

F.Vas.

Poá

Suzano

Itaqua

Arujá

R.Taiaçupeba

R. Águas Claras

BARUERÍ

Sistema Cantareira

SistemaAlto Cotia

SistemaBaixo Cotia

SistemaGuarapiranga

Sistema Rio Claro

Sistema Alto Tietê

Sistema Rio Grande

49%

6%

1,3%

15%20%

1,7%

0,2%

Rib Estiva

Sistema Ribeirão

da Estiva

7%

Importância Relativa dos Sistemas Produtores

Reservoirs ImportanceReservoirs Importance

Research questionResearch question Facing the decentralization process in the Facing the decentralization process in the

water management and the possibility of water management and the possibility of different actors taking part in this process, different actors taking part in this process, the interest conciliation, cooperation capacity the interest conciliation, cooperation capacity among actors and conflict negotiation are among actors and conflict negotiation are necessary.necessary.

?? How the cooperation history among the ?? How the cooperation history among the PCJ Committee members contributed to PCJ Committee members contributed to strengthen its negotiation capacity in the strengthen its negotiation capacity in the

water permit renewal process of the water permit renewal process of the Cantareira System?Cantareira System?

Important ChangesImportant Changes

Water Management State System from 1991, Water Management State System from 1991, based in the French model.based in the French model. DecentralizedDecentralized SharedShared ParticipativeParticipative

Creation of the Watershed Committees.Creation of the Watershed Committees. Define strategies and projects on the watershed.Define strategies and projects on the watershed.

PCJ Committee was the first one in 1993.PCJ Committee was the first one in 1993.

PCJ Committee Structure

DirectoryDirectory

President; Vice-President; Executive Secretary

Technical Chamber of Planning (Plenary Members)

Civil SocietyCivil Society17 organizations

17 Votes

MunicipalitiesMunicipalities69 Mayors17 Votes

StateState17 Entities17 Votes

CT-PBCT-PB

Watershed Plan

CT-OLCT-OL

Permits and

licenses

CT-RNCT-RN

Natural resources conservati

on and protection

CT-SACT-SA

saniting

CT-ASCT-AS

Underground water

CT-IDCT-ID

Technology and research

difusion

CT-MHCT-MH

Hydrological monitoring

CT-SAMCT-SAM

Environmental

health

GA-Plano

GA-Rel. Sit.

CT-EACT-EA

Environmental

education

CT-RuralCT-Rural

Water use and

conservation in rural areasGT

CANTAREIRA

Water permit renewal processWater permit renewal process

Many actors involved Many actors involved with different with different interests.interests.

Negotiation lasted Negotiation lasted one and a half year.one and a half year.

The Cantareira PermitNow and Then

.

1974 – centralized 1974 – centralized decisiondecision

30 years permit30 years permit

Water priority to Sao Water priority to Sao Paulo M A (31 from 33 Paulo M A (31 from 33 mm33/s)/s)

Centralized Centralized management by management by SabespSabesp

2004 – participative 2004 – participative processprocess

10 years permit10 years permit

Gradual change in Gradual change in water priority (water bank, water priority (water bank, 6 m6 m33/s to PCJ)/s to PCJ)

Participatory Participatory managementmanagement

Research DirectionResearch DirectionThere is a satisfatory stock of There is a satisfatory stock of cooperation,cooperation, trust,trust, solidarity andsolidarity and reciprocity among the members in this reciprocity among the members in this

Committe Committe

so that they can build so that they can build institutional institutional arrangementsarrangements, adopting , adopting coordinated coordinated strategies strategies to negotiate solutions to to negotiate solutions to shared management problems, for shared management problems, for instance, in the case of the water permit instance, in the case of the water permit renewal.renewal.

Theoretical ApproachTheoretical Approach

““Much of the world is dependent on resources that are Much of the world is dependent on resources that are subject to the possibility of a tragedy of the commons.” subject to the possibility of a tragedy of the commons.” (E. Ostrom)(E. Ostrom)

““A group in an interdependence situation can organize A group in an interdependence situation can organize and govern in order to obtain joint continuous benefits and govern in order to obtain joint continuous benefits when they adopt coordinated strategies.” (E. Ostrom)when they adopt coordinated strategies.” (E. Ostrom)

Social capitalSocial capitalThe capacity that a group has to develop trust ties and The capacity that a group has to develop trust ties and cooperation networks in order to produce collective cooperation networks in order to produce collective goods.goods.

Methodological ApproachMethodological Approach

Cognitive social capital: trust, Cognitive social capital: trust, solidarity, reciprocity and solidarity, reciprocity and cooperation.cooperation.

Structural social capital: social Structural social capital: social networks.networks.

Coordinated strategies lead to Coordinated strategies lead to collective action – decision making, collective action – decision making, participation, resources mobilization participation, resources mobilization and management, communication and management, communication and conflict resolution.and conflict resolution.

ConclusionsConclusions

o The Cantareira system water use permit The Cantareira system water use permit renewal process opened important channels renewal process opened important channels of participation, allowing the Universities to of participation, allowing the Universities to play an important role.play an important role.

o The negotiation process strengthened the The negotiation process strengthened the Committee as a water management Committee as a water management organization and the water management organization and the water management system as a whole.system as a whole.

o It raised awareness in how people reflect on It raised awareness in how people reflect on the natural resources depletion.the natural resources depletion.

ReferencesReferences

Projeto Marca d’Agua: Projeto Marca d’Agua: wwwwww..marcadaguamarcadagua.org..org.brbr ANA: ANA: wwwwww..anaana.gov..gov.brbr CBH-PCJ: CBH-PCJ: wwwwww..comitepcjcomitepcj..spsp.gov..gov.brbr CONSORCIO: CONSORCIO: wwwwww..aguaagua.org..org.brbr DAEE: DAEE: www.daee.sp.gov.brwww.daee.sp.gov.br

Contact: Contact: fabarbi@terra.com.brfabarbi@terra.com.br