Where Are Agricultural Regions in LDCs?

C10K2

Objectives

• Shifting Cultivation• Pastoral Nomadism• Intensive Subsistence Agriculture• Plantation Farming

Shifting Cultivation?

• Where? Practiced in Humid Low-Latitude (high temps & abundant rainfall) South America, Central/West Africa, & SE Asia

• Characteristics: lash & burn agriculture or notching & swidden (small villages)

• 3 yr life span• Crops: rice, maize, cassava,

millet, sorghum, yams, sugarcane, plantain

Ownership of Land in Shifting

• Who? Owned by the villages/ villagers designated patches of land.

• Future of Shifting Cultivation: tropics are be deforested to make way for logging, ranching, & cash crops.

• Critics: 1) commercial farming causes irreversible damage 2) global warming 3) upsets traditional cultures

Pastoral Nomadism

• What? Is a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals

• Where? Dry climates that lack agriculture, SW Asia, N. Africa

• Uses? Provide milk, skins/ hair for clothing and tents

• Economics: size of their herd measurements of wealth and prestige, trade with subsistence farmers for grain, vegetables, fruits.

Migration & the Future of Pastoralist

• Territorial and based on access to water. transhumance: seasonal migration btw mountains & lowland pastures

• Future: declining form of agriculture bc of secondary role of traders is less prominent.

• Conflict: Governments want their lands.

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

• Where? In densely pop. Areas, farmers must work intensively to subsist on a parcel of land

• Inheritance & Space? Ratio of farmers to the land is high

• wet rice dominates: small % of land but large yields.

How is Rice Made?

How Rice is Grown

Other Rice Terms• Sawah/ paddy: field where

rice is grown• Husks or chaff is where the

rice seedlings are• Threshing: process of of

separating the heavier chaff from seedling.

• Winnowed is the remaining chaff being removed

• Hull is a rice’s outer covering• Double cropping: 2 crops in

one year

Intensive Subsistence:other than Rice

• Crops? Wheat, barley, corn, oats, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, hemp, tobacco

• Where? Dry colder climates (India’s interior & Northeast China

• Crop rotation to prevent exhaustion of soil

• Pros/Cons of communal vs privatization

Plantation Farming

• Where? Topics & subtropics of LDCs but owned & operated by MDCs

• Purpose? Commercial use: cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco, fruits and vegetables.

• Labor? Imported workers• Economy of the South

prior to Civil War