In order to ethically use information and avoid unintentional plagiarism, sources need to be cited when you: quote, paraphrase or include a summary of another author’s ideas.

WHEN TO CITE Belk Library

Any time you use someone else’s words, ideas, images, videos or other intellectual property you must give credit to the source. Even if you substantially change the original source of of information, you still need to provide a citation. Citations allow your audience to be able to find that source again.

Plagiarism, even if unintentional, can have serious consequences.

Being busy or claiming you “did not know” is not an excuse for failure to attribute your sources. Be advised: your teacher has tools for detecting plagiarism, including Turnitin.

In most cases, you will include an in-text citation, and also include a

full citation in the list of works cited (or bibliography).

Images from: Cantrell, Cheryl. "Fear Of Freedom: The Psychological Origins Of Tocqueville's Views On Religion." Journal Of Psychohistory 43.1 (2015): 21-36. Academic Search Complete. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

Attribute sources using: ●  Quotations ●  Paraphrases ●  Summarization ●  Signal phrases

Put the exact phrase in quotation marks.

Student Example:

She valued the power of thought “....there is no gate, no lock, no bolt that you can set upon the freedom of my mind.” (Woolf, p. 32)

Works Cited: Woolf, V. (1991). A room of one's own. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

Quotations

●  Re-state the author’s idea in your own words, using your own voice

Use when synthesizing a paragraph or a single concept

Student example: Homeless families need services including secure housing and help with finding employment. Those providing services should also be aware of the trauma many homeless people have experienced, including damaged family and community relationships. (Gültekin, Brush, Baiardi, Kirk, & VanMaldeghem, p. 408).

Original Text: Services currently in place for homeless families must not only address practical aspects of rehousing, strengthening personal management skills, and procuring sustainable employment for those who are homeless but also be trauma-informed, help build self-esteem, repair and rebuild family relationships, and develop healthy communities for future generations.

Works Cited: Gültekin, L., Brush, B. L., Baiardi, J. M., Kirk, K., & VanMaldeghem, K. (2014). Voices from the street: exploring the realities of family homelessness. Journal Of Family Nursing, 20(4), 390-414. doi:10.1177/1074840714548943

Paraphrases

Summarization

Summarizing is a lot like paraphrasing, but broader

It is an overview of a whole work, or a whole school of thought

Student example 1: Flaubert’s Madame Bovary is the tale of a dissatisfied housewife who has two affairs. She ends up with a lot of debt and, out of shame, she kills herself.

Works cited Flaubert, G., & Thorpe, A. (2013). Madame Bovary : provincial morals. New York : The Modern Library, 2013.

Student example 2: Socialism, as an economic system, is when the means of production is owned by the people. (Azria & Christiansen).

Works cited Economic Systems: Socialism. By: Azria, Seth M. Christiansen, Jonathan, Research Starters: Sociology (Online Edition), 2015

Signal Phrases

Tip: A signal phrase is a way to help you as writer introduce your audience to a source. Use this anytime you reference someone else’s words, ideas, images, videos or other intellectual property.

Example: "Johnson suggests that understanding those who ...." (Johnson, p.24)

Alternate signal phrase verbs: Acknowledges, adds, admits, agrees, argues, asserts, believes, claims, comments, compares, confirms, contends, declares, denies, disputes, emphasizes, endorses, grants, illustrates, implies, insists, notes, observes, points out, reasons, refutes, rejects, reports, responds, suggests, thinks, writes.

You should now know when to cite

●  Anytime you use someone else's ideas, words, images,

videos or other intellectual property

For more information on citation styles, visit the library’s citation guidelines page http://guides.library.appstate.edu/citation-guidelines

And the University Writing Center provides hands-on help http://writingcenter.appstate.edu/