Let's discuss:When do you think it is appropriate for the US to send soldiers to fight and face death on foreign soil? (Choose up to 3 of the following and briefly explain your choices) to assist an ally to protect territory to stop human rights abuses under no circumstances to acquire resources other (explain) to gain power to improve national security to spread or protect American values or beliefs to fight against tyrannical governments

What do YOU think...

1. What is imperialism?

Imperialism: The US emerges as an Empire

EQ: How and why did the US expand during the late

1800s/early 1900s?

A long history of American Expansion

•Monroe Doctrine (1823)-estab.

Foreign policy that opposed Euro. Influence in the W. Hemisphere

•Manifest Destiny (1830s, 40s)- idea

that Americans had the God-given right to expand to the Pacific Ocean (and beyond???)

Imperialism•Policy in which stronger nations extend

economic, political or military control over weaker territories

•Around the globe- Africa carved up by

European powers (only Liberia and Ethiopia indep.). Japan and Euro. Competing for influence in China

peer pressure=> American Imperialism (Why did the US want

to expand AGAIN?)•Desire for military strength- navy (islands in the Pacific and build up of ships)

•Need for New markets-industrialization=>need for more raw materials and new places to sell manuf. Goods

•Belief in cultural superiority- Social Darwinism and WASP superiority- want to spread Christianity and capitalism

William Seward

•Sec. of State for Lincoln and

Johnson (carriage accident/neck brace/stabbing)

•Arranged for US to buy Alaska

from Russia in 1867

•Congress made fun of

him…AK = “Seward’s Folly”

On ____L (or R) make a t-chartWhat are the pros and cons of expanding outside of the continental US?

US: Glue the project info. to ____R (underneath the notes)

-pick your topic out of the pumpkin...you CAN trade, but all topics must be covered by someone!

Let's discuss...

•Think for 30 seconds…

What can you buy for 2 cents?...maybe more than you think????

ALASKA-bought from Russia in 1867-”Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox”+a difficult sell to Congress-statehood in 1959-RICH in natural resources (timber, minerals, oil)*only 2¢/acre!

HAWAII-stopping point for Am. Merchants going to Asia=> Am. Owned sugar plantations-US built Pearl Harbor (naval base) on islands in 1887-Hawaiian leaders (like Queen Lili) forced to annex to the US in 1898 (under McKinley)-great geo. Location and nat. resources-1959, HI became 50th state in the US

Where in the World is Uncle Sam?

•Label the map provided (using the map from

your textbook/brain):The Philippines Samoa Islands Wake I.Puerto Rico Guam HaitiAlaska Cuba D.R.Hawaii Midway Island Virgin I USA Japan (Russia)China Panama (Spain)Mexico Colombia

Cuba Libre and Yellow Journalism

New York WorldJoseph Pulitzer

New York JournalWilliam Randolph Hearst

Why did these men exaggerate what was going on in Cuba?To sell papers!

“Declined with thanks”•Who is the large man in the cartoon? How does he look different than usual?

•Who is the tailor? What does National Tailors mean?

•What are on the stripes of Uncle Sam’s pants? What do all of the stripes have in common?

•What do the three men on the left represent? How does Uncle Sam respond?

•What does the caption mean about US HISTORY?

•Do you think that the cartoonist favors of opposes expansionism? Why?

Yellow Journalism during the Cuban conflict

•Spain put Cubans

in refugee camps!

•Spanish poisoned

Cuban water wells and Cuban children were fed to the sharks!

Tactics like this also ↑ public support to help Cuba

II. The Splendid Little WarWhat was the U.S.S. Maine doing in Cuba (before it blew up)? McKinley sent it to pick up American businessmen and their families in Havana.260+ men were killed. Who was to blame? No one knows. (Hearst offered a $50,000 reward to find the guilty Spaniards).

McKinley- Not in favor of a war, but headline “Remember the Maine” swayed public opinion => WAR!

The Spanish-American War, or “Splendid Little War” was fought on two fronts: the Caribbean and the Pacific. (see map p. 555)

•The war ended with the Treaty of Paris

The terms were:*Cuba is free, at least for a while.* Guam and Puerto Rico went from Spanish to American control.*US bought the Philippines from Spain for 20 million $.

Did all Americans agree with this war and American Imperialism in

general?•No!

•Imperialists (like TR) v. Anti-

Imperialists (Mark Twain)

Do we see similar trends today???

New War hero…

•Who are some former war heroes-turned-

presidents?

•Teddy Roosevelt emerged as a war hero

from the Spanish-American War as a member of the Rough Riders!

American Imperialism, cntd.

EQ: After the Spanish-American War, how was the US involved with Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines? How

did the US extend its military and economic power?

What was gained in the Splendid Little War?

•Guam, Puerto Rico,

the Philippines and Wake Island

*rebelled ag. US purchase in Treaty of Paris*Am. Soldiers treated Filipinos as inferior-> refugee camps*3 yrs. Of fighting, 100s of lives, $400 million(Became an indep. Rep. in 1946)

•Given indep.

After Span-Am war

•US forced

Cuba to sign Platt Amendment (gave US special privileges)

•Cuba was US

protectorate for 31 years

*↓ US cntl. after Span-Am war

*US military rule (treated PRs like children) -> civil gvn’t

*PRs granted citizenship in 1917

The Philippines

Cuba Puerto Rico

•Protectorate- A country that is partly

controlled by another (stronger) nation

•Emilio Aguinaldo- Filipino rebel

leader (believed that the US promised Filipino independence when fighting against the Spanish)

Leader of the Filipino

•Uprising.

•July 4, 1946:

•Philippine independence

On __L, answer the following questions:

1.What is on the menu?2.What President is portrayed by the waiter?

3.What is Uncle Sam’s attitude toward the menu?

Clip!

Crucible of an Empire: The Spanish American-War (1:20---

THINK: How did the US view the people of the Philippines (Filipinos)?

Why did the US want the Philippine Islands?

What role did public opinion play in the war?

Was there hay in China? •US Sec of State, John Hay, issued an Open Door Policy with China that stated that no major world power would have a monopoly on trade with China. He did this to protect the interests of American businesses. (1899)

Open Door Policy...

Why China?

Because China was (and is) a HUGE market, European nations and the US wanted a piece of the pie. Some groups, like the Boxers wanted to get rid of the “foreign

devils.”

•The Boxers- secret society that practiced martial arts (Euros. thought they were boxing). They killed 100s of missionaries, foreigners and Chinese Christians in 1900.

•The US and European forces put down the Boxer Rebellion (1900).

Anti-Imperialist League

-most Americans agreed with Imperialism (McKinley was reelected in 1900), but many prominent ppl. Were against it...

-Anti-Imperialist League argued that it was wrong for the US to rule other ppl. without their consent

(Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, Mark Twain, etc.)

US policy differences:

•China v. Philippines?

PEOPLE (markets)!

Location!

59L: Imperialism matching

___L

1 - 2 - 3 - 2 - 1

Sec. of State in China

“fronts” of the Spanish-American War

Reasons the US expanded AGAIN

NYC “yellow” newspapers

Really good real- estate deal (from Imperialism)

Write this on __ L

A man, a plan, a canal…Panama!

What do you notice about this phrase (other than it is awesome)?

It's a palindrome (backwards and forwards are the same)!Now stare at this cartoon:

EQ: What was Teddy Roosevelt's foreign policy?

Diplomacy: practice of interacting with other nations (international relations)

Rough Riders- pt. of volunteer cavalry • Cuba during Sp. Am. War. TR became war hero , then Pres. In 1901 (McKinley was shot)

Big-Stick Diplomacy- “Speak softly and carry a big stick” –used military (Navy) as intimidation (became policeman of W. Hem.)

Roosevelt Corollary- statement added to the Monroe Doctrine that said US would now use force to protect econ. interests in Latin America (1904)

Panama Canal- US supported Panamanian rebellion against Colombia in order to gain access to land for canal

43,000 workers employed in 1913¾ were black immigrants from the West Indies5,600 did from accidents and disease1,000 ships passed through the canal the 1st year (1914)$380 million total cost to the USCLIP

Taft

What do already know about him?

TAFT: “Dollar Diplomacy”Improve financial

•opportunities for American businesses.

•Used private capital to

•further U. S. interests

•overseas.•(Economic interests in Latin America)

Woodrow Wilson

�What do we already know about him?

Woodrow Wilson

•Missionary Diplomacy- WW said the US had a moral responsibility to deny recognition of L. Am. Gvn’t seen as oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to US interests

•Democracy- Wilson’s policy pressured other nations in W. Hem. To become democracies

•Countries in Latin America- judged by US gvn’t (had to be democratic and accepting of US to be recognized)

Woodrow Wilson and Mexico...