What’s Gender Stratification?

Inequalities of Gender and Age

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 1

“Unequal Access to Power, Prestige,

and Property on the Basis of Sex.”

What’s Gender Stratification?



Sex - Biological Characteristics

Female and Male

Primary and Secondary Sexual

Characteristics

Issues of Sex and Gender

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Gender - Social Characteristics

Masculinity and Femininity

Appropriate Behavior

Issues of Sex and Gender

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Dominant Position in Sociology

Social Factors Primary, Not Biological

If Biological Should Be Less Variation in Male

and Female Behavior across Cultures

Gender Differences In

Behavior Biology or Culture?



Origins of Patriarchy

Early On, Life was Short

Females Limited by Childbearing

Men Became Dominant as Hunters and Warriors

Weapons, Trade, and Knowledge gained from

Contact with Others Gave Men Power

How Females Became

a Minority Group



Fighting Back: The Rise of Feminism

First Wave - Early 1900s

Second Wave Began 1960s

Third Wave Emerging Now

Gender Inequality in the U.S.

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Figure 10.1 Page 257



Gender Inequality in Education

Gender Inequality in Health Care

Gender Inequality in the U.S.

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The Pay Gap

Gender Inequality

in the Workplace

Figure 10.6 - The Gender Gap, by Education. Page 261



Figure 10.7 - The Gender Gap Over Time: What Percentage of Men’s Income Do Women Earn? Page 262



The Glass Ceiling

The Glass Escalator

Gender Inequality

in the Workplace



Women Majority in Population

Women Underrepresented in

Law and Business Careers

Irregular Hours Incompatible

with Role as Mother

Changing Face of Politics

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Women Less Likely to have

Supportive Spouse

Men Reluctant to Incorporate

Women in Decision Making

Changing Face of Politics



Structural Barriers Coming Down

Abandoning Stereotypes

New Consciousness

Change in Relationships

Glimpsing the Future

With Hope

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Social Construction of Aging

Effects of Industrialization

Aging in Global Perspective

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Figure 10.9 - The Graying of the Globe. Page 270



Graying of America

Life Expectancy

Life Span

Aging in Global Perspective

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Figure 10.11 - The Graying of America: Americans Age 65 and Older. Page 271



Figure 10.12- The Median Age of the U.S. Population. Page 271



Ageism: The Concept

Shifting Meanings of Growing Old

Influence of the Mass Media

Symbolic Interactionist

Perspective



Disengagement Theory

Activity Theory

Continuity Theory

Functionalist Perspective



Social Security Legislation

Intergenerational Conflict

Conflict Perspective



Figure 10.15 - Fewer Workers Supporting a Larger Number of Retirees and Disabled Workers. Page 277



Figure 10.17 - Trends in Poverty. Page 280


The three main ―isms‖ in sociology is classism, racism & sexism.

Others include ageism, heterosexism, sizismand anti-intellectualism.

The power of naming.

The common element for all ―isms‖ is

stigma.


Covers:◦ Third Section of Book: Social Inequality◦ Class materials October 9 to October 30

50 Multiple Choice -- 4 possible answers

Six Kinds of Questions:1. Knowledge – Recall Facts

2. Comprehension – Demonstrate Understanding of Facts

3. Application – Take Knowledge & Apply to situation

4. Analysis – Critical Thinking that uses Knowledge

5. Evaluation – Critical Thinking that evaluates situation

6. Synthesis – Taking two or more concepts and applying them critically

Read Questions & Answers Carefully

Eliminate Answers

Skip & Return to harder questions – Be mindful of clock


Ageism Global Stratification Systems Poverty / Poverty Level

Calvinist Predestination Horatio Alger Myth Power Elite

Clustering of America Immigration Prejudice

Colonialism Intergenerational Mobility Protestant Ethic

Distribution of Wealth Internal Colonialism Race

Discrimination Institutional Discrimination Segregation

Ethnicity Languages Social Class

Exchange Mobility Life Chances Socio-Economics

Feminism Means of Production Social Mobility

Feminization of Poverty Marxism Stereotypes

Gender Meritocracy Stigma

Gender Stratification Minority Group Theories of Aging

Gender Wage Gap Multiculturalism 3 Waves of Feminism

Genocide Patriarchy Upward Mobility

Glass Ceiling v. Glass Escalator Pluralism Weber’s three ―Ps‖


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What’s Gender Stratification?

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