Gender Stratification Chapter 11
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Transcript of Gender Stratification Chapter 11
Gender Stratification
Chapter 11
Learning Objectives
Contrast biological and sociological views of sex and gender.
What is gender stratification? Do we live under a patriarchal ideology. How do we learn gender-roles. Describe gender differences in the world of
work. Be aware of the effect of changes in gender
roles in U.S. society.
Sex and GenderSex
The physical and biological differences between men and women.
Evident by physical distinctions in anatomical, chromosomal, hormonal, and physiological characteristics.
Gender The social, psychological, and
cultural attributes of masculinity and femininity that are based on the previous biological distinctions.
Sex and Gender
Can you think of instances where the experiences of males and females are complicated by issues of sex and gender?
Gay, bisexual, pansexual Intersexed individuals
What should you write on the birth certificate?
Transgender or transexual individuals Does it have to exist in binary oppositions?
Terminology
Transgender: a generic term for a person of one biological sex who displays characteristics of the opposite sex
Cross-dresser: a generic term for individuals who may dress or present themselves in the gender of the opposite sex
Sex and Gender Are differences in gender
between males and females natural to human beings?
Biological views Physiological differences The Sociological View
How comfortable are you with the gender roles our society defines as appropriate for males and females?
Activities? Professions? Media portrayals How about toys?
You know you want it!Ok, now he was close
Tried to domesticate youBut you're an animal
Baby, it's in your natureJust let me liberate you
You don't need no papersThat man is not your maker
And that's why I'm gon' take a Good girl
Soo, exactly what blurred lines is the song referring to?
Gender-Role Socialization
Lifelong process whereby people learn: Values Attitudes Motivations Behaviors
All considered appropriate to each sex according to their culture.
Terminology
Gender role: the behaviors assigned to women and men in a society Women are expected to nurture children.
Sex role: behaviors defined by biological constraints Only women can nurse infants.
Agents of Socialization
Agents of socialization are individuals and groups that influence development.
Family: parents and siblings Race/ethnicity: different
gender roles Peers: important throughout
the school years Religion: emphasis of some
on traditional roles
Agents of Socialization
Education: schools and teachers Economy: occupation sex segregation—
the concentration of men and women in different occupations
Mass media: movies, television, books, and magazines
Education Inequality
Consequences of Traditional Gender Role Socialization
• Less income: Women earn about 2/3 of what men earn.
• Feminization of poverty: disproportionate percentage of those living in poverty constituted by women living alone and with their children
Table 2.2: Women’s and Men’s Median Income with Similar Education
Consequences
Higher risk for sexually transmitted infections for women
Negative body image for women Sexism: an attitude, action, or institutional
structure that subordinates or discriminates against individuals and groups because of their sex
Less marital satisfaction for women
Consequences
Positive consequences for women: Longer life expectancy: 81.4 (women)
compared to 76.4 (men) Stronger relationship focus Keeping relationship on track Bonding with children
Consequences
Negative consequences for men:
Identity synonymous with occupation
Limited expression of emotions
Fear of intimacy Custody disadvantages Shorter life expectancy
Consequences
Positive consequences for men: Freedom of movement Greater pool of potential partners Norm of initiating a relationship