What type of colony was What type of colony was Georgia in 1754? Georgia in 1754?

Georgia ceased Georgia ceased to be a to be a proprietary proprietary colony and colony and became a royal became a royal colonycolony in 1752 - in 1752 - like this colony of like this colony of royal penguins royal penguins (king penguins) in (king penguins) in South Georgia!!!!South Georgia!!!!

What was the difference What was the difference between a proprietary colony between a proprietary colony

and a royal colony? and a royal colony? A proprietary colony was one that A proprietary colony was one that

was governed by a board of trustees, was governed by a board of trustees, while a royal colony was one directly while a royal colony was one directly governed by the king governed by the king

Who were the puritans and Who were the puritans and where did they settle? where did they settle?

The puritans were a religious group The puritans were a religious group who moved from South Carolina to who moved from South Carolina to 32,000 acres of land in what is today 32,000 acres of land in what is today Midway, Georgia.. They moved there Midway, Georgia.. They moved there bringing their slaves with them and bringing their slaves with them and established rice and indigo established rice and indigo plantations. plantations.

How did the King maintain How did the King maintain control of the colony’s day to control of the colony’s day to

day operation? day operation? A royal governor was responsible for A royal governor was responsible for

the colony the colony

How did the royal government How did the royal government differ from the trustees? differ from the trustees?

The trustees believed the first The trustees believed the first Georgia settlers were not able to Georgia settlers were not able to govern themselves, so they did not govern themselves, so they did not have the right to vote, hold elections have the right to vote, hold elections etc… Under the first royal Governor, etc… Under the first royal Governor, the colonists were encouraged to the colonists were encouraged to take part in the government. take part in the government.

Who was Georgia’s first royal Who was Georgia’s first royal governor? governor?

Georgia’s first royal governor Georgia’s first royal governor was Governor John Reynolds. was Governor John Reynolds.

What were the components of What were the components of the first government under the first government under

Reynolds? Reynolds? A BICAMERAL or two chamber A BICAMERAL or two chamber

legislature was set up to represent legislature was set up to represent the eight parishes of the colony. the eight parishes of the colony.

What was a parish? What was a parish?

A parish was both a church and a A parish was both a church and a British government district. The British government district. The lower house of the legislature was lower house of the legislature was called the Commons House of called the Commons House of Assembly, while the upper house was Assembly, while the upper house was called the Governor’s Council. called the Governor’s Council.

What were the colonists What were the colonists required to have to vote? required to have to vote?

In order to vote, a settler had to own In order to vote, a settler had to own at least 50 acres of land. Members at least 50 acres of land. Members of the Assembly had to own at least of the Assembly had to own at least 500 acres of land. 500 acres of land.

What was the role of the What was the role of the Assembly? Assembly?

The assembly could write and vote The assembly could write and vote on bills before they became laws. on bills before they became laws.

Who were the members of the Who were the members of the Governor’s Council? Governor’s Council?

The Governor’s council was made up The Governor’s council was made up of members appointed by the king of of members appointed by the king of England. These men were usually England. These men were usually wealthy, influential landowners. wealthy, influential landowners. They were to advise the governor, They were to advise the governor, approve land grants, make laws and approve land grants, make laws and sometimes act as judges in legal sometimes act as judges in legal cases. cases.

What type of court system did What type of court system did Reynolds set up? Reynolds set up?

Court of Conscience, over which Court of Conscience, over which presided a local justice of the peace. presided a local justice of the peace. Cases that could not be settled in the Cases that could not be settled in the court of Conscience went to the court of Conscience went to the Governor’s Council. Governor’s Council.

What caused the French and What caused the French and Indian War? Indian War?

Greed and Fear – greed to capture Greed and Fear – greed to capture the most territory and fear that one the most territory and fear that one country would gain more power than country would gain more power than another. The war was the result of another. The war was the result of territory disputes between Great territory disputes between Great Britain and France. Britain and France.

Using the map on page 143, Using the map on page 143, list the territories controlled by list the territories controlled by

Spain, Great Britain, and Spain, Great Britain, and France.France.

Spanish: Settlements in Florida and Spanish: Settlements in Florida and MexicoMexico

French: controlled Louisiana North to French: controlled Louisiana North to the Great Lakes plus Canada, British the Great Lakes plus Canada, British had the thirteen colonies along the had the thirteen colonies along the Atlantic Coast. Atlantic Coast.

How long did the war last? How long did the war last?

The French and Indian War begain in The French and Indian War begain in 1754 and lasted nine years. 1754 and lasted nine years.

What alliances/resources did What alliances/resources did each of the countries have? each of the countries have?

The British had the best navy but the The British had the best navy but the French had a stronger army. Great French had a stronger army. Great Britain had a strong alliance with the Britain had a strong alliance with the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy but France had Western tribe trading but France had Western tribe trading partners. The French had more partners. The French had more military leaders and less internal military leaders and less internal strife with the French colonists. strife with the French colonists.

Why is it called the French and Why is it called the French and Indian War? Indian War?

The name refers to the two main The name refers to the two main enemies of the British: the royal enemies of the British: the royal French forces and the various French forces and the various American Indian forces allied with forces allied with them. It is also called the seven them. It is also called the seven years war. years war.

What caused the rivalry to What caused the rivalry to intensify? (see page 143) intensify? (see page 143)

Both France and Britain claimed the area of Both France and Britain claimed the area of the Ohio River Valley. British traders began the Ohio River Valley. British traders began trading with tribes that previously traded trading with tribes that previously traded with the French. Virginia colonists also with the French. Virginia colonists also wanted to expand beyond the Allegheny wanted to expand beyond the Allegheny Mountains into the Ohio Valley. France also Mountains into the Ohio Valley. France also claimed this area and continued to build claimed this area and continued to build forts there. Virginia Governor Dinwiddie forts there. Virginia Governor Dinwiddie sent George Washington to tell the French sent George Washington to tell the French to stay out of the area – these demands to stay out of the area – these demands were ignored.were ignored.

TIMELINE: France and Britain claim TIMELINE: France and Britain claim Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

George Washington sent to inform George Washington sent to inform French to leave area – Washington French to leave area – Washington ignored – ignored –

What was Washington’s What was Washington’s response to the French response to the French

Washington returns with troops – Washington returns with troops – sets up Fort Necessity – sets up Fort Necessity – Washington’s men attack French at Washington’s men attack French at nearby camp – French attack Fort nearby camp – French attack Fort Necessity – Washington surrenders Necessity – Washington surrenders

What finally changed the tide What finally changed the tide of the war in favor of the of the war in favor of the

British? British? William Pitt was put in charge of the William Pitt was put in charge of the

war effort and used the British navy war effort and used the British navy to capture key French Canadian to capture key French Canadian cities of Quebec and Montreal. The cities of Quebec and Montreal. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 formally Treaty of Paris in 1763 formally ended the war, with Britain emerging ended the war, with Britain emerging victorious. victorious.

What was Georgia’s role in the What was Georgia’s role in the war? war?

Georgia did not take place in the Georgia did not take place in the war, but was helped by the war – war, but was helped by the war – Georgia’s western boundary was set Georgia’s western boundary was set at the Mississippi and the southern at the Mississippi and the southern boundary was moved to St. Mary’s . boundary was moved to St. Mary’s .

How did Georgia’s boundaries How did Georgia’s boundaries change relative to Native change relative to Native

Americans? Americans? The Creek and Cherokee gave up all The Creek and Cherokee gave up all

land between the Ogeechee and land between the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers north to Augusta Savannah rivers north to Augusta and all land south of the Altamaha. and all land south of the Altamaha. In exchange, Georgia colonists could In exchange, Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachians. not settle west of the Appalachians.

What were the results of the What were the results of the French and Indian War? French and Indian War?

British gain control of CanadaBritish gain control of Canada Western frontier opened to Virginia Western frontier opened to Virginia

colonistscolonists Great Britain gets Florida from Spain Great Britain gets Florida from Spain

(Spain was an ally of France)(Spain was an ally of France) France gives Louisiana territory to France gives Louisiana territory to

SpainSpain France loses all land in N. AmericaFrance loses all land in N. America Great Britain has huge war debt. Great Britain has huge war debt.

How did the new boundaries How did the new boundaries help Georgia? help Georgia?

Settlers began to migrate to the Settlers began to migrate to the colony – water access provided key colony – water access provided key growth for shipping and good growth for shipping and good farmland/dense forests provided farmland/dense forests provided timber and naval store resources. timber and naval store resources.

What was the Proclamation of What was the Proclamation of 1763? 1763?

The proclamation moved the state’s The proclamation moved the state’s southern boundary to the St. Mary’s southern boundary to the St. Mary’s River AND forbade colonists to settle River AND forbade colonists to settle west of the Appalachian mountains. west of the Appalachian mountains.

Describe Georgia’s First Describe Georgia’s First Assembly Assembly

The new Government met in 1755, in The new Government met in 1755, in Savannah, the colony’s capital and Savannah, the colony’s capital and largest city. Governor Reynolds still largest city. Governor Reynolds still had the position of Royal Governor. had the position of Royal Governor.

What changed in the What changed in the government? government?

Colonists and Governor Reynolds Colonists and Governor Reynolds could not agree on the monetary could not agree on the monetary amount to improve military defenses. amount to improve military defenses. Governor Reynolds disbanded the Governor Reynolds disbanded the assembly and tried to run the colony assembly and tried to run the colony himself. The colonists complained to himself. The colonists complained to the King that their right to self the King that their right to self government was taken away. government was taken away.

How did Bryan County enter How did Bryan County enter into the discussion? into the discussion?

Reynolds wanted to move Savannah Reynolds wanted to move Savannah to the Ogeechee River, near to the Ogeechee River, near Richmond Hill. The colonists did not Richmond Hill. The colonists did not want the location of the capital want the location of the capital changed and support for Reynolds changed and support for Reynolds continued to decline. continued to decline.

Who was Georgia’s second Who was Georgia’s second Royal Governor? Royal Governor?

Captain Henry Ellis, a naturalist and Captain Henry Ellis, a naturalist and scientist, became the second Royal scientist, became the second Royal Governor. Governor.

How did rule change under How did rule change under Ellis? Ellis?

Ellis was a popular governor – he Ellis was a popular governor – he allowed well known and wealthy allowed well known and wealthy citizens to lead the colony – he citizens to lead the colony – he maintained favorable relations with maintained favorable relations with South Carolina – he brought together South Carolina – he brought together people of many different political people of many different political groups. He granted new comers groups. He granted new comers large pieces of land and allowed large pieces of land and allowed them to bring their slaves. them to bring their slaves.

What happened to Ellis? What happened to Ellis?

Ellis became ill and asked to return Ellis became ill and asked to return to Great Britain – he was, instead, to Great Britain – he was, instead, reassigned to Nova Scotia as a royal reassigned to Nova Scotia as a royal governor. He never went to Nova governor. He never went to Nova Scotia, returning to London and Scotia, returning to London and working on policies governing the working on policies governing the new world. He died at the age of 85 new world. He died at the age of 85 in Italy (1806) in Italy (1806)

Who was Georgia’s third Who was Georgia’s third Governor? Governor?

The honorable James Wright became The honorable James Wright became Governor of Georgia on October 11, Governor of Georgia on October 11, 1760. He had been attorney General 1760. He had been attorney General of South Carolina for twenty one of South Carolina for twenty one years. years.

What did this Governor What did this Governor envision for Georgia? envision for Georgia?

He believed that Georgia would He believed that Georgia would continue to grow if large farms were continue to grow if large farms were even bigger, if trading expanded and even bigger, if trading expanded and if the western lands of the colony if the western lands of the colony were opened to the settlers. were opened to the settlers.

What type of defenses did What type of defenses did Governor Wright develop? Governor Wright develop?

Wright completed the defenses Wright completed the defenses around Savannah – Savannah was around Savannah – Savannah was surrounded with palisades and the surrounded with palisades and the area forts were made stronger. area forts were made stronger. Sunbury became the official port for Sunbury became the official port for ships. Both houses of the colonial ships. Both houses of the colonial assembly worked together to assembly worked together to promote economic growth. promote economic growth.

Where did the term “cracker” Where did the term “cracker” originate? originate?

Undesirable people who moved from Undesirable people who moved from Virginia and the Carolinas to settle in Virginia and the Carolinas to settle in the middle and western part of the middle and western part of Georgia. Georgia.

What caused the discontent in What caused the discontent in the colonies? the colonies?

During the fifteen years before the During the fifteen years before the American Revolution, many colonists American Revolution, many colonists began to tire of British rule and resent its began to tire of British rule and resent its policies. Britain had to pay off its war debt policies. Britain had to pay off its war debt and had to pay soldiers to protect the and had to pay soldiers to protect the colonies. To the British, it seemed only fair colonies. To the British, it seemed only fair for the colonists to pay for this. As the for the colonists to pay for this. As the British taxed the colonists, the colonists British taxed the colonists, the colonists complained. As the colonists complained, complained. As the colonists complained, Great Britain enacted old laws. Great Britain enacted old laws.

What were the laws Britain passed that caused the What were the laws Britain passed that caused the

colonists to complain?colonists to complain? Navigation Acts – said colonies could only Navigation Acts – said colonies could only

ship their goods on British vessels (not a ship their goods on British vessels (not a problem for Georgia because most of its problem for Georgia because most of its trade was still with Britain). trade was still with Britain).

1764 – increase tax on wine and imported 1764 – increase tax on wine and imported goods – very little opposition in Georgia as goods – very little opposition in Georgia as parliament provided most of the money for parliament provided most of the money for Georgia’s government (older colonies Georgia’s government (older colonies angered about this as they were paying angered about this as they were paying more).more).

Sugar act – tax on sugar and molasses – Sugar act – tax on sugar and molasses – problem with Georgia due to heavy trade problem with Georgia due to heavy trade of this with Jamaica and Barbados. of this with Jamaica and Barbados.

1765: Stamp Act – tax on newspapers, 1765: Stamp Act – tax on newspapers, legal documents, licenses.legal documents, licenses.

Examine the cartoon on page Examine the cartoon on page 150. What do you think it 150. What do you think it

means? means?

What resentment accompanied What resentment accompanied the Stamp Act? the Stamp Act?

The reaction to the stamp act was The reaction to the stamp act was swift and sometimes violent. A Stamp swift and sometimes violent. A Stamp Act Congress met in Boston, MA to Act Congress met in Boston, MA to speak against British taxes. The speak against British taxes. The Georgia colonial assembly was not in Georgia colonial assembly was not in session, so Georgia did not send a session, so Georgia did not send a representative. Georgia citizens did, representative. Georgia citizens did, however, burn an effigy of the stamp however, burn an effigy of the stamp master in the streets of Savannah. master in the streets of Savannah.

Who were the Liberty Boys? Who were the Liberty Boys?

November 6th, group of Georgians November 6th, group of Georgians came together to oppose the stamp came together to oppose the stamp act – they were called The Liberty act – they were called The Liberty Boys. They were part of a larger Boys. They were part of a larger group, The Sons of Liberty. group, The Sons of Liberty.

Why were they called the Why were they called the Liberty Brawlers? Liberty Brawlers?

Because they met in local taverns Because they met in local taverns such as Tondee’s Tavern in such as Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah. Savannah.

How did Georgia react to the How did Georgia react to the Townshend Acts of 1767? Townshend Acts of 1767?

Members of the Georgia colonial Members of the Georgia colonial assembly spoke against these acts, assembly spoke against these acts, which placed import taxes on tea, which placed import taxes on tea, paper, glass and coloring for paints. paper, glass and coloring for paints.

Who was Noble Wimberly Who was Noble Wimberly Jones? Jones?

Noble Wimberly Jones (his father was Noble Wimberly Jones (his father was original colonist surveyor Noble original colonist surveyor Noble Jones, who helped Oglethorpe plan Jones, who helped Oglethorpe plan the city of Savannah) was elected as the city of Savannah) was elected as speaker of the assembly. Jones was speaker of the assembly. Jones was an outspoken leader of the an outspoken leader of the discontented Georgians. discontented Georgians.

How did Governor Wright react How did Governor Wright react to this election? to this election?

Governor Wright did away with the Governor Wright did away with the assembly out of fear that Jones’ assembly out of fear that Jones’ defiance of the King would cause defiance of the King would cause problems problems

How did the colonies respond How did the colonies respond to British taxes and how was to British taxes and how was

Georgia different? Georgia different? Colonists boycotted tea, paint and other Colonists boycotted tea, paint and other

items taxed under Townshend Acts. items taxed under Townshend Acts. Crispus Attucks was killed in Boston when Crispus Attucks was killed in Boston when soldiers fired into a crowd. Protest slogans soldiers fired into a crowd. Protest slogans such as “no taxation without such as “no taxation without representation” were commonplace. In representation” were commonplace. In Georgia, however, the colony was still Georgia, however, the colony was still relatively new and retained beneficial relatively new and retained beneficial financial ties to Great Britain. financial ties to Great Britain.

How did the Tea Act of 1773 How did the Tea Act of 1773 worsen the situation? worsen the situation?

Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 which Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 which allowed the East India Company to ship tea allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies. It could then sell tea directly to the colonies. It could then sell tea for less than the colonial merchants could. for less than the colonial merchants could. The colonists viewed it as a trick to get them The colonists viewed it as a trick to get them to buy the tea and pay a lower tax. In to buy the tea and pay a lower tax. In December, Paul Revere, Samuel Adams and December, Paul Revere, Samuel Adams and other Patriots dressed up as Mohawk Indians other Patriots dressed up as Mohawk Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston and dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Bay – this action is remembered as the Bay – this action is remembered as the Boston Tea Party. Boston Tea Party.

What are the Intolerable What are the Intolerable Acts? Acts?

To punish the colonists of Massachusetts for To punish the colonists of Massachusetts for the actions of the Patriots, parliament the actions of the Patriots, parliament enacted four laws, which, because of their enacted four laws, which, because of their harshness, are called the INTOLERABLE harshness, are called the INTOLERABLE ACTS. Boston’s ports were closed until ACTS. Boston’s ports were closed until Boston paid for the tea, Massachusetts Boston paid for the tea, Massachusetts colonists could not have a town meeting colonists could not have a town meeting without the approval of their governor, the without the approval of their governor, the court system was changed so that any court system was changed so that any British official who committed a crime would British official who committed a crime would be tried in Britain, and citizens of all colonies be tried in Britain, and citizens of all colonies had to house and feed British soldiers at had to house and feed British soldiers at their own expense (the Quartering Act) their own expense (the Quartering Act)

Predict the results of the Predict the results of the Intolerable Acts Intolerable Acts

What happened as a result of What happened as a result of the Intolerable Acts? the Intolerable Acts?

Representatives of all the colonies except for Representatives of all the colonies except for Georgia gathered in Philadelphia to protest them. Georgia gathered in Philadelphia to protest them. On September 5, 1774, the delegates organized the On September 5, 1774, the delegates organized the Continental Congress. At this point, there were Continental Congress. At this point, there were groups wanting to break away and groups wanting groups wanting to break away and groups wanting to stay. The Continental Congress agreed to stop to stay. The Continental Congress agreed to stop trade with Britain and urged each colony to set up trade with Britain and urged each colony to set up committees of safety to enforce the boycott.Due to committees of safety to enforce the boycott.Due to continued dependence on Britain, Georgia chose not continued dependence on Britain, Georgia chose not to send a delegate to the continental congress. In to send a delegate to the continental congress. In August, 1774, a group of Georgians gathered to August, 1774, a group of Georgians gathered to discuss the intolerable acts. They decided that the discuss the intolerable acts. They decided that the Intolerable Acts did not agree with the “rights and Intolerable Acts did not agree with the “rights and privileges of the Englishmen”. privileges of the Englishmen”.

How did Georgia react? How did Georgia react?

Due to continued dependence on Due to continued dependence on Britain, Georgia chose not to send a Britain, Georgia chose not to send a delegate to the continental congress. delegate to the continental congress. In August, 1774, a group of In August, 1774, a group of Georgians gathered to discuss the Georgians gathered to discuss the intolerable acts. They decided that intolerable acts. They decided that the Intolerable Acts did not agree the Intolerable Acts did not agree with the “rights and privileges of the with the “rights and privileges of the Englishmen”. Englishmen”.

What was the Provincial What was the Provincial Congress Congress

The Provincial Congress was held in The Provincial Congress was held in January 1775 in Savannah. Less January 1775 in Savannah. Less than one half of Georgia’s parishes than one half of Georgia’s parishes were represented - were represented -

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR - page THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR - page 153 153

What was Georgia’s reaction to What was Georgia’s reaction to the battles of Lexington and the battles of Lexington and

Concord? Concord? Georgia did not hear of the April Georgia did not hear of the April

1775 battles until May. Tories were 1775 battles until May. Tories were openly harassed (those who were openly harassed (those who were loyal to the king of England, George loyal to the king of England, George III). No one paid attention to the III). No one paid attention to the Governor and guns were stolen from Governor and guns were stolen from public warehouses. public warehouses.

When did Georgia arrive at the When did Georgia arrive at the Second Continental Congress? Second Continental Congress? Georgia arrived on May 13, 1775 and Georgia arrived on May 13, 1775 and

was represented by Lyman Hall. was represented by Lyman Hall. The other colonies were furious with The other colonies were furious with Georgia because Georgia did not Georgia because Georgia did not seem supportive. seem supportive.

When was the second When was the second Provincial Congress held? Provincial Congress held?

The Second Provincial Congress was The Second Provincial Congress was held at Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah held at Tondee’s Tavern in Savannah in July 1775. Four were chosen to go in July 1775. Four were chosen to go to Philadelphia – the delegates were to Philadelphia – the delegates were given no other instructions than to given no other instructions than to vote as they felt best for the vote as they felt best for the common good of all of Georgia. common good of all of Georgia.

Who from Georgia signed the Who from Georgia signed the Declaration of Independence? Declaration of Independence?

On August 2, 1776, the Second On August 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress approved the Continental Congress approved the declaration. It was signed by Lyman declaration. It was signed by Lyman Hall, George Walton and Button Hall, George Walton and Button Gwinnett. It was over a month Gwinnett. It was over a month before Georgians found out how their before Georgians found out how their representatives had voted. representatives had voted.

What political changes What political changes occurred in Georgia? occurred in Georgia?

Each state had to develop its own Each state had to develop its own method of governance and pass laws method of governance and pass laws that met its needs. that met its needs.

Parts of the DeclarationParts of the Declaration

Part 1 – Preamble – states colonist Part 1 – Preamble – states colonist feeling about democracy and feeling about democracy and purpose for Declarationpurpose for Declaration

Part 2 – list grievances against KingPart 2 – list grievances against King Part 3 – Declaration of IndependencePart 3 – Declaration of Independence

What parties were involved in What parties were involved in the changes? the changes?

Whigs – more extreme group that Whigs – more extreme group that wanted to give all the people of Georgia wanted to give all the people of Georgia a chance to govern themselves. This a chance to govern themselves. This included a unicameral or one house included a unicameral or one house legislature – single legislative body with legislature – single legislative body with very broad powers including make very broad powers including make appointments for the judicial branch. appointments for the judicial branch. Whigs won and Georgia adopted its first Whigs won and Georgia adopted its first state constitution with eight counties. state constitution with eight counties. Liberty County was named in honor of Liberty County was named in honor of Liberty. Liberty.

What revolutionary battles What revolutionary battles occurred in Georgia? occurred in Georgia?

During 1777 and 1778, Georgia’s During 1777 and 1778, Georgia’s Continental Army made several Continental Army made several unsuccessful attempts to capture St. unsuccessful attempts to capture St. Augustine (now under British control). In Augustine (now under British control). In December, 1778, British troops attacked December, 1778, British troops attacked and took control of Savannah. The poorly and took control of Savannah. The poorly understaffed Georgia militia could do little understaffed Georgia militia could do little to stop the British. Georgia was once again to stop the British. Georgia was once again under military rule and Governor Wright under military rule and Governor Wright returned to Georgia to take control of the returned to Georgia to take control of the government. government.

What was the Battle of Kettle What was the Battle of Kettle Creek? Creek?

In 1779, Georgia had a victory in In 1779, Georgia had a victory in defeating 800 British troops about defeating 800 British troops about eight miles from Washington, eight miles from Washington, Georgia Georgia

What were the benefits of the What were the benefits of the Battle of Kettle Creek? Battle of Kettle Creek?

The militia was able to take weapons The militia was able to take weapons and horses from the British soldiers and horses from the British soldiers and the spirit of the Georgia militia and the spirit of the Georgia militia was lifted by the victory. was lifted by the victory.

What was the Siege of What was the Siege of Savannah? Savannah?

In September 1779, twenty two French In September 1779, twenty two French ships and 4,000 soldiers arrived off ships and 4,000 soldiers arrived off Tybee Island. Joining about 15,000 Tybee Island. Joining about 15,000 Americans under General Benjamin Americans under General Benjamin Lincoln, the troops surrounded Lincoln, the troops surrounded Savannah and tried to free it from Savannah and tried to free it from British control through a SEIGE (try to British control through a SEIGE (try to prevent supplies from reaching enemy prevent supplies from reaching enemy forces by capturing forts or town forces by capturing forts or town surrounding it). surrounding it).

Who was Casimir Pulaski? Who was Casimir Pulaski?

A Polish Count who was a foreign A Polish Count who was a foreign patriot. He was killed October 9th, patriot. He was killed October 9th, when the combined French and when the combined French and American forces unsuccessfully American forces unsuccessfully attacked the British. During the 45 attacked the British. During the 45 minute attack, over 1,000 men lay minute attack, over 1,000 men lay dead (821 of whom were French) dead (821 of whom were French) compared to British losses of 40 compared to British losses of 40 men. men.

Who was Nancy Hart? Who was Nancy Hart?

The only county in Georgia named for a The only county in Georgia named for a woman, Hartwell County is a tribute to the woman, Hartwell County is a tribute to the bravery of Georgia’s most famous war bravery of Georgia’s most famous war heroine. Twelve miles outside Elberton, heroine. Twelve miles outside Elberton, Benjamin and Nancy Hart raised their eight Benjamin and Nancy Hart raised their eight children. Tories stopped by the house and children. Tories stopped by the house and insisted Nancy cook for them. Boasting of insisted Nancy cook for them. Boasting of their killing of Hart’s neighbor, Colonel John their killing of Hart’s neighbor, Colonel John Dooley, Nancy sent her children for help Dooley, Nancy sent her children for help and disarmed the soldiers. and disarmed the soldiers.

Who was Elijah Clarke? Who was Elijah Clarke?

What led to the end of British What led to the end of British occupation in Georgia? occupation in Georgia?

In June, 1781, Georgia’s militia was In June, 1781, Georgia’s militia was under the command of Colonel under the command of Colonel Clarke. Clarke took control of Clarke. Clarke took control of Augusta from the British.Augusta from the British.

In the spring of 1782, British forces in In the spring of 1782, British forces in Georgia believed they could not Georgia believed they could not defeat the Americans and they left defeat the Americans and they left Savannah, ending the 3 ½ year Savannah, ending the 3 ½ year occupation. occupation.

What signaled the end of the What signaled the end of the war? war?

On October 1781, the Battle of On October 1781, the Battle of Yorktown, Virginia resulted in the Yorktown, Virginia resulted in the surrender of British General Lord surrender of British General Lord Cornwallis. The Treaty of Paris, Cornwallis. The Treaty of Paris, signed by Great Britain, France and signed by Great Britain, France and the United States in September, the United States in September, 1783, gave the United States 1783, gave the United States independence. independence.

Who was Austin Dabney? Who was Austin Dabney?

Dabney was a freeborn child of Dabney was a freeborn child of mixed parentage. He arrived in mixed parentage. He arrived in Georgia with a man named Richard Georgia with a man named Richard Aycock. Dabney took Aycock’s place Aycock. Dabney took Aycock’s place in the military and was wounded at in the military and was wounded at Kettle Creek. He saved the life of Kettle Creek. He saved the life of Elijah Clarke, by giving the colonel a Elijah Clarke, by giving the colonel a horse after his horse had been shot horse after his horse had been shot out from under him. out from under him.

What happened to Dabney What happened to Dabney after the war? after the war?

Due to his mixed parentage, many Due to his mixed parentage, many did not want Dabney to receive land did not want Dabney to receive land promised to those who served the promised to those who served the military. Dabney eventually received military. Dabney eventually received his land and took the Harris family his land and took the Harris family with him (the Harris family cared for with him (the Harris family cared for him after he was wounded) him after he was wounded)

Royal Governor WrightRoyal Governor Wright