Maxima Complete Receiver - Hunting Dogs, Bird Dogs, Gun Dogs - Dog
What Makes Dogs Special? · • Wolves persist: Dogs look to human for help Udell (2015) Bio. Lett....
Transcript of What Makes Dogs Special? · • Wolves persist: Dogs look to human for help Udell (2015) Bio. Lett....
10/25/2018
1
What Makes Dogs Special?
Clive D. L. Wynne, Ph.D.
Arizona State University
What makes dogs special?
Selection for human-like social
skillHare & Tomasello, (2005), TICS
What makes dogs special?
Udell, et al. (2008) Anim. Behav.
Following pointing gestures
10/25/2018
2
What makes dogs special?
Following pointing gestures
Udell, et al. (2008) Anim. Behav.
What makes dogs special?
Following pointing gestures
Udell, et al. (2008) Anim. Behav.
What makes dogs special?Understanding what people see & know
Condition 1: BackturnedUdell, et al. (2011) Learn. & Behav.
10/25/2018
3
Condition 2: Book
Condition 3: Bucket
What makes dogs special?Understanding what people see & know
Udell, et al. (2011) Learn. & Behav.
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
Backturned Book Bucket
Mean
co
rrect
ch
oic
es
(/10)
Pet Dogs Indoors
Wolves
Shelter dogs
** *
*
What makes dogs special?
Understanding what people see & know
Udell, et al. (2011) Learn. & Behav.
What makes dogs special?• Not their cognition
• Dogs learn to follow human actions becauseo They are socialized to humans at critical period
o They depend on human action for fulfillment of all needs
o Human actions predicting motivated consequences engage Pavlovian and operant conditioning mechanisms
o Two Stage Hypothesis: Responsiveness to humans = Socialization + Conditioning
9Udell, et al. (2010) Bio. Rev.
10/25/2018
4
Florida’s Canine Cognition and Behavior Lab was led
at the time of my visit by psychologist Clive Wynne, a
former pigeon researcher considered by some to be
the Debbie Downer of the canine cognition field.
What makes dogs special?
What makes dogs special? Development
Free-living dogs in West Bengal, India
82% mortality in first year
Free living dogs in Italy
Radio-tracked 9 adults, 4 years
40 pups
Only 2 reached adulthood
Pal, S.K., (2001), Acta Theriol.
Boitani, et al., (1995), In The Domestic Dog…
What makes dogs special?• Development
• Free living dogs die young
• Saved by human intervention?
• Kindchenschema
• But is it possible to be too young to be cute?
Chersini, et al., (2018), Anthrozoos
10/25/2018
5
What makes dogs special?• 51 humans rated attractiveness of photos of pups
o Jack Russell
o Cane Corso
o White Shepherd
• From birth to 7 months
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attra
ctive
ness R
ating
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attra
ctive
ness R
ating
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
Cane Corso Jack Russell Terrier White Shepherd
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30
Age in Weeks
Attr
activ
enes
s R
atin
g
Breed
Cane Corso
Jack Russell Terrier
White Shepherd
7.7 weeks 6.3 weeks 8.3 weeks
Chersini, et al., (2018), Anthrozoos
What makes dogs special?Cane Corso
Least attractive
(younger)
0 weeks
Least attractive
(older)
7 months
Most attractive
(6-8 weeks)
Jack
Russell
White Shepherd
Chersini, et al., (2018), Anthrozoos
What makes dogs special?• Development
• Many aspects of behavioral development are unique to dogs
• And contribute to dogs’ success in anthropogenic environments
10/25/2018
6
What makes dogs special?• Affliation
• Behavior Outside the Kennel
Protopopova & Wynne (2014), Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
What makes dogs special?• Ethogram of dog/human
interaction outside kennel
Protopopova & Wynne (2014), Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
What makes dogs special?• What makes a difference to
adoption chances?
• Affiliation
Protopopova & Wynne (2014), App Anim Behav Sci
Behavior Odds Ratio
Ignore play initiation 0.1
Lie in proximity 14.5
10/25/2018
7
What makes dogs special?
• Sociability
25
Bentosela et al. (2016) J. Exp. Anal. Behav.
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
WolvesDogs
Pro
xim
ity
tim
e (
s)
What makes dogs special?
vonHoldt et al. (2010) Nature
Furthermore, we observed a single SNP with a high FST value located near
the WBSCR17 gene responsible for Williams–Beuren syndrome in humans
(OMIM accession 194050; Supplementary Fig. 16), which is characterized by
social traits such as exceptional gregariousness. These outlier SNPs provide
specific candidate regions for fine-scale mapping of genes that are important in the
early domestication of dogs.
What makes dogs special?• Williams-Beuren Syndrome
• Neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 1.5-1.8Mb hemizygous deletion on human chromosome 7q11.23 spanning approximately 28 genes
• Characterized by o delayed development,
o cognitive impairment,
o behavioral abnormalities,
o heightened propensity to initiate social contact commonly referred to as “hyper-sociability”
vonHoldt et al. (2010) Nature
10/25/2018
8
What makes dogs special?• Williams syndrome in dogs?
• Dogs display hyper-sociability in the absence of superior social cognition
• Tested 18 dogs and 9 hand-reared wolves ono Solvable task
o Sociability test
28
vonHoldt et al. (2017) Sci. Adv.
What makes dogs special?• Dogs and wolves given a solvable
task
• Wolves persist: Dogs look to human for help
Udell (2015) Bio. Lett.
What makes dogs special?• Dogs display hyper-sociability in the absence of superior social
cognition
• Tested 18 dogs and 9 hand-reared wolves ono Solvable task
o Sociability test
• Calculatedo attentional bias to social stimuli (solvable task),
o hyper-sociability (sociability test)
o social interest in strangers (sociability test)
vonHoldt et al. (2017) Sci. Adv.
10/25/2018
9
What makes dogs special?
• Gene-behavior associations
31
Attentional bias to social stimuli
Hyper-sociability
Social interest in strangers
vonHoldt et al. (2017) Sci. Adv.
What makes dogs special?• Dogs display hyper-sociability in the absence of superior social
cognition
• WBS Chromosome Region 17 (WBSCR17), high significance to be under positive selection as a domestication candidate and was significantly depleted of heterozygosity in the dog
• GTF2I and GTF2IRD1, members of the TFII-I family of transcription factors, repeatedly linked to the expression of hyper-sociability in mice, and specifically implicated in the hyper-sociable phenotype of persons with WBS
vonHoldt et al. (2017) Sci. Adv.
What makes dogs special?Dogs get lost hundreds of times and no one ever notices it or sends an account of it to a scientific magazine, but let one find his way from Brooklyn to Yonkers and the fact immediately becomes a circulating anecdote.
Thorndike 1898, p. 4
10/25/2018
10
Macpherson & Roberts, 2006, J Comp Psych
What makes dogs special?
Joshua van Bourg & Jordan Patterson: 2 months ago
What makes dogs special?
Hyde Park, LondonCemetery in use 1881-1903.
What makes dogs special?Sociability
Affiliation
Love
10/25/2018
11
Thank You Collaboratory
Monique Udell, Ph.D.
Nicole Dorey, Ph.D.
Erica Feuerbacher, Ph.D.
Nathan Hall, Ph.D.
Sasha Protopopova, Ph.D.
Lindsay Mehrkam, Ph.D.
Lisa Gunter, Ph.D.
Joshua Van Bourg, B.S.