Enabling Access to Geological Information in Support of GMES

AB

Consulting

Enabling Access to Geological Information in Support of GMES

AB

Consulting

What is PanGeo?

A brief presentation to help Local Authoritiesunderstand PanGeo

Hi-level project scope

• PanGeo is a 3-year EC FP7 R&D ‘Space’ project (1st Feb 2011 – 31st Jan 2014).

• Objective: to provide free, online information on geohazards for 52 of the largest towns in the EU (2 in each country, except only 1 in Luxembourg and Cyprus).

• How will this be achieved? 2 key elements:– Make the products:

• Satellite ‘terrain-motion maps’ will be made available to National Geological Surveys for 2 towns in their country.

• Geological Surveys make a GIS ‘Ground Stability Layer’ and ‘Geohazard Summary’ based on the terrain-motion maps and their own in situ data and expertise.

– Make the products available via an INSPIRE-compliant web-portal:

• Add ‘tags’ to products to allow displaying by a web-portal.

• Merge with the EC’s 1:10,000 landcover/use data to provide exposure-indicators.

• Portal based upon that produced for One-Geology Europe

• 37 partners in team, including all 27 national Geological Surveys.

• Project coordinated by Fugro NPA Ltd, UK.

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What are geohazards?Geohazards in PanGeo are natural and man-made

phenomena that make the ground unstable.

PanGeo geohazards include:– Earthquakes

– Slope instability (landslides)

– Mineral workings (past & present)

– Groundwater abstraction & recharge

– Shrink and swell clays

– Soluble rocks

– Compressible ground

– Collapsible deposits

– Landfill

Risks from geohazards are increasing as cities become bigger.

Geohazards cost the EU hundreds of lives and billions of Euros each year.

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Hazard, geohazard and risk

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Hazard

Something with the potential to cause harm.

Natural Hazard

A natural hazard is a natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss

of life, injury or other impacts, property damage, loss livelihoods and

services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

(Council of The European Union – Commission Staff Working Paper – Risk

Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management).

GeoHazard (Geological hazard)

A geological process with the potential to cause harm since affecting

ground stability

Risk

The likelihood that the harm from a particular hazard will be realised.

Detecting geohazards from space

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up down

Subsidence due tolowering water-table

Electricity cabletunnelling

New metro-linetunnelling

Uplift due to raisingWater-table

Subsidence due toLocalised compaction

London

More hazards from space…

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Uplift due to waterpumping?

Area of historicalcoal mining

Subsidence due toold, collapsed mines?

Users of geohazard information

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Local Authorities:Responsible for development and planning control

Protect and maintain infrastructure

Protect key buildings (control centres, hospitals, schools, etc.)

Responsibility for public safety

Policies could be influenced by geohazards

Often involved in property conveyancing

National Geological Surveys:Mandated to collect, store, and make-accessible data on geohazards

Mandated to advise government on geology and geohazards

National repository of geohazard information

PanGeo helps standardise data across Surveys – supporting EC initiatives

Policy-makers:Statistical analysis of European geohazards

Measures of population-exposure

Improved preparedness in civil protection

Regional planning and regulation

Policy formulation

publicBetter-informed

Better prepared

Utility in conveyancing

Empowerment

52 towns to be PanGeo’d

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Count Country Town 1 Town 2

1 Austria Saltzburg Vienna

2 Belgium Brussels Liege

3 Bulgaria Sofia Varna

4 Cyprus Lefkosia Only one Urban Atlas town

5 Czech Republic Prague Ostrava

6 Denmark Copenhagen Aarhus

7 Estonia Tallinn Tartu

8 Finland Helsinki Turku

9 France Lyon Toulouse

10 Germany Berlin Hannover

11 Greece Athens Larissa

12 Hungary Budapest Miskolc

13 Ireland Cork Dublin

14 Italy Palermo Rome

15 Latvia Riga Liepaja

16 Lithuania Vilnius Kaunas

17 Luxembourg Luxembourg Only one Urban Atlas town

18 Malta Valetta Gozo

19 Netherlands Amsterdam Rotterdam

20 Poland Warsaw Nowy Sacz

21 Portugal Lisbon Faro

22 Romania Bucurest Cluj-Napoca

23 Slovakia Kosice Presov

24 Slovenia Ljubljana Maribor

25 Spain Zaragoza Murcia

26 Sweden Stockholm Göteborg

27 UK Stoke London

Service concept

• For each town, the national Geological Survey will make a GIS ‘Ground Stability Layer’ and compile a ‘Geohazard Summary’ document.

• The Layer and Summary will be made by the Geological Survey’s expert interpretation of their own geological data, plus satellite terrain-motion data from specialist providers (PanGeo partners).

• The Ground Stability Layer will comprise vector polygons surrounding discrete areas of geohazard phenomena.

• Clicking on geohazard areas will link to interpretative text in the Geohazard Summarydocument.

• Upon enquiry by a user for a given town, a PanGeo Portal will automatically intersect the Ground Stability Layer with 1:10,000 landcover data to reveal areas influenced by a geohazard.

• All maps to be downloadable and format-compatible for ingestion into users’ GIS.

• The PanGeo website will also provide comprehensive information on all aspects of the service.

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Service mechanics

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Geology

The ‘Ground Stability Layer’ is a vector layer to be made by the Surveys. They will make it by importing into their GIS and interpreting:

Satellite terrain-motion data,

Basic geology (that they hold),

Any other pertinent spatial information,e.g. borehole data that they hold.

From this on-screen analysis, the Surveys willdigitise around the main hazard areas,assigning a tag to each, facilitating a hyperlinkfrom the Ground Stability Layer to text withinthe Geohazard Summary document.

Ground Stability Layer

Geohazard Summary

hyper-link

Tagged to allow portal requesting

Geohazard data and

information already

held (derived maps,

GPS, levelling, etc.)

Other relevant info

Direct validation of

main motion

phenomena

ValidationSatellite terrain-motion data

The Portal

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Google Earth

UA data

Ground Stability Layer

Deconstructed superimposition

Geohazard Summary

PanGeo Portal

EC landcover dataset

Ground Stability Layer

Upon enquiry, the

Portal automatically

retrieves data from the

originator’s server. This is what the user sees.

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Example of PanGeo layer on UA

Residential urban areas

(classes 11 in UA) affected by

geohazard are highlighted in red

Geohazard polygon highlighted in yellowExtract of Urban Atlas map

Highlighted residential areas (Urban Atlas’ Urban Fabric classes) affected by geo-hazard

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User input to design

• Essential that the service is tailored to the requirements of users.

• Project, therefore, includes the surveying of:– All 27 National Geological Surveys.

– 5-6 key Local Authority representatives (forming a ‘Local Authority Feedback Group’).

• Local Authority Feedback Group to be surveyed by the French company SIRS (PanGeo-partner), commencing Summer 2011.

• Input to be requested on overall service design.

• Feedback to be requested on prototype service.

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What will I have to do?• Participate in a face-to-face survey:

– To establish the key requirements of the Local Authority in the provision of a geohazard information service for their town.

– At the Local Authority premises (estimate 2 hours duration).

– During Summer 2011.

• Assess prototype service description:– Compiled from first round of Local Authority and National Geological Survey feedback.

– This will be a document to be reviewed by email (estimated 1 hour duration).

– During Winter 2011/12.

• Assess finalised service description:– Compiled from second round of feedback.

– Another document to be reviewed by email (estimated 1 hour duration).

– During Summer 2012.

• Agree to a presentation by your National Geological Survey.– Presenting back to you the PanGeo service with the products relating to your town.

– At your premises (estimated 2 hours duration).

– During 2013.

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What can I influence?

• To understand your current use of geohazard data.

• To understand your potential use of geohazard data.

• To ensure the PanGeo website covers all needs.

• To ensure PanGeo Portal provides adequate functionality.

• To ensure that downloadable maps and information are in the right format for your systems.

• To ensure that we account for any legal requirements particular to your Authority.

• To ensure that the service provided is in relevant languages.

• To gain an understanding of the costs a different Authority would find acceptable for such a service.

• To understand any concerns you may have about the PanGeo service.

• To obtain recommendations for improvement.

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Some examples of why we need your input…

Conclusions

• Currently, there is little information available on geohazards, although geohazards have serious impacts on society.

• Local Authorities will benefit from having access to standardised information on geohazards in their area.

• PanGeo will be making products for your town.

• It is essential that Local Authorities have input to the design of the PanGeo service.

• PanGeo needs to establish a Local Authority Feedback Group of 5-6 key representatives.

• The PanGeo team hopes you might want to get involved.

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PanGeo geohazard data is based on satellite terrain-motion mapping

(courtesy TRE)

ANNEX I: PSI,Why monitoring terrain motion from space?

Monitoring changes in the terrain enables damaging motions to be anticipated.

Ground-based surveys are time-consuming, very expensive and practicably not always possible if, for example, whole conurbations are to be monitored.

An air or space-borne monitoring system, capable of resolutions of a few centimetres or better, has great potential to assist in the minimisation and mitigation of damage caused by both natural and anthropogenic processes.

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Persistent Scatterer Interferometry

PSI is a non-invasive surveying technique able to measure millimetric motions of individual terrain features over wide-areas in both urban and semi-urban environments.

InSAR, in general, compares the phase information in each radar scene to derive terrain-motion measurements.

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PSI vs conventional InSAR

The PSI technique takes conventional InSAR a step further by correcting for atmospheric, orbital and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) errors to derive relatively-precise displacement and velocity measurements at specific points on the terrain.

A unique benefit of PSI is its ability to provide both average annual motion rates as well as multi-year motion histories for individual scatterers.

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Persistent Scatterer Interfer. (2)

Using these multi-temporal radar data-sets, the PSI algorithm specifically identifies common geographical locations in each scene that reliably and persistently reflect the radar signal back to the satellite. These locations, or “persistent scatterers‟ (PSs) are generally parts of man-made structures such as buildings, bridges, pylons, etc., though they can also include bare rocks and outcrops.

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Persistent Scatterer Interfer. (3)

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After identification of the PSs in a data-set, the algorithm compares the inherent phase data between all common scatterers across all scenes. If the phase data for a particular scatterer are the same across all scenes, then the scatterer is deemed not to have changed its relative location. Conversely, any difference in phase equates to motion. This does not of course account for a number of variables, one of which is atmospheric refraction which, in effect, can change the signal path length and hence the phase data, giving false information. The statistical computation of an „atmospheric phase screen’ to correct for this effect is consequently a vital part of the process

Example of PSI results (on Landsat)

The figure on the left shows an example of results of satellite terrain-motion processing and mapping (courtesy TRE).

Average colour-coded annual displacement rates are displayed on a Landsat backdrop for the Stoke-on-Trent region in the UK.

Blue areas indicate motion towards the satellite and red indicates motion away from the satellite.

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ANNEX II: Types of Geohazard

Earthquake (seismic hazard)

Tectonic movements

Salt tectonics

Volcanic hazard

Natural Ground Instability

• Landslide

• Soil Creep

• Ground Dissolution

• Collapsible Ground

• Running Sand

Man Made (Anthropogenic) Ground Instability

• Made ground (incl. landfills)

Natural Ground Movement

• Shrink-swell clays

• Compressible Ground

Man Made (Anthropogenic) Ground Movement

• Fluid extraction

• Recovery of extracted fluid

• Injection of fluid or gas.

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ANNEX III: Criteria for Urban Risk Assessment

(from World Bank, Feb. 2011)

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Geospatial data for Urban Hazard Assessment (from World Bank, Feb 2011)

27(for example: Urban Atlas)

(for example: PanGeo geohazard)