What is migration ?What is migration ?

Migration is that Migration is that people move to people move to another place another place where they live where they live in in bulk or individually bulk or individually because of their because of their natural, economic, natural, economic, social and political social and political reasons,reasons,

Or It means moving from one Or It means moving from one place to another To live place to another To live

comfortablycomfortably

What was the most What was the most important reason for important reason for migration in ancient migration in ancient

times ?times ?

Migration of Turks from Migration of Turks from Central Asia to Anatolia is due Central Asia to Anatolia is due

to droughtto drought

Turkish homeland is Turkish homeland is Central Asia.Central Asia.

The borders of The borders of Central Asia are as Central Asia are as follows:follows:

Kingan Mountains in Kingan Mountains in the east, Hindu Kush the east, Hindu Kush and Dark Mountains and Dark Mountains are in the south , are in the south , Caspian Lake is in Caspian Lake is in the west and Siberia the west and Siberia Is in the north.Is in the north.

THE CAUSES OF THE TURKISH THE CAUSES OF THE TURKISH MİGRATIONMİGRATION

-The climate is unsuitable for agriculture-The climate is unsuitable for agriculture-lack of water resources-lack of water resources

-struggles between Turks Tribes -struggles between Turks Tribes -impression/ repression of Chinese Empire-impression/ repression of Chinese Empire

Because of a warrior tribe of Turks , the survival of nomad facilitated the Because of a warrior tribe of Turks , the survival of nomad facilitated the

process of this migration . Turks had nomadic life ,so that kind of life styleprocess of this migration . Turks had nomadic life ,so that kind of life style

facilitated Turks’migrationsfacilitated Turks’migrations

The most important of Turkish migrationis is The most important of Turkish migrationis is to the west . Some parts of Turks going to to the west . Some parts of Turks going to

west went to north of the Black Sea, north of west went to north of the Black Sea, north of the Caspian Sea and Europe ,other parts of the Caspian Sea and Europe ,other parts of Turks going to south went to South of the Turks going to south went to South of the

Caspian Sea in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Caspian Sea in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Anatolia,Anatolia,

At this point the Great Migration of People is At this point the Great Migration of People is of great importance. Great Migration of of great importance. Great Migration of

People began with a branch of the Huns who People began with a branch of the Huns who migrated westward to Europe by going past migrated westward to Europe by going past

the Volga River in 374 after Christ.the Volga River in 374 after Christ.

In those years Lombards lived in north of the In those years Lombards lived in north of the Carpathian Mountains, Ostrogoths and Visigoths lived Carpathian Mountains, Ostrogoths and Visigoths lived

in South Russia , the Saxons and Angıllar lived between in South Russia , the Saxons and Angıllar lived between the Rhine and the Elbe , Frankish tribes lived in the the Rhine and the Elbe , Frankish tribes lived in the

Rhine , The Germans lived in the area at the Rhine , The Germans lived in the area at the intersection of Rehine River That Huns moved westward intersection of Rehine River That Huns moved westward

caused a chain mobility for these people living in caused a chain mobility for these people living in EuropeEurope

At the end of the migration of Tribes:At the end of the migration of Tribes:-The Roman Empire, the Roman Empire was -The Roman Empire, the Roman Empire was

divided into East and West (395).divided into East and West (395).

- Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476- Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476

- Europe's ethnic composition changed. (Germanic - Europe's ethnic composition changed. (Germanic tribes in Europe, the new nations emerged as a result of tribes in Europe, the new nations emerged as a result of

mixing of the native tribes.)mixing of the native tribes.)- Than the size of these movements from the Turks at - Than the size of these movements from the Turks at

the end of the river Danube in Europe, the Western Hun the end of the river Danube in Europe, the Western Hun Empire (European Hun) formed.Empire (European Hun) formed.

- - England, laid the foundation of the England, laid the foundation of the European states such as France.European states such as France.

- Feudal regime emerged in Europe. /come out - Feudal regime emerged in Europe. /come out / appear . / appear .

The history of the Turks living in Turkey today The history of the Turks living in Turkey today begins with migration of Oghuz Turks into begins with migration of Oghuz Turks into

Anatolia in the context of the larger Turkish Anatolia in the context of the larger Turkish expansion ,forming Seljuq Empire in the 11th expansion ,forming Seljuq Empire in the 11th

century.century.

After the Seljuq victory over forces of the Byzantine After the Seljuq victory over forces of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert, the process was Empire at the Battle of Manzikert, the process was

accelerated and the country was referred to as 'Turchia' accelerated and the country was referred to as 'Turchia' in the Europe as early as the 12th century.in the Europe as early as the 12th century.

Before the Turkish settlement, the local Before the Turkish settlement, the local population of Anatolia had reached an population of Anatolia had reached an

estimated level of 12 to 14 million people estimated level of 12 to 14 million people

during the late Roman Periodduring the late Roman Period

Ottoman state was founded in 1299 .It Ottoman state was founded in 1299 .It lived for 600 years .During this time lived for 600 years .During this time Different nationalities migrated to Different nationalities migrated to

Ottoman state .Ottoman state .

The main examples are as follows:The main examples are as follows:King of the Hungarian Imre Thököli took King of the Hungarian Imre Thököli took

refuge in the Ottoman Empire with his wife refuge in the Ottoman Empire with his wife after he struggled for independence against after he struggled for independence against

AustriaAustria

The King of Sweden Asset SARL, who lost his The King of Sweden Asset SARL, who lost his battle against Russia took refuge in the battle against Russia took refuge in the

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

PolonezköyPolonezköy History of PolonezköyHistory of Polonezköy Polonezkoy, formerly Polonezkoy, formerly

known as Adampol is known as Adampol is a Polish village a Polish village located at Istanbul, located at Istanbul, TURKEY... It was TURKEY... It was founded by Adam founded by Adam Czartoryski Czartoryski (Chairman of National (Chairman of National Uprising Government Uprising Government and the Leader of a and the Leader of a Political Emigration Political Emigration Party) in 1842.Party) in 1842.

In 1772 Austria, Russia and Prussia have In 1772 Austria, Russia and Prussia have singed a treatment to share Poland. On singed a treatment to share Poland. On the other side, Ottoman Empire have the other side, Ottoman Empire have never accepted Poland's breaking down. never accepted Poland's breaking down. With this friendly behavior of Ottomans, With this friendly behavior of Ottomans, Turkish became a harbor for the Polish Turkish became a harbor for the Polish political emigrants. Especially the crew political emigrants. Especially the crew escaping from the 1831 War, 1848 escaping from the 1831 War, 1848 Hungarian Riot, Crimean War and 1863 Hungarian Riot, Crimean War and 1863 Riot have found a safe place with the Riot have found a safe place with the Turkish protection. After this invasion and Turkish protection. After this invasion and secession, National Poland Government secession, National Poland Government was established at Paris, France. Polish was established at Paris, France. Polish Prince Adam Czartoryski have foreseen Prince Adam Czartoryski have foreseen the independence of Poland with the the independence of Poland with the accompany of Ottoman Empire and accompany of Ottoman Empire and participating the war against Russia.participating the war against Russia.

Prince Adam Czartoryski have settled in France during Prince Adam Czartoryski have settled in France during that period and established the Polish Representative that period and established the Polish Representative Office in Istanbul in 1841. Michal Czajkowski (Chayka Office in Istanbul in 1841. Michal Czajkowski (Chayka Pasha) was the first administrator of this Representative Pasha) was the first administrator of this Representative Office. In 1842, Prince Czartoryski ent a letter to the Office. In 1842, Prince Czartoryski ent a letter to the Ottoman Government offering an establishment of Polish Ottoman Government offering an establishment of Polish Colony at the land's of Lazarist Priests in Istanbul. Lazarist Colony at the land's of Lazarist Priests in Istanbul. Lazarist Priests and Ottoman Government accepted the offer and Priests and Ottoman Government accepted the offer and with the treatment signed on 3rd of March, 1842, Prince with the treatment signed on 3rd of March, 1842, Prince bought (hired first) the Lazarist Priest's lands of about bought (hired first) the Lazarist Priest's lands of about 5.000.000 square meters to forever. This treatment 5.000.000 square meters to forever. This treatment corresponds the establishment of Polish Agriculture corresponds the establishment of Polish Agriculture Colony at the Ottoman lands. In 19th of March, 1842, the Colony at the Ottoman lands. In 19th of March, 1842, the village took the name of "Adampol" with a religious village took the name of "Adampol" with a religious ceremony. Michał Czajkowski, after converting into the ceremony. Michał Czajkowski, after converting into the Islam in 1850, took the name of Mehmet Sadik Pasha.Islam in 1850, took the name of Mehmet Sadik Pasha.

At the beginning in 18th of February 1842, there were only At the beginning in 18th of February 1842, there were only 4 inhabitants at the village, on April 1842, 9 more also 4 inhabitants at the village, on April 1842, 9 more also settled down to the village, and years by years after more settled down to the village, and years by years after more emigration population increased to hundreds. The emigration population increased to hundreds. The inhabitants also took the Turkish citizenship in 1938. inhabitants also took the Turkish citizenship in 1938. Population of the village was 88 in 1866. Agriculture and Population of the village was 88 in 1866. Agriculture and stock-breeding was popular at the beginning. Labor for stock-breeding was popular at the beginning. Labor for tourism have started from the years of 1920s. There was tourism have started from the years of 1920s. There was 47 well built house with gardens and 165 people at the 47 well built house with gardens and 165 people at the village in 1920. During these years the non-Muslims village in 1920. During these years the non-Muslims settled in Istanbul were in wonder of Polish people's life settled in Istanbul were in wonder of Polish people's life style and visiting the village very often. Polonezkoy's style and visiting the village very often. Polonezkoy's reputation spread out to Istanbul very fast with this reputation spread out to Istanbul very fast with this interest. In 1935, the founder of Turkish Republic, interest. In 1935, the founder of Turkish Republic, ATATÜRK, have visited Polonezkoy as well.ATATÜRK, have visited Polonezkoy as well.

The distribution of people of Turkic cultural The distribution of people of Turkic cultural background ranges from Siberia, across background ranges from Siberia, across Central Asia, to Eastern Europe. Presently, Central Asia, to Eastern Europe. Presently, the largest groups of Turkish people live the largest groups of Turkish people live throughout Central Asia –throughout Central Asia –Kazakhstan ,Kyrgyzstan , Kazakhstan ,Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan ,Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan ,Uzbekistan , and Azerbaijan ,in addition to Turkey and Azerbaijan ,in addition to Turkey and İran .Additionally ,Turkish people are found İran .Additionally ,Turkish people are found within Crimea ,East Turkistan region of within Crimea ,East Turkistan region of western China ,Northen Iraq ,Pakistan , western China ,Northen Iraq ,Pakistan , Israel , Russia ,Afganistan and the Balkans : Israel , Russia ,Afganistan and the Balkans : Moldova ,Bulgaria ,Romania , and former Moldova ,Bulgaria ,Romania , and former YugoslaviaYugoslavia . .

A small number of Turkish people A small number of Turkish people also live in Vilnius, the capital of also live in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. There is also a small Lithuania. There is also a small number in eastern Poland and number in eastern Poland and southeastern part of Finland. There southeastern part of Finland. There are also considerable populations of are also considerable populations of Turkish people (originating mostly Turkish people (originating mostly from Turkey) in Germany, United from Turkey) in Germany, United States, and Australia, largely because States, and Australia, largely because of migrations during the 20th century of migrations during the 20th century